Teaching History in High School: an inside look at the classroom

¿Cómo se conforman las prácticas docentes de enseñanza de la Historia en la escuela secundaria? ¿Qué distancias y distorsiones existen entre las prescripciones curriculares y las prácticas pedagógicas de las escuelas? Este artículo retoma el trabajo de investigación de mi tesis de maestría y considera algunos matices condicionantes de la enseñanza de la Historia en el actual escenario de la escuela secundaria. En función de aproximarse al currículo real de las escuelas, se incluyen algunos registros de observaciones de clases y testimonios de docentes que expresan sus enfoques, estrategias, obstáculos y dudas en relación a los criterios para la enseñanza de esta disciplina escolar. Se analizan particularmente los propósitos, y las actividades que se enuncian, se sugieren y se practican cotidianamente en las aulas. Finalmente, se señalan áreas de vacancia y la potencia de ciertas prácticas docentes a las que la producción de conocimiento didáctico debería atender.How are teaching practices of History education in high school formed? What are the existing differences and distortions between the curricular prescriptions and the pedagogical practices in schools? This article reassumes the research work of my master’s degree dissertation and considers some of the conditioning nuances of History education in the current setting of high school. In an attempt to approach the real curriculum in schools, some records of classroom observations and testimonies of teachers are included, who express their approaches, strategies, obstacles and concerns regarding the criteria for teaching this school subject. In addition, the purposes and activities stated, suggested and practised daily in the classroom are analysed. To conclude, vacancy areas and the strength of certain teaching practices which should be addressed by the production of didactic knowledge are pointed out.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Legal study about the authorization or ratification of administrative health measures limiting fundamental rights and freedoms

RESUMEN: Antes de dar inicio al excurso relativo al procedimiento de autorización o ratificación de medidas sanitarias en sede de derechos y libertades fundamentales, es necesario apuntar unos datos previos. La vorágine normativa desarrollada desde el estallido de la pandemia y el establecimiento del estado de alarma en el 2020, hizo perder la noción respecto a los cauces por los que discurrían la toma de decisiones por parte de las distintas administraciones en el orden social. Este trabajo viene, de una manera humilde, a realizar un acercamiento a esos cauces. Refiriéndonos en concreto a la normativa y a la situación ordinaria, fuera por tanto del ordenamiento del estado de alarma, al que no nos referiremos.Máster en Acceso a la Profesión de Abogad

Vascular Accesses for Haemodialysis in the Upper Arm Cause Greater Reduction in the Carotid-Brachial Stiffness than Those in the Forearm: Study of Gender Differences

Purpose. To evaluate in chronically haemodialysed patients (CHPs), if: (1) the vascular access (VA) position (upper arm or forearm) is associated with differential changes in upper limb arterial stiffness; (2) differences in arterial stiffness exist between genders associated with the VA; (3) the vascular substitute (VS) of choice, in biomechanical terms, depends on the previous VA location and CHP gender. Methods. 38 CHPs (18 males; VA in upper arm: 18) were studied. Left and right carotid-brachial pulse wave velocity (PWVc-b) was measured. In in vitro studies, PWV was obtained in ePTFE prostheses and in several arterial and venous homografts obtained from donors. The biomechanical mismatch (BM) between CHP native vessel (NV) and VS was calculated. Results/Conclusions. PWVc-b in upper limbs with VA was lower than in the intact contralateral limbs (P < 0.05), and differences were higher (P < 0.05) when the VA was performed in the upper arm. Differences between PWVc-b in upper limbs with VA (in the upper arm) with respect to intact upper limbs were higher (P < 0.05) in males. Independently of the region in which the VA was performed, the homograft that ensured the minimal BM was the brachial artery. The BM was highly dependent on gender and the location in the upper limb in which the VA was performed

Comparative analysis of arterial stiffness non invasively evaluated in hemodialyzed patients

