428 research outputs found

    Wada Boundaries on a Hyperbolic Pair of Pants

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    In this paper the geodesics of an open multiply connected hyperbolic manifold are presented from the dynamical system point of view. The approach is completely numerical. Similar to the closed hyperbolic case there is a zero-measure set of periodic orbits. The difference is that now, most of the geodesics escape to infinity through one of the topologically distinct channels, and initial conditions are identified to which channel the orbit escapes. The initial condition mesh reveals basins of attraction to each channel. We verified that the basin boundary points are of the Wada type by two independent methods. We have also calculated the basin entropy of the system, and verified that it depends on the opening angle of the escape channels. The manifold chosen is the pair of pants together with the leaves, so there are 33 distinct exit channels

    CRIMES CONTRA ANIMAIS SILVESTRES NO OESTE CATARINENSE: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DE AUTUAÇÕES E APREENSÕES REALIZADAS PELA POLÍCIA MILITAR AMBIENTAL DE CHAPECÓ

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    Several reports carried out by public agencies are related to conducts that altogether may constitute animal trafficking, which, along with other anthropic practices, contribute to the process of decline in animal species. Our objective was to collect data on environmental crimes related to fauna in the area of jurisdiction of the Environmental Military Police of Chapecó (EMPC), in the state of Santa Catarina_Brazil. For that, a documentary survey was carried out in the archives of that organ from January/1999 to December/2017. Environmental crimes related to fauna comprised 196 complaints, with 56 of them resulting in assessments, and 1,016 animals were seized in 33 municipalities. Chapecó was the municipality with the largest number of cases (97 assessments/539 animals seized), but the per capita values are below of 56.2% of the surveyed municipalities. Out of the total number of animals seized, 980 were birds, 28 were mammals, six were lizards and two were turtles. Most of the animals seized were released into nature (752). It is likely that the data do not represent the actual amount of wild animals kept in captivity or hunted in the region because of the difficulty of the inspection and/or structure for proper allocation of the animals.Diversos relatos realizados por órgãos públicos estão relacionados a condutas que, em conjunto, podem constituir tráfico de animais, que, juntamente com outras práticas antrópicas, contribuem para o processo de declínio das espécies animais. Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar os crimes ambientais relacionados à fauna na área de jurisdição da Polícia Militar Ambiental de Chapecó (PMAC), no estado de Santa Catarina. Para tanto, foi realizado levantamento documental nos arquivos da PMAC no período de janeiro/1999 a dezembro/2017. Os crimes ambientais relacionados à fauna envolveram 196 denúncias, das quais 56 resultaram em autuações e 1.016 animais foram apreendidos em 33 municípios. Chapecó foi o município com maior número de casos (97 autuações/539 animais apreendidos), mas os valores per capita estão abaixo de 56,2% dos municípios pesquisados. Do total de animais apreendidos, 980 eram aves, 28 eram mamíferos, seis eram lagartos e dois eram tartarugas. A maioria dos animais apreendidos foi solta na natureza (752). É provável que os dados não representem a quantidade real de animais silvestres mantidos em cativeiro ou caçados na região devido à dificuldade de fiscalização e/ou estrutura para alocação adequada dos animais

    Escape the Confusion of Informed Consent

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    https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/nursresconf2021/1000/thumbnail.jp

    Antifungal therapy in European hospitals : data from the ESAC point-prevalence surveys 2008 and 2009

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    The study aimed to identify targets for quality improvement in antifungal use in European hospitals and determine the variability of such prescribing. Hospitals that participated in the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Point Prevalence Surveys (ESACPPS) were included. The WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification for ‘antimycotics for systemic use’ (J02) 2009 version was used. Demographic data and information about indications and diagnoses were collected in 2008 and 2009. From 99 053 patients, 29 324 (29.6%) received antimicrobials. Antifungals represented 1529 of 40 878 (3.7%) antimicrobials. Antifungals were mainly (54.2%) administered orally. Hospital-acquired infections represented 44.5% of indications for antifungals followed by medical prophylaxis at 31.2%. The site of infection was not defined in 36.0% of cases but the most commonly targeted sites were respiratory (19.2%) and gastrointestinal (18.8%). The most used antifungal was fluconazole (60.5%) followed by caspofungin (10.5%). Antifungal–antibacterial combinations were frequently used (77.5%). The predominance of fluconazole use in participating hospitals could result in an increase in prevalence of inherently resistant fungi, increasing the need for newer antifungals. Although acknowledging that antifungal prophylaxis in the immunocompromised host needs further exploration, repetitive surveys using ESAC-PPS methodology may help to monitor the effects of interventions set to regulate antifungal use.The ESAC project was supported by a grant from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC; Grant Agreement 2007/001).peer-reviewe

    Effect of Aloe Vera wastes on physico-chemical properties and microbiological activity in soils

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    The aim of the present study was to explore the potential for using aloe vera wastes as amendment for soil to improve its fertility. Soil was exposed to four concentrations of aloin (rich in HAP) for 0, 7, 14 and 28 days. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed: soil Ph, organic matter (OM), nitrogen, phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The activity of seven enzymes implicated in the C, N and S cycles were measured. Microbial Biomass was determined by the method of substrate induced respiration. BiologEcoplates (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA) were used to estimate soil microbial functional diversity. Our findings suggested a decrease on phosphorus and nitrogen content and an increase on CEC after aloin addition. Also, a decrease on microbial biomass and enzymes activities was observed, except for FDA. Ecoplates results demonstrate a decrease on microbial activities depending on the incubation time. Moreover, our results indicated that bacterial communities of the tested soils have more affinity to consume substrates as Amino acids and polymers. Our results should be carefully considered in view of the agriculture waists reuse for a sustainable agricultur

    Ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. em eqüinos de área urbana de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil

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    A total of 320 horses were studied in this paper, both male and female, between two and 17 years of age, which were used for traction of wagons in the urban area of the municipality of Londrina (PR). These animals were kept, after their daily work, in abandoned areas or plots, in the outskirts of the urban area of the city. When these animals were attended by the veterinarians, between 1996 and 2005, none of them presented symptoms suggesting leptospirosis. The most frequent reasons for the visit were loss of weight, unwillingness for work, parasitism, laminess, and wounds. Microscopic Seroagglutination Test (SAM), with 22 Leptospira serovars, was performed in sera sample from all these animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in horses from the urban area of Londrina (PR). From the samples tested, 214 (66.88%) were considered positive, with titers between 100 and 3200, being that 49 (22.90%) presented antibodies against a single serovar of Leptospira, and 165 (77.10%) samples presented antibodies against two or more serovars simultaneously, where in 88 (53.33%) it was possible to characterize the most likely probable serovar. Antibodies against the serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae were detected in 32 (23.36%) animals.Foram estudados 320 eqüinos, machos e fêmeas com idade entre dois a 17 anos, utilizados para tração de carroças na área urbana do município de Londrina (PR). Estes animais eram mantidos, após a jornada diária de serviço, em áreas ou terrenos baldios, localizados na periferia da área urbana do município. Por ocasião do atendimento, realizado entre 1996 e 2005, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, nenhum dos animais apresentou sintomas sugestivos de leptospirose, sendo os motivos mais freqüentes, o emagrecimento, a indisposição para o trabalho, a verminose, problemas no sistema locomotor e feridas. A prova de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), com 22 sorovares de Leptospira, foi realizada em amostra de soro de todos os animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. em eqüinos da área urbana do município de Londrina. Foram consideradas positivas 214 (66,88%) amostras de soros com títulos entre 100 e 3200, sendo em 49 (22,90%) detectadas anticorpos contra um único sorovar de Leptospira e em 165 (77,10%) amostras com anticorpos contra dois ou mais sorovares simultâneamente, sendo em 88 (53,33%) destes caracterizado o sorovar mais provável. Anticorpos contra o sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae foram detectados em 32 (23,36%) animais

    MODERNIZAÇÃO: DESIGUALDADES SOCIAIS NO CAMPO ENTRE A COMUNIDADE EXTRATIVISTA E O GRANDE PRODUTOR

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    Este trabalho visa fazer um estudo sobre a pressão que o fornecimento de maquinários e equipamentos tecnológicos aos grandes produtores tem exercido na comunidade extrativista, com enfoque na obtenção de produtos florestais de origem não madeireira. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral foi analisar se a distribuição desses recursos interfere na desigualdade no campo entre os pequenos e grandes produtores. A questão norteadora se baseia na distribuição de recursos como uma forma de impulsionar o agronegócio no mercado interno e externo, o que rebaixa cada vez mais a posição do produtor familiar extrativista. Para isso, adotou-se o método de revisão integrativa, onde o portfólio possibilitou a integração de cinco categorias de causas das desigualdades sociais no campo. Os resultados indicam que (1) as desigualdades sociais, no meio rural têm sido um assunto abordado por diversos pesquisadores, porém pode-se notar pouco interesse por parte das ciências exatas; (2) as abordagens se sustentam em conjunto, tornando o assunto muito mais complexo e abrangente, necessitando de estudos mais profundos; (3) dos resultados destaca-se a exigência de apoio de políticas públicas que auxiliem o pequeno produtor, na gestão de recursos que possibilitem a melhor eficiência de trabalho no campo, principalmente no quesito processamento e/ou industrialização dos produtos não madeireiros oriundos das reservas legais. Dessa forma, espera-se que a pesquisa incentive maiores estudos que aprofundem o tema, além de contribuir para a academia científica, gestores de unidades de conservação e formuladores de políticas públicas com intuito de incentivos fiscais

    The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) pilot point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use

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    A standardised methodology for a combined point prevalence survey (PPS) on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals developed by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control was piloted across Europe. Variables were collected at national, hospital and patient level in 66 hospitals from 23 countries. A patient-based and a unit-based protocol were available. Feasibility was assessed via national and hospital questionnaires. Of 19,888 surveyed patients, 7.1% had an HAI and 34.6% were receiving at least one antimicrobial agent. Prevalence results were highest in intensive care units, with 28.1% patients with HAI, and 61.4% patients with antimicrobial use. Pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections (2.0% of patients; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8-2.2%) represented the most common type (25.7%) of HAI. Surgical prophylaxis was the indication for 17.3% of used antimicrobials and exceeded one day in 60.7% of cases. Risk factors in the patient-based protocol were provided for 98% or more of the included patients and all were independently associated with both presence of HAI and receiving an antimicrobial agent. The patient-based protocol required more work than the unit-based protocol, but allowed collecting detailed data and analysis of risk factors for HAI and antimicrobial use.peer-reviewe
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