Introducción a la háptica: nuevos dispositivos de entrada/salida

In this project, a review of the state of the art on virtual reality and augmented reality, input and output devices and haptic technology takes place in order to evaluate the role of haptic technology in the Human Computer Interaction (HCI). The starting point of the project is the broad increasing interest in technologies such as virtual reality or augmented reality, on one hand, and the haptic technology, on the other. We are seeing a great technological leap, mainly through audio visual dispositives (HMD Head- mounted display, headphones or glasses virtual reality) but with some forthcoming haptic devices, which are still unusual for the consumer. Nowadays, the technology seems to have reached enough maturity, in terms of hardware and software, for generating virtual environments of practical use by massive and unskilled user. Nevertheless, the desire sense of immersion is not yet complete: we can see, we can hear, but we can't touch. The requirements for these systems are becoming more and more demanding on realistic sensations to faithful recreate the immersion, by introducing the sense of touch as essential ingredient in the virtual environments. Then, the haptic technology comes as a natural step to all these audio visual novelties, as an essential role to build and manipulate virtual objects and scenes. Once the review of the state of the art is done, a conceptual design of a system based on input and output haptic is made to carry out a practical implementation of the solution and analyse the results obtained through some user tests.En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión del estado del arte de realidad virtual y realidad aumentada , dispositivos de entrada y salida , y tecnología háptica con el objetiv o de ver de qué manera contribuye la háptica en la Interacción Persona - Computadora . El punto de partida del proyecto es el auge que están viviendo tecnologías como realidad virtual o realidad aumentada por un lado y la tecnología háptica por otro. Este au ge muestra el gran salto tenológico, en términos de madurez, entre los dispositives audivisuales (HMD, Head - mounted display , casco s o gafes de realidad virtual ) y los dispositives hápticos, aún de poco desarrollo para el usuario masivo. En la actualidad l a tecnología parece haber alcanzado la madurez suficiente, en términos de hardware y en software para la generación de entornos virtuales para el uso práctico por el público masivo y no especializado . Aun así, la sensación de inmersión que obtenemos no sie mpre resulta del todo completa ya que podemos ver, podemos oír, pero no podemos tocar. La necesidad actual de que estos sistemas sean cada vez más realistas obliga a introducir el sentido del tacto aumentando de forma considerable nuestra inmersión en ento rnos virtuales. Así pues, la tecnología háptica, se presenta como un paso natural a todas estas novedades audiovisuales, jugando un papel esencial a la hora de construir y manipular escenarios y objetos virtuales. Una vez realizada una revisión del est ado del arte, se realiza un diseño conceptual de un sistema de entrada y salida basado en háptica para llevar a cabo una implementación práctica de la solución y analizar los resultados obtenidos mediante la realización de ensayos y prueba

Systematic analysis of the polyphenol metabolome using the Phenol-Explorer database

SCOPE: The Phenol-Explorer web database details 383 polyphenol metabolites identified in human and animal biofluids from 221 publications. Here we exploit these data to characterize and visualize the polyphenol metabolome, the set of all metabolites derived from phenolic food components. METHODS AND RESULTS: Qualitative and quantitative data on 383 polyphenol metabolites as described in 424 human and animal intervention studies were systematically analyzed. Of these metabolites, 301 were identified without prior enzymatic hydrolysis of biofluids, and included glucuronide and sulfate esters, glycosides, aglycones, and O-methyl ethers. Around one third of these compounds are also known as food constituents and corresponded to polyphenols absorbed without further metabolism. Many ring-cleavage metabolites formed by gut microbiota were noted, mostly derived from hydroxycinnamates, flavanols and flavonols. Median maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax ) of all human metabolites were 0.09 μM and 0.32 μM when consumed from foods or dietary supplements respectively. Median time to reach maximum plasma concentration in humans (Tmax ) was 2.18 h. CONCLUSION: These data show the complexity of the polyphenol metabolome and the need to take into account biotransformations to understand in vivo bioactivities and the role of dietary polyphenols in health and disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Predictive and Prognostic Brain Metastases Assessment in Luminal Breast Cancer Patients: FN14 and GRP94 from Diagnosis to Prophylaxis

