El diplomado su dinámica y diseño curricular. The diploma course: its dynamic and curricular design

Se realiza una investigación partiendo de la insuficiencia que presentan en la formación pedagógica los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna", con el propósito de contribuir al perfeccionamiento de la Educación Médica Superior, específicamente en el postgrado, al determinar la fundamentación teórica-pedagógica y didáctica para el proceso docente - educativo postgraduado de los profesionales de la Salud que ejercen función docente, que tome en cuenta su estructura y dinámica, el sistema de leyes que lo rigen y las regularidades que se manifiesten en este proceso en particular, a través del diseño de un programa de Diplomado en Ciencias de la Educación Médica Superior que tiende a eliminar todo carácter empírico. Se tomarán en consideración los métodos científicos de investigación: histórico, lógico, dialéctico, análisis documental, empíricos y sistémico-estructural entre otros. Se arriban a conclusiones y recomendaciones. DeCS: EDUCACIÓN MÉDICA, ESCUELAS MÉDICAS, DOCENCIA MÉDICA, PEDAGOGÍA. ABSTRACT A research paper was carried out considering the inadequacies present in the pedagogical training of the teaching staff at “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna” Medical School to contribute to the improvements of Higher Medical Education, specifically post-graduate education, determining the theoretical, pedagogical and didactic bases to the teaching-educational postgraduate process of the health professionals with the practice of teaching activities, taking into account its structure and dynamics, the system of laws to its function and the regularities that determine this process in particular, carrying it by means of a syllabus design for a Diploma course in Higher Medical Education; which course might tend to eliminate all of the empiric character. Scientific methods of research such as: historical, logical, dialectic, documentary analysis, empiric and systemic-structural were taken into consideration. Conclusions and recommendations were given. DeCS: Medical education; medical schools; medical teaching; pedagogy

El diplomado su dinámica y diseño curricular. The diploma course: its dynamic and curricular design

Se realiza una investigación partiendo de la insuficiencia que presentan en la formación pedagógica los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna", con el propósito de contribuir al perfeccionamiento de la Educación Médica Superior, específicamente en el postgrado, al determinar la fundamentación teórica-pedagógica y didáctica para el proceso docente - educativo postgraduado de los profesionales de la Salud que ejercen función docente, que tome en cuenta su estructura y dinámica, el sistema de leyes que lo rigen y las regularidades que se manifiesten en este proceso en particular, a través del diseño de un programa de Diplomado en Ciencias de la Educación Médica Superior que tiende a eliminar todo carácter empírico. Se tomarán en consideración los métodos científicos de investigación: histórico, lógico, dialéctico, análisis documental, empíricos y sistémico-estructural entre otros. Se arriban a conclusiones y recomendaciones. DeCS: EDUCACIÓN MÉDICA, ESCUELAS MÉDICAS, DOCENCIA MÉDICA, PEDAGOGÍA. ABSTRACT A research paper was carried out considering the inadequacies present in the pedagogical training of the teaching staff at “Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna” Medical School to contribute to the improvements of Higher Medical Education, specifically post-graduate education, determining the theoretical, pedagogical and didactic bases to the teaching-educational postgraduate process of the health professionals with the practice of teaching activities, taking into account its structure and dynamics, the system of laws to its function and the regularities that determine this process in particular, carrying it by means of a syllabus design for a Diploma course in Higher Medical Education; which course might tend to eliminate all of the empiric character. Scientific methods of research such as: historical, logical, dialectic, documentary analysis, empiric and systemic-structural were taken into consideration. Conclusions and recommendations were given. DeCS: Medical education; medical schools; medical teaching; pedagogy

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

Carbapenemases; High-risk clones; Whole genome sequencingCarbapenemasas; Clones de alto riesgo; Secuenciación del genoma completoCarbapenemases; Clons d'alt risc; Seqüenciació del genoma sencerObjectives: CARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain. Methods: In total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis. Results: In total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5). Conclusion: This study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3.This research was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (numbers PI18CIII/00030 and PI21CIII/00039). It was also supported by Plan Nacional de I + D + i 2013–2016, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (grants RD16CIII/0004/0002, RD16/0016/0001, RD16/0016/0003, RD16/0016/0004, RD16/0016/0006, RD16/0016/0007, RD16/0016/0008, RD16/0016/0010, and RD16/0016/0011). Cofinanced by the European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe,” Operative Program Intelligent Growth 2014–2020. CIBER – Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CB21/13/00095, CB21/13/00012, CB21/13/00049, CB21/13/00054, CB21/13/00055, CB21/13/00068, CB21/13/00081, CB21/13/00084, and CB21/13/00099) (CIBERINFEC) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea – NextGenerationEU also supported this work

Water-Repellent Fluoropolymer-Based Coatings

We would like to thank to the company TECNIMACOR S.L. (Córdoba, Spain) for the preparation of the coatings studied in this work.Fluoropolymer-based coatings are widely used for release applications. However, these hydrophobic surfaces do not reveal a significantly low adhesion. Water repellency incorporated to fluoropolymer coatings might enhance their release performance. In this work, we focused on the surface texturing of a well-known polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based coating. We explored as texturing routes: sanding, sandblasting and laser ablation. We examined the surface roughness with white light confocal microscopy and the surface morphology with environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Water-repellent fluoropolymer coatings were reproduced in all cases, although with different degree, parametrized with bounces of water drops (4–5 μL). Laser ablation enabled the lowest adhesion of coatings with 24 ± 2 bounces. This result and the current development of laser patterning for industry assure the incipient use of laser ablation for release coatings.The research was funded by the projects MAT2014-60615-R and MAT2017-82182-R, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO-FEDER)

Mild and short-term caloric restriction prevents obesity-induced cardiomyopathy in young zucker rats without changing in metabolites and fatty acids cardiac profile

Caloric restriction (CR) ameliorates cardiac dysfunction associated with obesity. However, most of the studies have been performed under severe CR (30-65% caloric intake decrease) for several months or even years in aged animals. Here, we investigated whether mild (20% food intake reduction) and short-term (2-weeks) CR prevented the obese cardiomyopathy phenotype and improved the metabolic profile of young (14 weeks of age) genetically obese Zucker fa/fa rats. Heart weight (HW) and HW/tibia length ratio was significantly lower in fa/fa rats after 2 weeks of CR than in counterparts fed ad libitum. Invasive pressure measurements showed that systolic blood pressure, maximal rate of positive left ventricle (LV) pressure, LV systolic pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure were all significantly higher in obese fa/fa rats than in lean counterparts, which were prevented by CR. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the increase in LV end-systolic volume, stroke volume and LV wall thickness observed in fa/fa rats was significantly lower in animals on CR diet. Histological analysis also revealed that CR blocked the significant increase in cardiomyocyte diameter in obese fa/fa rats. High resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of the LV revealed a global decrease in metabolites such as taurine, creatine and phosphocreatine, glutamate, glutamine and glutathione, in obese fa/fa rats, whereas lactate concentration was increased. By contrast, fatty acid concentrations in LV tissue were significantly elevated in obese fa/fa rats. CR failed to restore the LV metabolomic profile of obese fa/fa rats. In conclusion, mild and short-term CR prevented an obesity-induced cardiomyopathy phenotype in young obese fa/fa rats independently of the cardiac metabolic profile.This study was supported by grants from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (BFU2011-25303), Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III (CP15/00129), UCM groups (GR-921641), SESCAMET, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Fundación Eugenio Rodríguez Pascual and Fondos FEDER.Peer Reviewe

Role of particle size on the multicycle calcium looping activity of limestone for thermochemical energy storage

The calcium looping process, based on the reversible reaction between CaCO3 and CaO, is recently attracting a great deal of interest as a promising thermochemical energy storage system to be integrated in Concentrated Solar Power plants (CaL-CSP). The main drawbacks of the system are the incomplete conversion of CaO and its sintering-induced deactivation. In this work, the influence of particle size in these deactivation mechanisms has been assessed by performing experimental multicycle tests using standard limestone particles of well-defined and narrow particle size distributions. The results indicate that CaO multicycle conversion benefits from the use of small particles mainly when the calcination is carried out in helium at low temperature. Yet, the enhancement is only significant for particles below 15 μm. On the other hand, the strong sintering induced by calcining in CO2 at high temperatures makes particle size much less relevant for the multicycle performance. Finally, SEM imaging reveals that the mechanism responsible for the loss of activity is mainly pore-plugging when calcination is performed in helium, whereas extensive loss of surface area due to sintering is responsible for the deactivation when calcination is carried out in CO2 at high temperature

Study of elementary reactions with the hades dielectron spectrometer

Results obtained with the HADES dielectron spectrometer at GSI are discussed, with emphasis on dilepton production in elementary reactions.Díaz Medina, José, [email protected] ; Gil Ortiz, Alejandro, [email protected]

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3.

CARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain. Methods: In total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis. Results: In total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were bla OXA-48 (263/377), bla KPC-3 (62/377), bla VIM-1 (28/377), and bla NDM-1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5). Conclusion: This study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

Procedimientos de cambio e innovación en las organizaciones que apoyan a personas con discapacidad intelectual y discapacidades del desarrollo (VIII SAID). Salamanca, 4, 5 y 6 de abril de 2011

Se recogen las diferentes ponencias que fueron impartidas en el seminario por profesionales de reconocido prestigio en el campo de la discapacidad. Los objetivos del seminario fueron: proporcionar una visión actualizada de la situación de cambio en las organizaciones que trabajan con personas con discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo, reflexionar sobre el proceso de cambio organizacional, profundizar en la necesidad del cambio en las organizaciones, y dar a conocer algunas experiencias de cambio que se están llevando a cabo en diversas organizaciones que trabajan con estos colectivos

Procedimientos de cambio e innovación en las organizaciones que apoyan a personas con discapacidad intelectual y discapacidades del desarrollo (VIII SAID). Salamanca, 4, 5 y 6 de abril de 2011

Se recogen las diferentes ponencias que fueron impartidas en el seminario por profesionales de reconocido prestigio en el campo de la discapacidad. Los objetivos del seminario fueron: proporcionar una visión actualizada de la situación de cambio en las organizaciones que trabajan con personas con discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo, reflexionar sobre el proceso de cambio organizacional, profundizar en la necesidad del cambio en las organizaciones, y dar a conocer algunas experiencias de cambio que se están llevando a cabo en diversas organizaciones que trabajan con estos colectivos