146 research outputs found

    Proteogenomic Study of the Effect of an Improved Mixed Diet of Live Preys on the Aquaculture of Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae

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    This work was part of the I+D+i grant AGL2017-89475-C2-1 -OCTOMICS, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Funds will be also received for open access publication fees from a collaboration agreement between Innovation Galician Agency and CSIC (Program Agreement 2021-2022).The common octopus is the most demanded cephalopod species for human consumption. Despite important advances realized recently, the main bottleneck for commercial production of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, is the mass mortality of paralarvae in the first 15–20 days post-hatching (dph), with the main responsible factors still unknown. Thus, the identification of the limiting culture factors is, therefore, crucial for their aquaculture. This study investigates proteomic and transcriptomic responses of octopus paralarvae fed on an improved live preys-mixed diet (M) compared to an Artemia-based (A) reference diet. M diet resulted in the highest paralarvae specific growth rate obtained to date under culture conditions. This is supported by most of the proteins and genes over-expressed in the M group being linked to the cell cycle and replication, production of structural components, and development of the nervous system. Furthermore, the differential nutritional regulation of several genes and proteins seems to indicate that, instead of fatty acids, the preferred fuels for cephalopods would be proteins and carbohydrates. Also, M diet provides a better nutrient balance, which has allowed carrying out this comparative study in paralarvae under optimal conditions at a more advanced stage of growth (20 dph) than in previous studies. Moreover, the paralarvae culture extended up to 40 dph showed for the first time a proper pre-settlement behavior.MCIN/AEI AGL2017-89475-C2-1Innovation Galician AgencyCSI

    Characterization of type “B” esterases and hepatic CYP450 isoenzimes in Senegalese sole for their further application in monitoring studies

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    8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tablesIn fish, the role that cholinesterases (ChEs) play in tissues other than those implicated in neural activity, as well as the involvement of carboxylesterases (CbEs) and cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (CYPs) in drug metabolism needs investigation. For that, Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) specimens were selected for characterization of several type B esterases and hepatic CYPs in order to further use this fish as sentinel. ChEs (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterases (butyrylcholinesterase-BuChE and propionilcholinesterase-PrChE)) and CbEs were measured in brain, plasma, kidney, liver, gonad, muscle and gills. Moreover, seven fluorimetric substrates were selected to study CYP related activities in fish liver. The results showed that AChE was the dominant ChE form in brain whereas pseudocholinesterases were absent in most tissues, as demonstrated by low enzymatic activities using specific substrates and the lack of inhibition by iso-OMPA. Plasma exhibited trace activities of all the esterases assayed and no BuChE activity. CbEs were dominant in liver, but they were also present in kidney and brain. For CbE determination, α-naphtyl acetate (αNA) was seen as the most adequate substrate as it displayed higher enzymatic activities and showed more in vitro sensitivity to the carbamate eserine and the organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos. Alkoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD and BFCOD) activities, indicative in mammals of CYP1A and CYP3A subfamilies, respectively, were the highest microsomal CYP-related activities in liver. The results of this preliminary work allow us to select the most adequate esterase substrate, tissue and hepatic CYP substrate for further monitoring studiesThis work was financed by the Ministry Science and Innovation of Spain (refCTM2010-16611)Peer reviewe

    Evaluación de la toxicidad de metilparabeno en Artemia franciscana: efectos sobre crecimiento, supervivencia y biomarcadores

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    En la actualidad se utiliza a diario gran cantidad de productos con parabenos en su composición. Debido a su uso masivo, cada vez se detectan mayores cantidades de parabenos en medios acuáticos. En este estudio se analiza la toxicidad de un contaminante emergente, como es el metilparabeno, en Artemia franciscana, dada la presencia de este compuesto en zonas costeras y salinas mediterráneas. Para ello, se realizó un diseño experimental para determinar la toxicidad aguda (LC50), así como el efecto crónico tras la exposición a dos concentraciones subletales (0.05 y 0.1 ppm) durante 9 días, sobre diferentes parámetros fisiológicos y bioquímicos, tales como la supervivencia, crecimiento, actividad de las enzimas colinesterasa y glutatión-S-transferasa y ratio de RNA/DNA. Los nauplios de A. franciscana son poco sensibles al MeP, (LC50-24 h de 131.4 ppm). El metilparabeno afecta significativamente a la supervivencia y crecimiento en exposiciones crónicas a las concentraciones subletales ensayadas (0.05 y 0.1 ppm). Además, éstas causan alteraciones significativas de la actividad colinesterasa, mientras que no se observa ningún efecto sobre la actividad glutatión-S-transferasa y la ratio RNA/DNA. Estos resultados indican que A. franciscana es resistente al metilparabeno, aunque exposiciones crónicas (hasta 9 días) a concentraciones subletales sí producen alteraciones en supervivencia y crecimiento. Además, la actividad colinesterasa es un biomarcador sensible a este compuesto mientras que la actividad glutatión-S-transferasa y la ratio RNA/DNA no presentan alteraciones.Peer Reviewe

