Investigating Semantic Analysis on Figurative Language to a Movie Script: A Literature Case

The goal of this study is to discover out why movie scripts are frozen. The data used by the theoretician is from Keraf (2009). The goals of this study are to determine the categories of figurative language in frozen movie scripts and the prevalent classification of figurative language in frozen movie scripts. The researcher employs a descriptive qualitative method to describe and analyze figurative language that is being heard, and then classify it. Figurative language is the use of words in a non-traditional order and meaning to convey a complex meaning, colorful writing, clarity, or evocative contrast. Figurative language is a type of semantics; as we all know, semantics is the study of meaning; we may find figurative language in songs, novels, poems, and movies. The study focuses on kind metaphorical language in a frozen movie script. The researcher discovered several types of figurative in this study, including simile (5 sentences), metaphor (1 phrase), hyperbole (7 words), personification (5 sentences), metonymy (4 sentences), and litotes (3 sentences). The overall amount of sentences is 25, with exaggeration 7 sentences accounting up 28 percent of the total

The Comparison of Using Words between Enlightenment Online and Vietnamese Buddhist Temple

Vietnamese vocabulary is divided by different criteria, such as: word classes by origin; according to the scope of use; by using style and by positive and negative criteria, specifically, the native word class is the core class in Vietnamese vocabulary, which is a prop and plays a controlling role, controlling the activities of other word classes. Identifying a word as a native word is no easy task. Because Vietnamese has a common origin with Mon - Khmer languages. Therefore, there are words that still share common words. Finding the exact origin is extremely difficult, even for linguistic historians. In addition, the scope of words usage, the southern Buddhist press is heavily influenced by the Southern dialect, this is understandable because the writers (Buddhist reporters) often come from the South and one more thing is written for southern readers. In contrast, the current use of Buddhist jargon requires an exchange, that is: speaking of the Buddhist press language, it is impossible not to mention the word class (jargon) that has its own particularity. Buddhist jargon plays a tremendous role in preserving and promoting the values of Buddhism. It is inconceivable if the Buddhist language did not have these jargo

A STUDY ON CONTRASTIVE PARALLEL-STRUCTURED SENTENCES UNDER SEMANTIC FIELD PERSPECTIVE

Contrastive parallel-structured sentence (CPSS) was a traditionally artistic kind of Vietnamese literature, which was originated from the Chinese. The aims of this article is to investigate all kinds of the CPSS and the semantic field aspects inherently existing in it; adding that the article targets in what social occasions the Vietnamese use the CPSS the most. To have a deep insight into the semantic field aspects in the CPSS, the article has applied integrated methods such as descriptive method, analytical method and statistic method. In this article, the semantic field in the CPSS was showed, analyzed and discussed to reveal the application of linguistic units such as the phenomena of synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, fixed phrases and especially semantic field, adding that to show how words are exploited with the same semantic field

An Analysis of Idiomatic Expressions Found in Ed Sheeran’s Selected Lyrics Songs

This research is conducted in order to find our the idiomatic expressions used in the Ed Sheeran’s album songs entitled Divine. This research was done by using qualitative research which focused on content or document analysis. The songs from Ed Sheeran’s album, Divine, were chosen as the data source in this research. The data were analyzed by using the theory of Makkai (1972). The researchers browsed the song album from internet, seeking the script lyrics of the song, listening and transribing. After that, the analysis of the data covered reading, analyzing, identifying, classifying the types of idiomatics expressions found from the songs lyrics, and last was drawing conclusion. After analyzing the data, the researchers found that there were two idiomatic expressions depicted in the lyrics songs, they were phrasal verb idiom and 4 Tournure idiom. Phrasal verb idiom was the most dominant with 6 data (60%) and tournure idiom with 4 data (40%). &nbsp