FN14 has been implicated in many intracellular signaling pathways, and GRP94 is a well-known endoplasmic reticulum protein regulated by glucose. Recently, both have been associated with metastasis progression in breast cancer patients. We studied the usefulness of FN14 and GRP94 expression to stratify breast cancer patients according their risk of brain metastasis (BrM) progression. We analyzed FN14 and GRP94 by immunohistochemistry in a retrospective multicenter study using tissue microarrays from 208 patients with breast carcinomas, of whom 52 had developed BrM. Clinical and pathological characteristics and biomarkers expression in Luminal and non-Luminal patients were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for covariates, and brain metastasis-free survival (BrMFS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. FN14 expression was associated with BrM progression mainly in Luminal breast cancer patients with a sensitivity (53.85%) and specificity (89.60%) similar to Her2 expression (46.15 and 89.84%, respectively). Moreover, the likelihood to develop BrM in FN14-positive Luminal carcinomas increased 36.70-fold (3.65–368.25, p = 0.002). Furthermore, the worst prognostic factor for BrMFS in patients with Luminal carcinomas was FN14 overexpression (HR = 8.25; 95% CI: 2.77–24.61; p = 0.00015). In these patients, GRP94 overexpression also increased the risk of BrM (HR = 3.58; 95% CI: 0.98–13.11; p = 0.054—Wald test). Therefore, FN14 expression in Luminal breast carcinomas is a predictive/prognostic biomarker of BrM, which combined with GRP94 predicts BrM progression in non-Luminal tumors 4.04-fold (1.19–8.22, p = 0.025), suggesting that both biomarkers are useful to stratify BrM risk at early diagnosis. We propose a new follow-up protocol for the early prevention of clinical BrM of breast cancer patients with BrM risk

Elevated temperature inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in respiratory epithelium independently of IFN-mediated innate immune defences

The pandemic spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), represents an ongoing international health crisis. A key symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the onset of fever, with a hyperthermic temperature range of 38 to 41°C. Fever is an evolutionarily conserved host response to microbial infection that can influence the outcome of viral pathogenicity and regulation of host innate and adaptive immune responses. However, it remains to be determined what effect elevated temperature has on SARS-CoV-2 replication. Utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) air–liquid interface (ALI) model that closely mimics the natural tissue physiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the respiratory airway, we identify tissue temperature to play an important role in the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Respiratory tissue incubated at 40°C remained permissive to SARS-CoV-2 entry but refractory to viral transcription, leading to significantly reduced levels of viral RNA replication and apical shedding of infectious virus. We identify tissue temperature to play an important role in the differential regulation of epithelial host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection that impact upon multiple pathways, including intracellular immune regulation, without disruption to general transcription or epithelium integrity. We present the first evidence that febrile temperatures associated with COVID-19 inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in respiratory epithelia. Our data identify an important role for tissue temperature in the epithelial restriction of SARS-CoV-2 independently of canonical interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral immune defenses

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Valorization of invasive and ruderal plants : development of biofongicide for use in phytoprotection

Avec la prise de conscience de l'impact environnemental et sanitaire des pesticides et l'apparition de phénomènes de résistance face à ces produits, les exigences règlementaires européennes (UE 1107/2009) encadrant leur mise sur le marché sont de plus en plus drastiques. Pour répondre à ces exigences, de nouveaux types de produits de protection des cultures font leur apparition : les bio-pesticides, ou produits de biocontrôle. Il s'agit de produits naturels d'origine végétale, animale ou microbienne, à priori moins rémanent et impactant pour l'environnement que les pesticides conventionnels. C'est dans ce contexte que mes travaux de thèse ont eu pour but le développement de biopesticides d'origine végétale destinés à lutter contre les champignons pathogènes des plantes, pour lesquels il existe encore peu ou pas de moyens de lutte naturels. Au cours de cette thèse, j'ai pu sélectionner à travers différents criblages, écologique, économique et biologique deux extraits végétaux efficaces sur des cibles biologiques d'intérêt et présentant une toxicité sur organismes non cibles bien plus faible que des fongicides conventionnels. Les molécules responsables de l'activité ont été identifiées par fractionnement bio-guidé et analyses spectrales. L'activité des extraits a pu être validée en champs notamment sur mildiou de la vigne (Plasmopara viticola) et moniliose de la nectarine (Monilinia fructigena) après une optimisation de leur formulation.With the awareness of the environmental and sanitary impact of pesticides and emergence of resistance phenomena, the European regulation requirements (EU 1107/2009) supervising their marketing authorization are more and more drastic. To meet these requirements, new phytoprotection products are emerging: biopesticides also called biocontrol products. They are natural product of plant, animal or microbial origins, likely to be less persistent and more environmentally friendly than conventional pesticides.It is against this background that my thesis work aimed to develop some biopesticides from plant origin, for protection against phytopathogenic fungi for which there are no or few natural product.In this work, I selected, by ecological, economical and biological screening, two plant extracts, effective against biological targets and far less toxic against non-target organism than tested conventional pesticides.Active molecules were identified by bioguided fractionation and spectral analysis. Extracts activities have been evaluated in field test against vine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and Moniliose infection (Monilinia fructigena

Recherche d\u27un biocide naturel pour la conservation d\u27une oeuvre d\u27art en cire - screening chimique et biologique d\u27huiles essentielles