    Studies on the characterisation of biomarkers of nutritionally-derived stress in paralarval cultures of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris)

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    Comunicación presentada en las CephsInAction MC & WGs meetings, celebradas en Barcelona, España, del 14 al 16 de marzo de 2014 Nowadays, due to the high mortality within the first 30 days of life, octopus paralarvae culture represents the main obstacle for commercial production of this species. The causes of such mortality are not yet well defined and understood. As a part of a broader project aimed at characterising the causes of such massive mortality, we envisaged the study of nutritionally-derived stress, through the selection of biomarkers capable of its detection and quantification.This research was supported by “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” through the OCTOPHYS Project (AGL-2010-22120-C03-02), and by a Marie Curie R.G. (PERG08-GA-2010-276916, LONGFA). The study was also carried out under the scope of a PROMETEO Project (2010/006) from Generalitat Valenciana.Peer Reviewe

    Aquatic pollution may favor the success of the invasive species A. franciscana

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    The genus Artemia consists of several bisexual and parthenogenetic sibling species. One of them, A. franciscana, originally restricted to the New World, becomes invasive when introduced into ecosystems out of its natural range of distribution. Invasiveness is anthropically favored by the use of cryptobiotic eggs in the aquaculture and pet trade. The mechanisms of out-competition of the autochthonous Artemia by the invader are still poorly understood. Ecological fitness may play a pivotal role, but other underlying biotic and abiotic factors may contribute. Since the presence of toxicants in hypersaline aquatic ecosystems has been documented, our aim here is to study the potential role of an organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos, in a congeneric mechanism of competition between the bisexual A. franciscana (AF), and one of the Old World parthenogenetic siblings, A. parthenogenetica (PD). For this purpose we carried out life table experiments with both species, under different concentrations of the toxicant (0.1, 1 and 5. μg/l), and analyzed the cholinesterase inhibition at different developmental stages. The results evidence that both, AF and PD, showed an elevated tolerance to high ranges of chlorpyrifos, but AF survived better and its fecundity was less affected by the exposure to the pesticide than that of PD. The higher fecundity of AF is a selective advantage in colonization processes leading to its establishment as NIS. Besides, under the potential selective pressure of abiotic factors, such as the presence of toxicants, its higher resistance in terms of survival and biological fitness also indicates out-competitive advantages. © 2015This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation projects (CGL2005-02306 and CGL2008-04737-E) “Biodiversidad de Artemia (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) en el Mediterráneo Occidental, archipiélagos Balear y Canario. Efectos de A. franciscana como especie invasora. Implicaciones ecológicas y de interés en acuicultura” y “Biodiversidad amenazada en salinas mediterráneas”. S. Redón was supported by a Ph.D grant (FPI) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. D. Guinot was supported by BANCAJA contract.Peer Reviewe

    Aquatic pollution may favor the success of the invasive species A. franciscana

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    The genus Artemia consists of several bisexual and parthenogenetic sibling species. One of them, A. franciscana, originally restricted to the New World, becomes invasive when introduced into ecosystems out of its natural range of distribution. Invasiveness is anthropically favored by the use of cryptobiotic eggs in the aquaculture and pet trade. The mechanisms of out-competition of the autochthonous Artemia by the invader are still poorly understood. Ecological fitness may play a pivotal role, but other underlying biotic and abiotic factors may contribute. Since the presence of toxicants in hypersaline aquatic ecosystems has been documented, our aim here is to study the potential role of an organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos, in a congeneric mechanism of competition between the bisexual A. franciscana (AF), and one of the Old World parthenogenetic siblings, A. parthenogenetica (PD). For this purpose we carried out life table experiments with both species, under different concentrations of the toxicant (0.1, 1 and 5 μg/l), and analyzed the cholinesterase inhibition at different developmental stages. The results evidence that both, AF and PD, showed an elevated tolerance to high ranges of chlorpyrifos, but AF survived better and its fecundity was less affected by the exposure to the pesticide than that of PD. The higher fecundity of AF is a selective advantage in colonization processes leading to its establishment as NIS. Besides, under the potential selective pressure of abiotic factors, such as the presence of toxicants, its higher resistance in terms of survival and biological fitness also indicates out-competitive advantages.Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation project, CGL2005-02306, CGL2008-04737-E