空洞が存在する風化岩地盤の単杭の支持力特性とその評価

侵食や風化作用によって地盤内に形成される空洞は，構造物基礎の支持力低下を導き，構造物の安全性，健全性，耐久性に影響を与える。そのため，空洞が存在する地盤に対する基礎の設計法・対策法の確立が望まれている。特に，このことは化学的風化を受け易く，多くの空洞の存在が確認されている風化岩地盤では重要となる。現在，我が国では，風化岩地盤（カルスト地形）は国土面積の約0.44％を占め，特に沖縄県における海上構造物の建設時に多くの空洞の存在が確認されている。その他，東南アジアに位置するベトナムにおいても風化岩地盤が国土面積の約20％を占めており，人口増加と経済の急速な発展に伴って，そのような地域（特に北部，北中部）での開発が進められている。このような空洞を有する風化岩地盤の支持力動員メカニズムについては，地盤工学的にも未解明な点が多く，研究も限られている。本研究では，風化岩地盤内に埋設した単杭の支持力に対する空洞の影響を定量化し，杭の支持力動員度とそれに起因する空洞破壊のメカニズムを明らかにしている。本研究の目的を達成するために，一連の重力場の模型実験と数値解析を実施している。模型実験では，人工的に作製した空洞の位置を変化させ，風化岩地盤の地盤強度を想定した石膏模型地盤に対して単杭支持力実験を行っている。その後，模型実験の妥当性と杭の支持力動員機構を評価するために，本研究では2次元の離散要素法プログラムを使用した解析を行っている。一連の模型実験では，杭径dに対して空洞の位置を，d，2d，3d，4dに変化させた場合の杭の支持力動員度を明らかにしている。また，一連の数値解析では，連続体解析と比較して，不連続解析（離散要素法）では亀裂伝播が明瞭に再現されること，空洞の崩壊メカニズムが視覚的に表現できることを明らかにしている。これらの結果に基づいて，空洞位置の変化による支持力低減率を定量化し，杭基礎の適用における空洞の影響評価を行っている。また，空洞の存在が支持力に及ぼす影響深さは，杭径の4倍が限界距離であり，それ以上の深さに存在する空洞の影響は無視できること，また，その平面的な概形は，簡易的にダイヤモンド形状で表現できることを示している。研究の総括として，空洞が存在する場合の単杭の支持力設計手法を新たに提案している。The design and construction of foundations in easily weathered rocks have posed various challenges to geotechnical engineers. One challenge is the formation of cavities in limestone, dolomite due to the chemical weathering process. In Japan, karst topography occupies nearly 0.44% of the land area (1763.73 km2). Specifically, many large-scale caves were found during the geological survey when constructing sea embankments in Okinawa. In Vietnam, it occupies nearly 20% of the land area (approximately 60,000 km2), with some typical regions in the North and Northern Central of the country. Cavities can reduce the bearing capacity of foundations. Therefore, sudden failure is a constant threat to the safety of structures founded on the ground with cavities. This study aims to quantify the influence of the cavity on the pile bearing capacity through reduction factors and gain more insight into the failure mechanism of the area around the pile tip and cavity. A series of model tests was carried out on a small-scale single pile embedded in gypsum rock with predetermined cavities, thereafter, the numerical analysis was conducted. The studied model was simulated by the discrete element method (DEM) using the two-dimensional discontinuous program. Compared with continuum analysis, the DEM can simulate crack propagation. The reduction factor was calculated to quantify the cavity impact on the pile bearing capacity. The experimental and analytical results clearly show that reduction factors decrease with an increase in the depth from the pile tip to the cavity, and the pile capacity is significantly reduced when cavities are located close to the pile tip. The DEM simulation results visualized the cracks that appeared inside the rock mass and the collapse of the cavity roof area, which cannot be seen in the experiment. It revealed that the failure of the cavity roof was mainly caused by the cracks running from the pile tip to the upper corners of the cavity. The study also indicated a critical distance of 4 times pile diameter from the pile tip to the cavity that the influence of cavities to the pile is negligible. Finally, a framework was suggested to apply in pile foundation design in the ground with cavities. Although there were some quantitative differences, the numerical analysis could simulate the same tendency of reduction factors with the experiment. The combination of using experiments and DEM simulations can beneficially examine the influences of cavities on the pile behavior qualitatively and visually.室蘭工業大学 (Muroran Institute of Technology)博士（工学

Investigation on high-strength low alloy 0.35Cr-1.9Ni-0.55Mo steel deposited on 20Cr substrate by wire and arc-based directed energy deposition

This article aims to observe the microstructure, mechanical properties, and interface bonding of a 0.35Cr-1.9Ni-0.55Mo alloy deposited on 20Cr steel by wire and arc-based directed energy deposition (WA-DED). For this purpose, different characterization techniques such as optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and high-resolution X-ray diffractometer were used to analyze microstructure, chemical composition, and phases of the deposited material. Microhardness and tensile tests were also carried out. The results show that the microstructure of the deposited material is relatively homogeneous with a slight increase in grain size from the bottom to the top of the deposited part, thus resulting in a gradually decreasing trend in microhardness, from 288±16.78 HV0.1 (in the bottom) to 256±17.04 HV0.1 (in the top). The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is the hardest (301±2.70 HV0.1), while the substrate has the lowest microhardness (203±17.64 HV0.1). The tensile strengths of deposited materials are relatively isotropic in both the horizontal direction (HD) and vertical (VD) direction: UTSVD = 1013±9.29 MPa, USTHD = 985±24.58 MPa, YS(0.2%)VD = 570±4.51 MPa, and YS(0.2%)HD = 614±19.66 MPa. The tensile strengths of interface specimens are also comparable to those of the substrate materials (e.g., 951 vs. 972 MPa in UTS), indicating an excellent metallurgical bonding between the deposited and substrate materials. The results of this work confirm the efficiency of WA-DED technique to produce high-quality components in industr

