Contributo da metodologia de cuidado humanitude para a gestão das emoções na pandemia

Emotions have a strong impact on our perceptions, our memories, our thoughts, our ability to judge and even, on our behavior. Understanding the behaviors and emotions manifested by the person being cared for, particularly in situations of fragility and vulnerability, is fundamental to their well-being, and it is important for caregivers to implement care methodologies that promote positive feelings. The aim of this study was to describe the emotions perceived by the management of 6 residences for the elderly in the confinement period, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify the contributions of the Humanitude Care Methodology (HCM) for the management of these emotions. A descriptive multi-case study was carried out, with data collected through semistructured interviews, carried out with a member of the technical management of each of the residences. Content analysis was performed on the data obtained, following the Bardin model, being organized into categories and subcategories. The following negative emotions were evidenced: sadness, apprehension, contempt, anxiety and indignation, perceived by the managers both in the professionals and in the people cared for during the confinement period in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there was also the perception that the implementation of the principles of HCM, contributed to the minimization of negative emotions and potentiated positive emotions generating more optimism, confidence and joy in everyone involved. It is therefore essential that the caregivers take ownership of the principles of HCM, facilitators of interaction with the person being cared for, promoting feelings of well-being, even in situations of great vulnerability and fragility, as is the case of the pandemic by COVID-19, experienced by institutionalized elderly.As emoções possuem um forte impacto sobre as nossas percepções, nossas memórias, nossos pensamentos, nossa capacidade de ajuizamento e sobre o nosso comportamento. A compreensão dos comportamentos e das emoções manifestadas pela pessoa cuidada, nomeadamente em situação de fragilidade e de vulnerabilidade, é fundamental para o seu bem-estar, sendo importante a implementação de metodologias de cuidado promotoras de sentimentos positivos, por parte dos cuidadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as emoções percebidas pela direção de 6 residências para idosos no período de confinamento, devido à pandemia COVID-19, e identificar os contributos da Metodologia de Cuidado Humanitude (MCH) para a gestão dessas emoções. Realizou-se um estudo multicasos descritivo, sendo os dados coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com um membro da direção técnica de cada uma das residências. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo, aos dados obtidos, seguindo o modelo de Bardin, sendo organizados em categorias e subcategorias. Foram evidenciadas as seguintes emoções negativas: tristeza, apreensão, menosprezo, ansiedade e indignação, percebidas pelas dirigentes, tanto nos profissionais quanto nas pessoas cuidadas no período de confinamento frente à pandemia do COVID-19. Porém, houve a percepção de que a implementação dos principios da MCH, contribuiu para a minimização de emoções negativas e potenciou emoções positivas gerando mais otimismo, confiança e alegria em todos os envolvidos. Torna-se, pois, fundamental apropriação dos principios da MCH, por parte dos cuidadores, facilitadores da interação com a pessoa cuidada, promovendo sentimentos de bem-estar, mesmo em situação de grande vulnerabilidade e fragilidade, como é o caso da pandemia por COVID-19, vivenciada pelos idosos institucionalizados.

Vernonia condensata

The present study evaluated the antioxidant potential of Vernonia condensata Baker (Asteraceae). Dried and powdered leaves were exhaustively extracted with ethanol by static maceration followed by partition to obtain the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined through spectrophotometry and flavonoids were identified by HPLC-DAD system. The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging activity, TLC-bioautography, reducing power of Fe+3, phosphomolybdenum, and TBA assays. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids ranged from 0.19 to 23.11 g/100 g and from 0.13 to 4.10 g/100 g, respectively. The flavonoids apigenin and luteolin were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction. The IC50 of DPPH assay varied from 4.28 to 75.10 µg/mL and TLC-bioautography detected the antioxidant compounds. The reducing power of Fe+3 was 19.98 to 336.48 μg/mL, while the reaction with phosphomolybdenum ranged from 13.54% to 32.63% and 56.02% to 135.00% considering ascorbic acid and rutin as reference, respectively. At 30 mg/mL, the ethanolic extract and fractions revealed significant effect against lipid peroxidation. All these data sustain that V. condensata is an important and promising source of bioactive substances with antioxidant activity

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract from Vernonia polyanthes Leaves in Rodents

The ethanol extract from Vernonia polyanthes leaves (EEVP) was investigated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects at the doses (p.o.) of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg in animal models. The extract reduced the number of abdominal contortions by 16.75% and 31.44% at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The results obtained showed that EEVP exerted a significant antinociceptive effect in the two phases of formalin. The EEVP increased the reaction time on a hot plate at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg after 90 min of treatment. The paw edema was reduced by EEVP at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg after 4 h of application of carrageenan. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, administered 4 h before the carrageenan injection, significantly reduced the exudate volume (29.25 and 45.74%, respectively) and leukocyte migration (18.19 and 27.95%, respectively). These results suggest that V. polyanthes can be an active source of substances with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities

New Approaches to Clarify Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Ethanol Extract from Vernonia condensata Leaves