    Identification of very long-chain (>C24) fatty acid methyl esters using gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source

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    Gas chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass analyzer (QTOF) with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source has been tested to study the ionization and mass spectrometric behavior of long-chain and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs, C18–24; VLC-PUFAs, >C24). The protonated molecule ([M+H]+), measured at accurate mass, became the base peak of the spectrum for all the studied compounds and was promoted by the addition of water into the source. This fact overcame the existing difficulties for the identification of VLC-PUFAs when using an electron ionization source (EI). The extensive fragmentation of PUFAs in this source is the main drawback due to the fact that since reference standards are not commercially available, final identification relies on retention time estimation. The application of GC−APCI-QTOF to the screening of lipid extracts from the eyes of different fish species added confidence to the identification of several VLC-PUFAs. Further investigation of ion ratios allowed to predict the position of key double bonds enabling the classification of VLC-PUFAs as ω3 or ω6 compounds. VLC-PUFAs spectra found in biological samples were compared to those obtained from corresponding peaks found in heterologous expression experiments of fish's Elovl4.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación orientada a los retos de la sociedad (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness): Research Project “Ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena muy larga en peces: biosíntesis e implicaciones durante fases tempranas de desarrollo en especies cultivadas”(AGL2013-40986-R). This work has been developed within the framework of the Research Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-CSIC/IUPA-UJI). Tania Portolés acknowledges Juan de la Cierva Incorporation Program from Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (IJCI-2014-20588) for funding her research

    Effect of ivermectin on the liver of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata: a proteomic approach

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    23 p., 2 tablas, 4 figuras y bibliografíaGilthead sea bream Sparus aurata is the most commercialized Mediterranean aquacultured fish species. Ivermectin has recently(experimentally) started to be used to control ectoparasitic infestations in Mediterranean cultured marine fish. The potential hepatotoxicity of ivermectin was investigated in gilthead sea bream juveniles (35g) following oral administration at the recommended dose of 0.2mg kg-1 fish for 10d. Difference Gel Electrophoresis Technology (DIGE) was used to study the effect of this treatment in gilthead sea bream liver protein profile under routine culture conditions. The 2D-DIGE protein maps obtained were analyzed using the DeCyder 6.5 software. The results obtained showed significant changes in the expression of 36 proteins respect to the control group. Among these proteins, six increased in abundance, and 30 decreased. Spot showing differential expression respect to the control were analyzed by mass spectrometry and database search, which resulted in three positive identifications corresponding to hepatic proteins involved in lipid metabolism (apoA-I), oxidative stress responses and energy generation (beta-globin, ATP synthase subunit beta). These proteins have not been previously associated to invermectin effect.This work was funded by projects GV06B-351 “Generalitat Valenciana” and CTM 2006-14279-CO2-01/MAR MEC-FEDER. This research was performed within the framework of a concerted action between Spain and Greece (HG-2004-0016). I. Varó was a recipient of a “Ramón y Cajal” contract at the University of Valencia from the “Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spain)”.Peer reviewe

    Dietary Effect on the Proteome of the Common Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) Paralarvae

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    Nowadays, the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) culture is hampered by massive mortalities occurring during early life-cycle stages (paralarvae). Despite the causes of the high paralarvae mortality are not yet well-defined and understood, the nutritional stress caused by inadequate diets is pointed out as one of the main factors. In this study, the effects of diet on paralarvae is analyzed through a proteomic approach, to search for novel biomarkers of nutritional stress. A total of 43 proteins showing differential expression in the different conditions studied have been identified. The analysis highlights proteins related with the carbohydrate metabolism: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dedydrogenase (GAPDH), triosephosphate isomerase; other ways of energetic metabolism: NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase, arginine kinase; detoxification: glutathione-S-transferase (GST); stress: heat shock proteins (HSP70); structural constituent of eye lens: S-crystallin 3; and cytoskeleton: actin, actin-beta/gamma1, beta actin. These results allow defining characteristic proteomes of paralarvae depending on the diet; as well as the use of several of these proteins as novel biomarkers to evaluate their welfare linked to nutritional stress. Notably, the changes of proteins like S-crystallin 3, arginine kinase and NAD+ specific isocitrate dehydrogenase, may be related to fed vs. starving paralarvae, particularly in the first 4 days of development.En prens
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