Metallurgical Characterization of SS 316L Repurposed by Wire plus Arc Additive Manufacturing

This research aims to analyze the microstructures and mechanical characteristics of stainless steel (SS) 316L repurposed by wire plus arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The SS 316L wire is deposited on a SS 316 substrate, which can be repurposed. This deposited material underwent optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tensile test, and the results indicate that it features cellular and columnar dendrites at the bottom and equiaxial grains at the top. The tensile strength of the interface region between the deposited material (DM) and the base material (BM) is the highest (559 ± 4.16 MPa vs. 510 ± 4.93 MPa in DM and 540 ± 2.65 in BM), indicating that the BM and the deposited layers are strongly bonded. All the results from the defect observation, microstructures, and mechanical characteristics confirm the potential of the WAAM process for repurposing

A review on chemical profiles and biological activities of essential oil from some plants belonging to family Scrophulariaceae

Scrophulariaceae is a large family, many species of which have been reported to have a wide range of biological activities and uses as folk medicines. The essential oils from species belonging to this family mainly contain monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and non-terpenes. Furthermore, their essential oils have been reported to have a variety of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, insecticidal etc. The objective of this review is to provide a brief overview of the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils isolated from different parts of species included in the Scrophulariaceae family. In addition, this paper also introduces the therapeutic potentials and provides the evidence for future medicinal applications of those species

The Functions of Discourse Markers in Fairy Tale of Thumbelina by Hans Christian Andersen

The aim of this research is to investigate the use of discourse markers in written fairy tale. In order to achieve the aim of this research, the following objective is set to analyze the percentage and the functions of discourse markers in the fairy tale of Thumbelina. The approach to this research is qualitative as well as discourse analysis method was chosen for the analysis. After analyzing the data, the research found that total word count of the fairy tale of Thumbelina was 4,335, which was taken as the basis for calculating the frequency of each DM. Within 4,335 words 41 different DMs were identified, but the number of occurrences of each DM was quite different. Total number of all DMs occurrences was 415 which composed 10.44 % of the total word count. Taking into consideration functions of DMs, there were found 358 occurrences of DMs fulfilling textual functions and 57 occurrences of DMs in interpersonal functions. Based on the result, the percentage of occurrences of discourse markers are more frequent in the textual discourse markers (86, 3%) than interpersonal discourse markers (13, 7%)

Silvicultural Characteristics Of Dipterocarpus Rensus In Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam

Dipterocarpus rensus, a long-exploited species in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam, is currently documented with only 244 individuals observed across scattered locations within strictly protected natural forests. This study aimed to elucidate the distribution and silvicultural characteristics of D. rensus in Thai Nguyen, providing essential insights for the conservation and sustainable development of its genetic resources. Our findings underscore a sparse population of D. rensus in Thai Nguyen, primarily concentrated within National Parks and Conservation Areas. The species composition formula for the natural distribution of D. rensus encompasses diverse tree species, including Broussonetia papyrifera, Allospondias lakonensis Pierre, Choerospondias axillaris, Fagus sylvatica, Machilus velutina Champ, Canarium album, Engelhardtia chrysolepis, Peltophorum dasyrhachis, Alangium chinense, Vatica odorata, Duabanga grandiflora, Sargentodoxa cuneata, Amesiodendron chinense, and Nephelium chryseum. The regenerative seedling composition is dominated by pioneer, fast-growing species such as Broussonetia papyrifera, Allospondias lakonensis Pierre, Fagus sylvatica, Machilus velutina Champ, Zenia insignis, Engelhardtia chrysolepis, Archidendron clypearia, Pterospermum acerifolium Willd, Bischofia javanica, Vatica odorata, Duabanga grandiflora, Sargentodoxa cuneata, Broussonetia papyrifera, Aesculus assamica, and Amesiodendron chinense. The study highlights the poor regeneration ability of D. rensus, emphasizing the necessity for research on cultivation techniques to effectively conserve and harness the genetic resources of this valuable species