La Chambre des certitudes est une oeuvre de l\u27artiste allemand Wolfgang Laib inaugurée en 2000 constituée d\u27une cavité creusée dans le Roc-del-Maure (sur la commune d\u27Arboussols dans les Pyrénées Orientales) dont les parois ont été entièrement recouvertes de cire d\u27abeille. Cette oeuvre subit depuis plusieurs années une détérioration de plus en plus importante par des souches microbiennes. Dans une problématique de restauration et de préservation, un projet de recherche a été initié afin d\u27 isoler et d\u27identifier les souches responsables de cette dégradation, et de trouver un moyen de lutte efficace et naturel selon les souhaits de l\u27artiste.La Chambre des certitudes est une oeuvre de l\u27artiste allemand Wolfgang Laib inaugurée en 2000 constituée d\u27une cavité creusée dans le Roc-del-Maure (sur la commune d\u27Arboussols dans les Pyrénées Orientales) dont les parois ont été entièrement recouvertes de cire d\u27abeille. Cette oeuvre subit depuis plusieurs années une détérioration de plus en plus importante par des souches microbiennes. Dans une problématique de restauration et de préservation, un projet de recherche a été initié afin disoler et d\u27identifier les souches responsables de cette dégradation, et de trouver un moyen de lutte efficace et naturel selon les souhaits de l\u27artiste

Introducción a la háptica: nuevos dispositivos de entrada/salida

In this project, a review of the state of the art on virtual reality and augmented reality, input and output devices and haptic technology takes place in order to evaluate the role of haptic technology in the Human Computer Interaction (HCI). The starting point of the project is the broad increasing interest in technologies such as virtual reality or augmented reality, on one hand, and the haptic technology, on the other. We are seeing a great technological leap, mainly through audio visual dispositives (HMD Head- mounted display, headphones or glasses virtual reality) but with some forthcoming haptic devices, which are still unusual for the consumer. Nowadays, the technology seems to have reached enough maturity, in terms of hardware and software, for generating virtual environments of practical use by massive and unskilled user. Nevertheless, the desire sense of immersion is not yet complete: we can see, we can hear, but we can't touch. The requirements for these systems are becoming more and more demanding on realistic sensations to faithful recreate the immersion, by introducing the sense of touch as essential ingredient in the virtual environments. Then, the haptic technology comes as a natural step to all these audio visual novelties, as an essential role to build and manipulate virtual objects and scenes. Once the review of the state of the art is done, a conceptual design of a system based on input and output haptic is made to carry out a practical implementation of the solution and analyse the results obtained through some user tests.En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión del estado del arte de realidad virtual y realidad aumentada , dispositivos de entrada y salida , y tecnología háptica con el objetiv o de ver de qué manera contribuye la háptica en la Interacción Persona - Computadora . El punto de partida del proyecto es el auge que están viviendo tecnologías como realidad virtual o realidad aumentada por un lado y la tecnología háptica por otro. Este au ge muestra el gran salto tenológico, en términos de madurez, entre los dispositives audivisuales (HMD, Head - mounted display , casco s o gafes de realidad virtual ) y los dispositives hápticos, aún de poco desarrollo para el usuario masivo. En la actualidad l a tecnología parece haber alcanzado la madurez suficiente, en términos de hardware y en software para la generación de entornos virtuales para el uso práctico por el público masivo y no especializado . Aun así, la sensación de inmersión que obtenemos no sie mpre resulta del todo completa ya que podemos ver, podemos oír, pero no podemos tocar. La necesidad actual de que estos sistemas sean cada vez más realistas obliga a introducir el sentido del tacto aumentando de forma considerable nuestra inmersión en ento rnos virtuales. Así pues, la tecnología háptica, se presenta como un paso natural a todas estas novedades audiovisuales, jugando un papel esencial a la hora de construir y manipular escenarios y objetos virtuales. Una vez realizada una revisión del est ado del arte, se realiza un diseño conceptual de un sistema de entrada y salida basado en háptica para llevar a cabo una implementación práctica de la solución y analizar los resultados obtenidos mediante la realización de ensayos y prueba

L’Aventure Champollion: Dans le secret des hiéroglyphes

International audienceEn 1822, Jean-François Champollion publie la Lettre à M. Dacier dans laquelle il expose sa découverte du système hiéroglyphique. Ce déchiffrement fondamental permet de connaître les noms des pharaons bâtisseurs des pyramides d'Egypte, de décrypter les Livres des Morts retrouvés dans les tombeaux, de lire les littératures parmi les plus anciennes et d'interpréter les murs de hiéroglyphes restés silencieux pendant plus d'un millénaire.Cet ouvrage célèbre la sagacité d'un esprit génial et revient sur le rôle décisif joué dans cette aventure par la Bibliothèque nationale de France, creuset de recherches portant sur tous les savoirs du monde. Le lecteur est initié aux techniques d'hier et d'aujourd'hui pour la collecte, l'étude et la diffusion des connaissances de langues et d'écritures perdues