Wild food plants traditionallly used in the province of Madrid, Central Spain.

[EN] This paper reports an ethnobotanical investigation, performed between 1999 and 2002, to determine the wild food plants traditionally used in the province of Madrid (central Spain). One hundred and twenty-three vascular species belonging to 31 families were at one time used as vegetables, wild fruits, in the making of beverages, as seasonings, or as other preparations. Wild vegetables formed the largest group, with Scolymus hispanicus, Silene vulgaris, and Rumex pulcher the most frequently cooked vegetables, and Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum and Montia fontana the most commonly used in salads. Also common was the consumption of asparagus and several species of climbing plants such as Bryonia dioica, Tamus communis, and Humulus lupulus. Ethnobotanical novelties included Sonchus crassifolius, the young sprouts of which were used in salads, and Inula salicina, used to make herbal tea. Some ecological and cultural aspects of the collection of wild plants for food are discussed, as well as the relationships between the food and medicinal uses of some species.[ES]PLANTAS SILVESTRES ALIMENTARIAS USADAS TRADICIONALMENTE EN LA PROVINCIA DE MADRID, CENTRO DE ESPAN˜ A. En este trabajo se exponen los resultados obtenidos en un estudio etnobota´nico, realizado entre 1999 y 2002, sobre las plantas silvestres usadas tradicionalmente en la alimentacio ´n en la regio´n de Madrid, en el centro de Espan˜a. Se ha registrado el uso de 123 especies vasculares, pertenecientes a 31 familias, incluyendo verduras, frutos silvestres, plantas utilizadas para elaborar bebidas, condimentarias y otros usos alimentarios de menor entidad. El grupo de verduras es el ma´s numeroso, destacando por su mayor frecuencia de uso Scolymus hispanicus, Silene vulgaris y Rumex pulcher como verdura cocinada, ası´ como Rorippa nasturtium- aquaticum y Montia fontana para elaborar ensaladas. Igualmente esta´ bastante extendido el consumo como espa´rragos de diversas especies de plantas trepadoras, como Bryonia dioica, Tamus communis y Humulus lupulus. Entre las novedades etnobota´nicas destacamos el consumo en ensalada de los brotes tiernos de Sonchus crassifolius y de Inula salicina como infusio´n digestiva. Se discuten finalmente algunos aspectos ecolo´gicos y culturales de la recoleccio ´n de plantas silvestres, ası´ como la relacio´n entre los usos alimentarios y medicinales de algunas especies.Peer reviewe

Alimentos silvestres de Madrid: Guía de plantas y setas de uso alimentario tradicional en Ia Comunidad de Madrid

Peer reviewe

Ponderación ML de parámetros en un sistema de reconocimiento de palabras basado en CDHMM

Speech dynamic feature are routinely used in current speech recognition systems in combination with short-term (static) spectral features. The aim of this paper is to propose a method to automatically estimate the optimum ponderation of static and dynamic features in a speech recognition system. The recognition system considered in this paper is based on Continuous-Density Hidden Markov Modelling (CDHMM) widely used in speech recognition. Our approach consists basically in 1) adding two new parameters for each state of each model that weight both kinds of speech features, and 2) estimating those parameters by means of a Maximum Likelihood training. Experimental results in speaker independent digit recognition show an important increase of recognition accuracy.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Extraction of solid lanoline from raw wool with near-critical ethanol-modified CO2 —A mass transfer model

This study deals with the modeling of the extraction of solid lanoline from raw wool under near-critical conditions using 5% ethanol in CO2, using our previous experimental data. A mass-transfer model is developed to explain the extraction results at T¿=¿30¿°C, below the melting point of lanoline (36–42¿°C). Two variables are studied, the extraction pressure and the solvent mass flowrate. Our model depends on three parameters: the solubilities of the two lanoline fractions and the lanoline mass transfer coefficient. The model is a set of first-order partial differential equations, that is solved by orthogonal collocation in combination of optimization of the parameters. The fluid-side mass-transfer coefficient decreases with extraction pressure and is about 5¿×¿10-6 m/s for Re < 1 (at 70–150¿bar) and depends on fluid velocity. The solubilities of lanoline fractions, independent of flowrate, agree very well with those previously reportedPostprint (published version

Changes in crevicular cytokines after application of melatonin in patients with periodontal disease

A clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effects of topical application of melatonin on the crevicular fluid levels of interleukins and prostaglandins and to evaluate changes in clinical parameters. A consecutive sample of 90 patients were recruited from the Health Centre of Pinos Puente in Granada, Spain and divided into 3 groups: 30 patients with diabetes and periodontal disease, who were given melatonin; 30 patients with diabetes and periodontal disease, who were given a placebo, and 30 healthy individuals with no history of systemic disease or clinical signs of periodontal disease, who were also given a placebo. The 30 patients with diabetes and periodontitis were treated with topical application of melatonin (1% orabase cream formula) for 20 days by. The rest of the patients with diabetes and periodontitis and healthy subjects were treated with a placebo of orabase cream. We measured the gingival index by exploring the percentage of standing teeth bleeding on probing. The periodontogram was performed with a Florida Probe. In the diabetic patients who were given topical melatonin, there was a statistically significant decrease in the two clinical parameters. By contrast, in diabetic patients who were given the topical placebo, there was no statistically significant variation. In patients with diabetes and periodontal disease, treatment with topical melatonin was associated with a significant improvement in the gingival index and in pocket depth, and a statistically significant reduction in concentrations of interleukin-1?, interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 in gingival crevicular fluid