pacientes hemodializados se producen en vasos elásticos y musculares pero sólo la Velocidad de la Onda del Pulso (VOP) aórtica ha demostrado ser un índice de alto valor pronóstico. Lo cual deja de lado a las arterias musculares. Los objetivos del estudio fueron: a) medir la VOP aórtica y la carotido-radial de pacientes hemodializados, y b) repetir el análisis anterior en la misma cohorte 5 años después, comparando cuatro índices diferentes de rigidez arterial. Material y métodos: a 23 pacientes hemodializados se les evaluó la VOP aórtica (VOPcf), la carotido-radial (VOPcr) y se calculó: la VOP centro-periférica (VOPcp), la diferencia (ΔVOP), el desacople de VOP y su cambio porcentual (%VOP). Las evaluaciones se hicieron en 2007 (Tiempo 1) y en 2012 (Tiempo 2). Resultados: La VOPcp mostró un aumento significativo entre la evaluación realizada entre el Tiempo 1 y el 2 (de 1.1±0.3 a 1.4±0.4; p<0.01). En los mismos tiempos ΔVOP mostró que los valores se incrementaban en términos negativos (de -0.9±3.0 a -2.7±2.9; p<0.05). El desacople de la rigidez centro-periférica mostró un significativo aumento (valores negativos) entre el Tiempo 1 y 2 (de 0.0±0.1 a -0.1±0.1; p<0.02). El %VOP ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LA RIGIDEZ ARTERIAL EVALUADA EN FORMA NO INVASIVA EN PACIENTES HEMODIALIZADOS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS NON INVASIVELY EVALUATED IN HEMODIALYZED PATIENTS Cinthia Galli (1,2), Rodolfo Valtuille (3), Maia Daniela Percunte (2), Nahuel Hernán Carrizo (2), Daniel Bia (4), Ricardo Armentano (1,2), Edmundo Cabrera Fischer (1,2) 1) Área de Investigación y Desarrollo Universidad de Favaloro (AIDUF), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 2) Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Buenos Aires 3) Fresenius FME Burzaco, Buenos Aires 4) Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay Nefrología, Diálisis y Trasplante 2016; 36 (1) Pág. 26-33 entre ambas mediciones (valores negativos) mostró un significativo aumento (de -4.8±22.0 a -21.5±24.2; p<0.05). Conclusiones: en la presente investigación los índices de rigidez obtenidos en pacientes hemodializados, incluyendo arterias tanto elásticas y musculares, mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas cuando se compararon dos mediciones separadas por cinco años. Sin embargo los niveles de significación no fueron similares.Objectives: Changes in arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients occur both, in elastic and muscular vessels but only the aortic Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) has demonstrated to be a high prognostic value index, however, muscular arteries are not involved in the aortic PWV measurement. The purpose of this research was: a) to evaluate the aortic and carotid-radial PWV of hemodialysis patients, b) to repeat these measurements in the same cohort after 5 years comparing four different arterial stiffness indexes. Methods: 23 hemodialyzed patients carotid-femoral PWV (PWVcf) and carotidradial (PWVcr) were evaluated and calculations were as follows: PWV ratio, PWV difference (/ PWV), PWV mismatch and PWV percentage change (%PWV). These evaluations were performed using data obtained in 2007 (Time 1) and 2012 (Time 2). Results: PWV ratio showed a significant increase between measurements performed in Time 1 and 2 (from 1.1±0.3 to 1.4±0.4; p≤0.01). Similar increases in negative terms were found when /PWV was calculated from -0.9±3.0 to -2.7±2.9; p≤0.05) Calculated values of PWV mismatch increased significantly (negative values) between Time 1 and 2 (from 0.0±0.1 to -0.1±0.1; p≤0.02) Percent changes of PWV between Time 1 and 2 (negative values) showed a significant increase (from -4.8±22.0 to -21.5±24.2; p≤0.05). Conclusions: Stiffness indexes, obtained in hemodialyzed patients including both elastic and muscular arteries used in this research showed statistically significant differences when two measures with 5 years interval were compared. However significance levels were not similar.Fil: Galli, Cintia Nora. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro. Área de Investigación y Desarrollo; ArgentinaFil: Valtuille, Rodolfo. Fresenius Medical Care Burzaco; ArgentinaFil: Percunte, Maia Daniela. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Carrizo, Nahuel Hernán. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Bia, Daniel. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Armentano, Ricardo Luis. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro. Área de Investigación y Desarrollo; ArgentinaFil: Cabrera Fischer, Edmundo Ignacio. Universidad Favaloro. Área de Investigación y Desarrollo; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Infection by the hepatitis C virus in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis in Mato Grosso state, central Brazil: a cohort study

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant problem for patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy. This situation has never been studied in Mato Grosso state, central Brazil. This study was conducted aiming to estimate the prevalence of the anti-HCV and the incidence of seroconversion in the main metropolitan region of the state. METHODS: 433 patients from the six hemodialysis units were interviewed and anti-HCV was tested by a third-generation enzyme immunoassay. An open cohort of patients who tested negative for anti-HCV at the entry of the study was created and seroconversions was assessed monthly. The staff responsible for the units were interviewed to assess whether the infection control measures were being followed. Logistic and Cox regression analysis were performed in order to assess risk factor to HCV. RESULTS: The entry on the study took place between January 2002 and June 2005. 73 out of 433 (16.9%, CI95%: 13.3–20.8) was found to be anti-HCV reactive. The multivariate analysis indicated as risk factors associated to anti-HCV the duration of the hemodialysis treatment, the number of transfusions received, and the unit of treatment. An open cohort of 360 patients who tested negative for anti-HCV was created, with a following average of 24 (± 15) months. Forty seroconversions were recorded corresponding to an incidence density of 4.6/1000 patient-months, ranges 0 to 30 among the units. Cox regression indicated the time of hemodialysis (RR = 2.2; CI95%: 1.1–4.6; p < 0.05) and the unit where treatment was performed (RR = 42.4; CI95%: 9.9–180.5; p < 0.05) as risk factors for seroconversion. The three units with highest anti-HCV prevalence and incidence were identified as those that more frequently failed to apply control measures. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated high prevalence and incidence of anti-HCV in some of the hemodialysis units. Time on hemodialysis therapy was an independent factor associated to HCV. Blood transfusion was associated with anti-HCV in initial survey but was not important in incident cases. Failure of applying control meaures was more evident in units with the highest HCV prevalence and incidence. The results suggest that nosocomial transmission was the main spread factor of HCV in the studied population

Micromechanical Properties of Injection-Molded Starch–Wood Particle Composites

The micromechanical properties of injection molded starch–wood particle composites were investigated as a function of particle content and humidity conditions. The composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The microhardness of the composites was shown to increase notably with the concentration of the wood particles. In addition,creep behavior under the indenter and temperature dependence were evaluated in terms of the independent contribution of the starch matrix and the wood microparticles to the hardness value. The influence of drying time on the density and weight uptake of the injection-molded composites was highlighted. The results revealed the role of the mechanism of water evaporation, showing that the dependence of water uptake and temperature was greater for the starch–wood composites than for the pure starch sample. Experiments performed during the drying process at 70°C indicated that the wood in the starch composites did not prevent water loss from the samples.Peer reviewe

About Spain’s foundation: historical and juridical study, since the Catholic Kings modern state until bourbons’ centralism

Grado en Derech