Characterization of the ceramic Glazed tiles of the Palácio Almada (Lisboa)

This study reports the mineralogical and chemical characterization of the ceramic body of tiles signed by Gabriel del Barco, which belong to the Palácio Almada in Lisbon [1]. Nowadays, the tile panels are not in its original place and their appearance reflect the constant changes that they have been through. Gabriel del Barco was an important tile painter from the 17th century, who began his career as an oil painter, linked to the most relevant Portuguese baroque artists. The influent Almada family was the owner of the former palace near Rossio, one of the most significant and busy squares in 17th century Lisbon. Gabriel del Barco has been currently under investigation by the authors of this presentation through a FCT funded project [2]. In fact, the painter’s characteristics and his large amount of works (both signed and ascribed), make him a unique artist in the Portuguese tile’s panorama. Powder samples carefully removed from the two panels of the palace were analysed by X-ray diffraction (DRX) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results revealed that the mineralogical and chemical compositions are almost the same for the two panels. Chloride is present only in one of the panels. A comparison with the present results is made with a recent work, where signed and nonsigned tiles attributed to the artist, was made [3]. We discuss the several factors that may affect the characteristics of old tiles, which may involve differences in the manufacturing process, or environmental factors as the precipitation of waterinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Transformaciones de haz mediante microlentes selfoc activas

[EN]: In this paper light propagation in an active selfoc microlens with complex refractive index and gradient parameter are examined. The ray-transfer matrix of an active material regarded as a diffraction-free first order optical system is presented to describe the beam transformations in active selfoc microlenses. Results concerning Gaussian beam transformationsand on-axis irradiance through the active selfoc microlens are discussed and commented. © Sociedad Española de Óptica.[ES]: En este trabajo se estudia la propagación de la luz a través de una microlente selfoc activa con un índice de refracción y parámetro de gradiente complejos. La matriz de transferencia de rayos, vista como un sistema óptico de primer orden libre de efectos de difracción, es introducida para describir las transformaciones que puede sufrir un haz en microlentes selfoc activas. Por último se presentan y comentan los resultados correspondientes a las transformaciones de haces Gaussianos y a la irradiancia en eje a través de la microlente selfoc activa.This work has been sponsored by Xunta de Galicia/Feder (INCITE08PXIB206013PR), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MAT2010-18519) and CDTI (SURFALUX SOL-00030930), Spain. Besides, Ana I. Gomez-Varela wants to acknowledge the financial support from the FPU (Formación de Profesorado Universitario) grant 2009 (Ministerio de Educación, Spain).Peer Reviewe

Microfluidic devices manufacturing with a stereolithographic printer for biological applications

Stereolithographic printers have revolutionized many manufacturing processes with their capacity to easily produce highly detailed structures. In the field of microfluidics, this technique avoids the use of complex steps and equipment of the conventional technologies. The potential of low force stereolithography technology is analysed for the first time using a Form 3B printer and seven printing resins through the fabrication of microchannels and pillars. Manufacturing performance of internal and superficial channels and pillars is studied for the seven printing resins in different configurations. A complete characterization of printed structures is carried out by optical, confocal and SEM microscopy, and EDX analysis. Internal channels with unobstructed lumen are obtained for diameters and angles greater than 500 μm and 60°, respectively. Outward and inward superficial channels in the range of hundreds of microns can be fabricated with an accurate profile, printing them with a perpendicular orientation respect to the base, allowing a proper uncured resin evacuation. Outward channels are replicated by soft lithography using polydimethylsiloxane. Clear, Model and Tough resins show a good behaviour to be used as master, but Amber and Dental resins present a poor topology transference from the master to the replica. According to the needs of devices used for biological and biomedical research, transparency as well as superficial biocompatibility of some resins is evaluated. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) adhesion is confirmed on Amber, Dental and Clear resins, but these cells were only able to grow and progress as a cell culture over the Amber resin. Therefore, Amber showed an adequate biocompatibility, in terms of cell adhesion and growth for HUVECAuthors gratefully thank contracts AEI RTI2018-097063-B-100, AEI/FEDER, UE; ED431B 2020/29; ED431E 2018/08 and ED481D-2021-019, Consellería de Educación Xunta de Galicia/FEDER e Estructuración Xunta de Galicia, IN607A2019-02 and Sociedad española de cardiología y Fundación español del corazón, SEC/FEC-INV-BAS 20/013S

Internal Microchannel Manufacturing Using Stereolithographic 3D Printing

Internal channels are one of the most interesting structures to implement in microfluidics devices. Unfortunately, the optical technologies typically used in microfluidics, such as photolithography or reactive ion etching, are unable to generate these structures by only allowing surface structuring. Stereolithographic 3D printing has emerged as a very promising technology in internal microchannel manufacturing, by allowing a layer-by-layer structuring in volume performed by a laser that photopolymerises a liquid resin. Recent advances in laser technologies have reached resolutions of tens of micrometres. The high resolution of this type of printer, which a priori would allow the fabrication of channels of the same dimensions, may pose a problem by impeding the evacuation of uncured resin. In this chapter, the compromise between size and resin evacuation will be evaluated to find the optimal diameter range in which unobstructed and accurate microchannels can be obtained

