35 research outputs found

    Using Taxes to Manage a Multigear Fishery: An Application to a Spanish Fishery

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    When fishing gears alter the composition of fish populations or modify the recruitment rate, it is advisable to include the degree of their fishing selectivity in the analysis. Fishing selectivity can cause two different management problems: interspecies selectivity or by‐catch of fish stocks for which no quota has been set by the regulator. The case study is the Spanish fishery of hake (Merlucius merlucius), where the fleet operates using two main gears; most of the vessels are trawlers but a few boats use longlines and other fixed gears. Fishery management by means of effort taxes and how the degree of intraspecies selectivity may affect the resource and tax levels are analyzed. The results show that the tax level will depend on the social value of the marine stock, the marginal productivity of each fleet\u27s effort, and the effect that the fishing activity of each one has on the growth of the hake biomass

    Management of a fishery using taxes: The European hake fishery

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    The management by means of taxes of a fishery in which the fishing technology of the fleets has different effects on resource is analysed in this paper. This effect can be included in the natural growth of the marine resource function itself. The results show that the tax equilibrium level depends on shadow price, marginal productivity of the effort and effect of each gear on natural growth. The fleet that has a greater impact on resource will pay a higher rate of tax. And this rate will fall as the fleet in question improves its degree of fishing selectivity. Likewise we present some economic policy recommendations for this fishery.taxes, intra-species selectivity, European hake.

    Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

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    Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

    ProblemĂĄtica de la pesca en Galicia. Estado de los recursos y del esfuerzo pesqueros

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    Actas de la IX ReuniĂłn de Estudios Regionales “Crisis, autonomĂ­as y desarrollo regional”. AsociaciĂłn española de ciencia regional. AsociaciĂłn galega de ciencia rexional .Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 1985

    Coordenadas economico-institucionales para una gestion integral del mar. El caso de Galicia

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    La Comision Europea publico en 2006 un Libro Verde Politica Maritima en el que plantea como objetivo general el diseno de una politica global para el desarrollo sostenible en el medio marino. El nucleo del planteamien to se situa en la naturaleza global de los oceanos y, por tanto, en la necesidad de abordar normas de aplicacion universal, que deben acompanar y superponerse a las especificas de cada aspecto o actividad, para asegurar la compatibilidad de usos y espacios, y acrecentar las posibilidades de desarrollo. El objectivo de este trabaho es tomar este marco de referencia y tratar de analizar la situacion de la cuestion maritima en una region altamente dependiente de las actividades maritimas (Galicia). Esta valoracion se circunscribe a la significacion economica de los datos de actividad y del contexto institucional. Se pretende caracterizar los problemas de gestion y reflexionar sobre las perspectivas de esta estrategia integral y sobre las dificultades de regulacion que se presentan. In 2006, the European Commission published a Green Paper on Maritime Policy which identified as a general objective, the design within Europe of a global policy for sustainable growth with respect to the region's oceans and seas. The basis of this approach can be found in the overall nature of out maritime environment, and therefore, in the need to tackle aspects which are of universal interest. These areas should accompany and, where necessary, supersede the specifics of each aspect or activity, in order to ensure the full compatibility of use and space, and thus increase the potential for development. The aim of this study is to take this framework and seek to analyse in greater detail the maritime question within the context of an Atlantic region which is highly dependent on ocean going activities (in this case, Galicia), reflecting upon the perspectives which programmes of this nature offer, both from the point of view of the opportunities for development they provide and the management problems they imply, within the broader framework of sustainability
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