The present study was aimed at evaluating the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract from Vernonia condensata leaves in animal models, in order to afford a better understanding of these properties. The extract reduced the number of abdominal contortions at doses of 100 (51.00 ± 3.00), 200 (42.00 ± 2.98) and 400 mg/kg (39.00 ± 4.00). In formalin tests, a significant reduction in the licking time (p < 0.01) was observed in the first phase by 25.14 (200 mg/kg = 51.50 ± 4.44) and 31.15% (400 mg/kg = 48.00 ± 4.37). The doses of 100 (43.37 ± 5.15), 200 (34.62 ± 4.16) and 400 mg/kg (28.37 ± 3.98) inhibited (p < 0.001) the second phase. After 60 and 90 min of treatment, a dose of 400 mg/kg (10.13 ± 0.39 and 11.14 ± 1.33, respectively) increased the latency time. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg potentiated the sleeping time induced by diazepam, pentobarbital and meprobamate. The extracts (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) showed anti-inflammatory effects by a decrease in paw edema. The extracts also reduced the exudate volume at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. The leukocyte migration had significant effect (p < 0.001) at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. The completion of additional experiments in the investigation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of V. condensata allowed a better understanding of the central and peripheral mechanisms involved

Chemical investigation and pharmacological activities of Vernonia polyanthes Less

Vernonia polyanthes Less, known as assa-peixe, is used in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory, healing and antimicrobial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical and pharmacological potential of V. polyanthes. Dried and powdered leaves were exhaustively extracted with ethanol by static maceration. The ethanol extract was fractionated by partition, obtaining the hexane fraction, dichloromethane, in ethyl acetate, butanol and residual fractions. The phytochemical screening was performed by identification reactions and of total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined by spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl), power reduction and TBA methods. The antimicrobial activity by the diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration. The acute toxicity was determined by 50% lethal dose (LD50). The antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing, formalin and hot plate tests, while the anti-inflammatory activity by paw edema and pleurisy methods. Data are expressed as mean standard error and analysis of variance followed by Newman-Keuls test or Tukey was used to measure the significance level (p < 0.05). Tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids and terpenes and steroids were detected in the samples. The total phenolic content ranged from 0.76 to 18.63 g/100 g, while flavonoids were 0.26 to 7.73 g/100 g. Extract and fractions showed antioxidant activity using the applied methods. The LD50 of the ethanolic extract was 2.78 g/kg. The extract reduced the writhing, licking time induced by formalin and increased latency on the hot plate, showing antinociceptive activity. The ethanol extract also reduced the paw edema and the volume and number of leukocytes in carrageenan-induced pleural exudate, demonstrating anti-inflammatory activity. The results indicated that V. polyanthes is a source of bioactive substances withe antioxidant activity, antimicrobial, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and this plant may constitute an alternative for therapeutic applications.Vernonia polyanthes Less, conhecida como assa-peixe, é usada na medicina tradicional como anti-inflamatório, cicatrizante e antimicrobiano. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o potencial químico e farmacológico de V. polyanthes. Folhas secas e pulverizadas foram exaustivamente extraídas com etanol por maceração estática. O extrato etanólico foi fracionado por partição, obtendo as frações hexânica, diclorometânica, em acetato de etila, butanólica e residual. A prospecção fitoquímica foi realizada por reações de identificação e os teores de fenóis e flavonóides totais foram determinados por espectrofotometria. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelos métodos de DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil), poder de redução e TBA. A atividade antimicrobiana pelo método de difusão e concentração mínima inibitória. A toxidez aguda foi determinada pela dose letal 50% (DL50). A atividade antinociceptiva foi avaliada pelos os testes de contorções abdominais, formalina e placa quente, enquanto a atividade antiinflamatória pelos métodos de edema de pata e pleurisia. Os dados foram demonstrados como médiaerro padrão e análise de variância seguida dos testes de Newman-Keuls ou Tukey foi usada para medir o grau de significância (p < 0,05). Foram detectados a presença de taninos, flavonóides, cumarinas, saponinas, terpenos e esteróides e alcalóides. Os teores de fenóis totais variaram de 0,76 a 18,63 g/100 g, enquanto os flavonóides totais foram 0,26 a 7,73 g/100 g. O extrato e as frações apresentaram atividade antioxidante pelos métodos aplicados. A DL50 do extrato etanólico foi 2,78 g/kg. O extrato etanólico reduziu as contorções abdominais, o tempo de lambida induzida pela formalina e aumentou o tempo de latência sobre a placa quente, demonstrando atividade antinociceptiva. O extrato etanólico também reduziu o edema de pata e o volume e o número de leucócitos do exsudato pleural induzido por carragenina, demonstrando atividade anti-inflamatória. Os resultados indicaram que V. polyanthes constitui uma fonte de substâncias bioativas, possui atividades antioxidante, antimicrobiana, antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória e pode constituir uma alternativa para aplicações terapêuticas.FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai