Veterinary antibiotics and hormones in water from areas given applications of pig slurry

A aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos no solo pode provocar degradação ambiental, gerando riscos à saúde humana e animal. Hormônios e antibióticos podem estar presentes nos dejetos aplicados, e quando em contato com seres humanos podem perturbar o sistema endócrino, que consiste na síntese, transporte e produção hormonal. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o transporte destas espécies químicas pelas águas de escoamento superficial e de drenagem no perfil do solo, a partir de dois lisímetros, com sistemas de plantio diferentes, sob aplicação de dejeto líquido de suínos. Para isso, os escoamentos de água foram gerados a partir de chuva simulada com elevada intensidade. As concentrações dos hormônios estrona, estradiol e 17α-etinilestradiol e os antibióticos veterinários toltrazuril, sulfadimidina, doxiciclina, clortetraciclina, tetraciclina e oxitetraciclina foram determinadas com Cromatógrafo Líquido de Alta Eficiência e observou-se apenas 3 ocorrências com concentração acima do limite de detecção, sendo uma de escoamento superficial e duas na drenagem. Foram detectadas ocorrências de hormônios e antibióticos tanto no escoamento superficial quanto no de drenagem abaixo do limite de quantificação. Os resultados não permitiram evidenciar a influencia do sistema de plantio no transporte destas moléculas no solo.The application of pig slurry to soil can lead to environmental degradation, generating risks to human and animal health. Hormones and antibiotics may be present in slurries which may alter the human endocrine system and the synthesis, transport and production of hormones. The present work evaluates the transport of such chemical compounds in surface runoff and water draining through soil, by means of two lysimeters with different soil tillage, that also receive applications of pig slurry. Flows of water were generated using simulated rainfall at high intensity. Concentrations of the hormones estrone, estradiol and 17α-ethynilestradiol, and of the veterinary antibiotics toltrazuril, sulfadimidine, doxycycline, chlortetracycline, tetracycline and oxytetracycline were measured by high-efficiency liquid chromatography. Only three occurrences were observed in which concentrations were above the limit of detection, one in surface runoff and two in soil drainage. Many concentrations of hormones and antibiotics in both surface runoff and soil drainage occurred which were below the limit of quantification. The occurences of hormones and antibiotics were detected in both runoff as the drain below the quantification limit. The results do not show the influence of tillage systems in the transport of these molecules in the soil

GODA: A goal-oriented requirements engineering framework for runtime dependability analysis

Many modern software systems must deal with changes and uncertainty. Traditional dependability requirements engineering is not equipped for this since it assumes that the context in which a system operates be stable and deterministic, which often leads to failures and recurrent corrective maintenance. The Contextual Goal Model (CGM), a requirements model that proposes the idea of context-dependent goal fulfillment, mitigates the problem by relating alternative strategies for achieving goals to the space of context changes. Additionally, the Runtime Goal Model (RGM) adds behavioral constraints to the fulfillment of goals that may be checked against system execution traces. Objective: This paper proposes GODA (Goal-Oriented Dependability Analysis) and its supporting framework as concrete means for reasoning about the dependability requirements of systems that operate in dynamic contexts. Method: GODA blends the power of CGM, RGM and probabilistic model checking to provide a formal requirements specification and verification solution. At design time, it can help with design and implementation decisions; at runtime it helps the system self-adapt by analyzing the different alternatives and selecting the one with the highest probability for the system to be dependable. GODA is integrated into TAO4ME, a state-of-the-art tool for goal modeling and analysis. Results: GODA has been evaluated against feasibility and scalability on Mobee: a real-life software system that allows people to share live and updated information about public transportation via mobile devices, and on larger goal models. GODA can verify, at runtime, up to two thousand leaf-tasks in less than 35ms, and requires less than 240 KB of memory. Conclusion: Presented results show GODA's design-time and runtime verification capabilities, even under limited computational resources, and the scalability of the proposed solution

Particulate Matter Exposure During Perinatal Life Results in Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Adult Male Rat Offspring

Background/Aims: Particulate matter (PM) is an important risk factor for immunological system imbalance due to its small size, which can reach more distal regions of the respiratory tract, independently of its chemical composition. Some studies have suggested that PM exposure is associated with an increased incidence of diabetes, especially in industrialized urban regions. However, studies regarding the effects of PM exposure during perinatal life on glucose metabolism are limited. We tested whether exposure to PM from an urban area with poor air quality during pregnancy and lactation could cause short- and long-term dysfunction in rat offspring. Methods: Samples of < 10 µm PM were collected in an urban area of Cotonou, Benin (West Africa), and reconstituted in corn oil. Pregnant Wistar rats received 50 µg PM/day by gavage until the end of lactation. After birth, we analyzed the dams’ biochemical parameters as well as those of their male offspring at 21 and 90 days of age. Results: The results showed that PM exposure did not lead to several consequences in dams; however, the male offspring of both ages presented an increase of approximately 15% in body weight. Although the blood glucose levels remained unchanged, the insulin levels were increased 2.5- and 2-fold in PM exposure groups of both ages, respectively. HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were also increased at both ages. We also demonstrated that the number, islet area and insulin immunodensity of pancreatic islets were significantly increased at both ages from PM exposure. Conclusion: Our data show that chronic PM exposure by the oral route during perinatal life in rats leads to glucose dyshomeostasis in male offspring both in early and later life. Thus, we suggest that an ambience with poor air quality, mainly where traffic is dense, can contribute to an increase in metabolic disease incidence

Selection of elephant grass genotypes for resistance to spittlebug

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar genótipos de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) quanto à resistência à cigarrinha-das-pastagens (Mahanarva spectabilis). Para avaliação da antibiose, aos trinta dias após o plantio, cada planta foi infestada com seis ovos próximos à eclosão, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 30 genótipos e dez repetições. Quarenta e cinco dias após a eclosão das ninfas, avaliou-se a porcentagem de sobrevivência do inseto-praga nos diferentes genótipos. Para avaliação da não-preferência, foram quantificados, quinzenalmente, o número e tamanho de ninfas por vaso, em plantas mantidas em casa de vegetação, onde adultos de M. spectabilis eram periodicamente liberados, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições por genótipo, em dois períodos de amostragem. Os genótipos Cameroon de Piracicaba, Pioneiro, Cuba 169, Santa Rita, Mineiro Ipeaco, Mercker Comum de Pinda e CNPGL 96-27-3 foram selecionados quanto à resistência, pelo mecanismo de antibiose. O número e o tamanho médio das ninfas variaram significativamente em razão do genótipo de capim-elefante, no estudo da não-preferência. Os genótipos Roxo de Botucatu e Pioneiro são candidatos à testemunha suscetível e resistente, respectivamente, pelo mecanismo de antibiose, e os genótipos Cameroon e Cameroon Piracicaba são promissores pelo mecanismo de não-preferência.The objective of this work was to evaluate genotypes of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) regarding resistance to the spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis. For antibiosis evaluation, each plant was infested with six eggs near hatching, thirty days after planting, in a completely randomized design with 30 genotypes and ten repetitions. Forty-five days after the nymphs hatched, the insect survival rate was evaluated on the different genotypes. For nonpreference mechanism evaluation, the size and number of the nymphs per pot were assessed every 15 days, in plants kept at greenhouse, where adults of M. spectabilis were periodically released, in a completely randomized design, with three repetitions per genotype in two sampling periods. Cameroon de Piracicaba, Pioneiro, Cuba 169, Santa Rita, Mineiro Ipeaco, Mercker Comum de Pinda and CNPGL 96-27-3 genotypes were selected for resistance, by antibiosis mechanism. In the study of the nonpreference mechanism, the number and average size of the nymphs varied significantly as a function of the elephant grass genotype. Roxo de Botucatu and Pioneiro genotypes are, respectively, susceptible and resistant check candidates by the antibiosis mechanism, and Cameroon and Cameroon Piracicaba genotypes are promising by the nonpreference mechanism

O processo morte/morrer de pacientes fora de possibilidade atuais de cura:: uma revisão integrativa

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto o processo de morte/morrer de pacientes fora de possibilidades terapêuticas atuais (FPTA) no ambiente domiciliar e suas implicações para o cuidado do outro. No presente estudo, realizamos uma revisão integrativa, sendo utilizado o banco de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) Usou a análise de conteúdo temático da qual emergiram as uma única unidade: reflexões sobre o processo de morte/morrer de pacientes fora de possibilidades terapêuticas atuais (fpta) no atendimento domiciliar; que se desdobrou em:Historiciando o Cuidado Domiciliar e seus Conceitos, A Evolução Social da Morte, O Processo de Morrer ”“ Implicações Afetivas, Processo Oncológico, Paciente Terminal ”“ “Aquele” Fora de Possibilidades Terapêuticas Atuais (FPTA) ”“ e Cuidados Paliativos, A Enfermagem diante do Processo de Morte e Morrer do Paciente Fora de Possibilidades Terapêuticas Atuais (FPTA). Os profissionais de enfermagem são os que mais tempo permanecem junto do paciente e também dos familiares, constituindo-se em verdadeiros elos, os principais responsáveis em promover a interação de todos os envolvidos e buscar por recursos que possibilitem à pessoa enferma melhor qualidade de vida

Search for new neutral Higgs bosons through the H → ZA→ ℓ+ℓ−b b ¯ process in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

This paper reports on a search for an extension to the scalar sector of the standard model, where a new CP-even (odd) boson decays to a Z boson and a lighter CP-odd (even) boson, and the latter further decays to a b quark pair. The Z boson is reconstructed via its decays to electron or muon pairs. The analysed data were recorded in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy s = 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC during 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. Data and predictions from the standard model are in agreement within the uncertainties. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section times branching fraction, with masses of the new bosons up to 1000 GeV. The results are interpreted in the context of the two-Higgs-doublet model. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

The top-antitop quark (t (t) over bar) production cross section is measured in proton-proton collisions at root s = 8 TeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.3 fb(-1). The measurement is performed by analysing events with a pair of electrons or muons, or one electron and one muon, and at least two jets, one of which is identified as originating from hadronisation of a bottom quark. The measured cross section is 239 +/- 2 (stat.) +/- 11 (syst.) +/- 6 (lum.) pb, for an assumed top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV, in agreement with the prediction of the standard model