Química de los cementos

En la presente comunicación se describen los resultados mas relevantes obtenidos a lo largo del tiempo en torno a algunas de las líneas de trabajo mas importantes que se desarrollan en el seno del grupo de investigación “Química del Cemento” del Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (IETcc-CSIC).Edición financiada por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia con cargo al "Plan Nacional de I+D+I 2004-2007".Peer reviewe

Berberine reverts hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in high-fat fed rats: A possible role for SirT3 activation

Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid with anti-diabetic properties. Despite the central role of liver and thus hepaticmitochondria inwhole-bodymetabolism, berberine effects on hepaticmitochondrial function in an obesity model are still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that berberine treatment recovers mitochondrial efficiency when altered by a high-fat feeding.Mitochondria isolated from the liver of high-fat fed rats exhibited decreased capacity to accumulate calcium and impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, as shown by impaired mitochondrialmembrane potential, oxygen consumption and cellular ATP levels. Interestingly, the recovery of mitochondrial function by berberine was associated with an increased activity of the mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SirT3). In conclusion, berberine potent protective effects against metabolic syndrome may rely on increasing mitochondrial SirT3 activity, normalizing mitochondrial function and preventing a state of energetic deficit caused by impaired OXPHOS.JST, FVD, APG and ATV were recipients of a Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia PhD scholarship (SFRH/BD/38467/2007, SFRH/BD/38372/ 2007, SFRH/BD/44674/2008 and SFRH/BD/44796/2008, respectively). This project was supported by a FCT grant PTCD/SAU-OSM/72443/ 2006

Polimedicación y prescripción de fármacos inadecuados en pacientes ancianos inmovilizados que viven en la comunidad

ObjetivosConocer y analizar el consumo de medicamentos de la población anciana inmovilizada, así como el número de fármacos potencialmente inapropiados (FPI).DiseñoEstudio transversal.EmplazamientoCatorce centros rurales de atención primaria.ParticipantesSe escogió mediante muestreo sistemático a pacientes inmovilizados, mayores de 64 años, no institucionalizados.Mediciones principalesRevisión de los botiquines y anotación de la dosis diaria y el número de fármacos actuales del paciente, así como el origen de la prescripción. Identificación de los FPI (criterios de Beers). Estadística descriptiva e inferencial.ResultadosSe visitaron 143 domicilios. La media de edad fue de 81,3 ± 7,9 años, con un 74,8% de mujeres. Los medicamentos más comunes fueron: analgésicos (9,2%), antiácidos (7,1%), nitritos-antagonistas del calcio (6,5%), antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (5,0%) e inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina (4,7%). El porcentaje de pacientes con consumo de más de 4 fármacos fue del 76,1%. El 35% de los ancianos tomaba algún FPI. Los más frecuentes fueron: ansiolíticos de acción prolongada (41,5%), hipnóticos (13,8%), digoxina (13,8%), indometacina (7,7%) y espasmolíticos (6,1%). En la mayor parte de los casos, la prescripción de los FPI partió del médico de familia (77,7%). Las mujeres tomaban significativamente más fármacos inapropiados que los varones (0,50 ± 0,72 frente a 0,25 ± 0,50; p = 0,001) y los polimedicados, más que los no polimedicados (0,50 ± 0,73 frente a 0,31 ± 0,52; p = 0,008).ConclusionesLa prevalencia de inadecuación terapéutica en los ancianos inmovilizados es alta, por lo que es necesario hacer un esfuerzo para reducirla. Actuaciones dirigidas a aumentar la calidad de las prescripciones podrían mejorar el estado de salud y la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.ObjectivesTo ascertain and analyse the drug consumption of the immobile elderly, as well as the number of potentially inappropriate medcations (PIM).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFourteen rural primary care centres.ParticipantsNon-institutionalised immobile patients, older than 64 years were selected by systematic sampling.Principal measurementsReview of patients’ medicine cabinets and noting the daily doses and current number of drugs, as well as the origin of the prescription. Identification of PIM (Beers criteria).ResultsOne-hundred forty-three homes visits were made. The mean age was 81.3±7.9 years, of whom 74.8% were women. The most common drugs were: analgesics (9.2%), antacids (7.1%), nitrites-calcium antagonists (6.5%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (5.0%), and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (4.7%). The percentage of patients who took more than 4 drugs was 76.1%. A PIM was taken by 35% of the elderly. The most common were: long-acting tranquilisers (41.5%), hypnotics (13.8%), digoxin (13.8%), indomethacin (7.7%), and antispasmodics (6.1%). In the majority of cases, the prescribing of the PIM was made by the family doctor (77.7%).Women took significantly more inappropriate drugs than men (0.50±0.72 vs to 0.25±0.50; P=.001) and those on multiple medication more than those not on multiple medication (0.50±0.73 vs 0.31±0.52; P=.008).ConclusionsThe prevalence of inappropriate therapy in the immobile elderly is high, therefore an effort must be made to reduce it. Procedures directed towards increasing the quality of prescribing could improve the state of health and quality of life of these patients