Análisis y diseño tridimensional de elementos pretensados

Este proyecto muestra el análisis estructural de varias secciones de vigas prefabricadas de hormigón pretensado expuestas a esfuerzos de flexión, cortante y torsión. Las secciones de vigas que se analizan son: rectangular, rectangular hueca, Te, I y doble te. En el análisis a flexión se usan cables de pretensado rectos de alta resistencia, a una determinada excentricidad; para el análisis a torsión se usan dos trazados parabólicos con concavidades opuestas y a una separación establecida entre las parábolas, cada parábola contendrá uno o más cables de preesfuerzo necesarios para obtener una fuerza de pretensado aceptable tal que genere un momento torsor resistente. Y para el análisis a cortante se determina las secciones que no requieren acero de refuerzo por corte, de modo que no se requiera acero transversal ni longitudinal. De esta manera el único acero que intervine en los análisis son los cables de preesfuerzo. Para el análisis de las diferentes secciones se trabaja en programas de documentación técnica con prestaciones de cálculo numérico y simbólico, PTC Mathcad Prime. Estos análisis de trazado parabólico para torsión o flexión no es común en nuestro medio, por lo que hay investigar profundamente dichos trazados ya sea en postensado o pretensado, a fin de que torne conveniente y práctico el uso de este método.This project shows the structural analysis of various sections of prefabricated and pre-stressed concrete beams exposed to bending, shear and torsion. The beam sections analyzed are: rectangular, rectangular hollow, T, I, and double T. In the bending analysis, the cables used are straightprestressedof high strength, at a certain eccentricity; In the torsional analysis we use two parabolic paths with opposite concavities and an established separation between the parabolas, each parabola will sustain one or more pre-stressing cables necessary for an acceptable pre-tensioned force such that it will generate a resistant torque. And for the shear analysis we use the sections that do not require reinforcing steel by cutting, so that don´t transverse nor longitudinal steel is required. Thus the only steel that is required in the analysis are the pre-stressing cables. For the analysis of the different sections we work in technical documentation programs with numeric and symbolic computational presentations, PTC Mathcad Prime. These analyzes of parabolic path for torsion or bending are not common in our environment so these paths need to be deeply investigated either in post-tensioned or prestressed, so that the use of this method becomes convenient and practical.Ingeniero CivilCuenc

Evolución histórica de la morfología urbana en los altiplanos nororientales de la provincia de Granada

Para conocer la esencia y la identidad de los diferentes asentamientos urbanos, los patrones morfológicos son tan importantes como los económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales. Por ese motivo, a continuación se va a analizar la evolución histórica de los asentamientos de las comarcas de Baza y Huéscar, desde sus orígenes, sus sucesivas transformaciones, e identificando y diseccionando sus variados componentes. El particular devenir histórico, los condicionantes del medio natural, y las determinadas formas de vida, en esta zona, han quedado plasmadas en la morfología urbana de sus pueblos y ciudades. Es decir, el solapamiento en asentamientos de diversas culturas y usos etnográficos ha generado diversas morfologías y paisajes construidos, de gran valor identitario, ambiental e histórico. Pero la globalización ignora la cultura local, el paisaje urbano, transformando en confuso a este último, por lo que es preciso una valoración social y un planeamiento urbano adecuado para su preservación en el tiempo.To know the essence and the identity of the different urban settlements, morphological patterns are so important as the financial ones, social, politicians and cultural. For that reason, we have to analyze the historical evolution of the regions’ settlements of Baza and Huéscar, from its origin, successive transformations, and identifying and dissecting its varied ingredients. The particular history, natural factors, and determined forms of life, in this zone, have been reflected in the urban morphology of his villages and cities. That is, the overlap in settlements of several cultures and ethnographical uses has generated several morphologies and built landscapes, of great value environmental and historic. But the globalization ignores the local culture, the cityscape, transforming in confusing to this last one, which is why is precise a social assessment and a urban planification suitable for its preservation

Experimental colonization of Ulva spp. with algal-epiphytic antagonistic bacteria as a strategy for pathogen control in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture recirculating systems

Probiotics are a potential tool for bacterial control in aquaculture (Pintado et al. 2011), decreasing the use of disinfectants and antibiotics and contributing to an ecosystem approach, which is more sustainable and respectful to the environment.Postprint (published version