Insects in urban contexts: their role as evidence in a nineteenth century case of objects reuse

Durante la excavación de los restos de una letrina y un pozo de basura del siglo XIX ubicada en la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), varios metros por debajo de la superficie actual del terreno se recuperaron docenas de botellas de vidrio perfectamente conservadas, originalmente utilizadas como contenedores de bebidas alcohólicas. Dentro de una botella se hallaron numerosas pupas y puparios de moscas cuyo análisis reveló que se trataba de ejemplares de al menos seis especies saprófagas (que se alimentan de materia orgánica en descomposición) y de un coleóptero adulto depredador de las mismas, todos habitualmente utilizados para la interpretación de contextos arqueológicos funerarios. Su presencia en el interior de una botella ordinaria de vidrio obligó a considerar por qué el contenido de ese recipiente en particular atrajo a estos insectos, cubrió sus requerimientos tróficos y posibilitó el desarrollo de su ciclo de vida, a la vez que estimar en que proceso de reutilización se vio involucrada la pieza para encontrarse asociada a dicho registro entomológico.During an excavation of the remains of a nineteenth-century latrine and garbage pit located in the city of Buenos Aires (Argentina), several meters below the current surface of the land, dozens of glass bottles perfectly preserved, originally used as containers for alcoholic beverages, were recovered. Inside one of them is the presence of numerous pupae and empty pupariae of flies whose analysis revealed that they were saprophagous species (that feed on decaying organic matter) and an adult beetle predator of them, all usually used for the interpretation of funerary archaeological contexts. The preservation of the remains inside a glass bottle makes it necessary to consider why the content of that particular bottle attracted these insects and enabled the development of their life cycle and satisfy their trophic requirements, and also estimating which process of reuse was involved the piece to be associated with the entomological record.Fil: Igareta, Ana Teresa. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Instituto de Investigaciones en Historia, Teoría y Praxis de la Arquitectura y la Ciudad; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Arqueología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Mariani, Roxana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; ArgentinaFil: Varela, Graciela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; ArgentinaFil: Teileche, Thelma Dominga. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Study of Different Sol-Gel Coatings to Enhance the Lifetime of PDMS Devices: Evaluation of Their Biocompatibility

A study of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) sol-gel–coated channels fabricated using soft lithography and a laser direct writing technique is presented. PDMS is a biocompatible material that presents a high versatility to reproduce several structures. It is widely employed in the fabrication of preclinical devices due to its advantages but it presents a rapid chemical deterioration to organic solvents. The use of sol-gel layers to cover the PDMS overcomes this problem since it provides the robustness of glass for the structures made with PDMS, decreasing its deterioration and changing the biocompatibility of the surface. In this work, PDMS channels are coated with three different kinds of sol-gel compositions (60MTES/40TEOS, 70MTES/30TISP and 80MTES/20TISP). The endothelial cell adhesion to the different coated devices is evaluated in order to determine the most suitable sol-gel preparation conditions to enhance cellular adhesion.This work has been supported under contracts MAT2015–71119-R, Ministerio de Economíay Competitividad, and ISCIII/PI14-01140/FEDER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. M. Aymerich acknowledges a Pre-Doctoral Fellowship from Xunta de Galicia (Spain) financed by the Sistema Universitario de Galicia (SUG) and the Fondo Social Europeo (FSE)S

Sol-Gel Glass Coating Synthesis for Different Applications: Active Gradient-Index Materials, Microlens Arrays and Biocompatible Channels

The intent of this chapter is to review the use of sol-gel processing of silica and silica-titania optical coatings in recent research by the authors in three different areas: the synthesis of active gradient-index (GRIN) materials by multilayer deposition of erbium- and ytterbium-doped silica-titania films, the improvement of the optical and morphological qualities of microlens arrays fabricated by laser ablation and the functionalization of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel preclinical devices. Through the use of sol-gel, layers with specific properties can be produced. In this regard, undoped and erbium- and ytterbium-doped SiO2-TiO2 films have been produced and characterized using atomic force microscopy (surface topography evaluation) and spectral ellipsometry (determination of optical constants, thickness and porosity of the films). In a second application, a silica sol has been synthesized to coat microlens arrays fabricated by laser ablation. The deposited layer reduces the surface roughness of the microlens array, which yields the improvement of the contrast and the homogeneity of the foci. Finally, PDMS channels fabricated with laser technologies and soft-lithography methods are coated with a sol-gel-derived silica film to avoid the degradation of the material with organic solvents, and their biocompatibility is studied