Seguiu-nos: estratègies de captura de tuits en català

Twitter és una eina de microblogging utilitzada arreu del món per generar i compartir informació. La comunitat catalana la utilitza des del Govern fins als mitjans de comunicació, passant per persones amb diferent formació i estils de vida. No obstant això, a dia d'avui, a Catalunya, hi ha poques actuacions clares per preservar-la des d'una perspectiva de gestió bibliotecodocumental de Catalunya. Aquest article proposa una estratègia de captura de tuits per a la Biblioteca de Catalunya, que inclou criteris de selecció, metadades de preservació i previsions de creixement. Metodologia: S'analitzen els aspectes legals i tecnològics del Twitter, de la informació de l'arxiu Twitter de la Library of Congress, del portal amb estadístiques Twiter'n'Català i del PADICAT (Patrimoni Digital de Catalunya), per descriure l'estat de la qüestió de les possibilitats de preservació dels tuits que té la Biblioteca de Catalunya. Resultats: Els resultats recollits mostren que actualment fer servir una única eina no és suficient per filtrar, capturar i preservar els tuits. Els requeriments d'una institució que té com a objectiu la preservació a llarg termini fan semblar insuficients les eines existents a Internet. No obstant això, la necessitat d'actuar immediatament per no perdre el patrimoni digital fa que s'hagi d'actuar amb les eines i els recursos disponibles. Amb una combinació d'eines existents es poden millorar les estratègies de captura de tuits actuals

La gestió de la identitat digital: una nova habilitat informacional i digital

Objectius. Descriure la identitat digital a la xarxa i apuntar els avantatges d'una presència en línia gestionada eficaçment, així com els principals esculls d'una identitat no homogènia. Alhora, es pretén situar la gestió de la identitat digital com una nova habilitat fonamental en el marc de les habilitats informacionals i digitals i aportar exemples reals d'identitats personals a Internet. Metodologia. Anàlisi de casos i bibliografia existent. Resultats. La visibilitat, la reputació i la privacitat a Internet esdevenen aspectes clau per a la gestió eficaç d'una identitat digital. L'habilitat de gestionar la identitat virtual no és quelcom instrumental sinó que té a veure amb un aprenentatge al llarg de la vida i un aprofundiment en la cultura digital necessària per al ciutadà que viu en la societat xarxa.Peer Reviewe

Trophic relationships among cephalopod species along the water column inferred from stomach contents and stable isotope analyses

It is well known that cephalopods play a key role in the marine food webs, either as voracious predators or important prey of a large set of predators. In this study we investigated the trophic relationships among cephalopod species taken along the water column by means of stomach content and stable isotope analyses. With the main aim of determining if there are fluxes of matter between nectobenthic and pelagic domains mediated by cephalopods, we analysed different aspects such as diet composition, niche breadth, diet overlap and day-night feeding rhythms from samplings conducted in the western Mediterranean. Samples were collected on the shelf (200 m depth, bathymetric stratum 1) and slope (600-900 m, bathymetric stratum 2) during summer and autumn surveys. At the shelf bathymetric stratum, sampling was carried out at: 1) near surface (SUR1) from 0-60 m; 2) in the benthic boundary layer (BBL1), less than 50 m above the bottom; and 3) on the bottom (BOT1). At the slope bathymetric stratum, sampling was performed at: 1) near surface (SUR2) from 0-80 m; 2) in the 400-600 m deep scattering layers (DSL); and 3) on the bottom (BOT2). For comparative purposes, a few hauls were also performed near the bottom in this stratum (BBL2). In all cases, SUR, BBL and DSL samplings were performed using a mid-water trawl, while the BOT samplings were obtained using a bottom trawl. The stomachs of all cephalopod individuals caught in these samplings were analyzed, with the only exception of a few cases where random samples were taken owing to the large amount of available material. Whenever possible, a sample of three individuals per species was collected for stable isotope analyses. A total of 1286 stomachs from 26 cephalopod species belonging to 12 Families were analyzed. Although the percentage of empty stomachs was slightly higher in autumn (48%) than in summer (41%), this pattern was not general for all species. Significant diet overlap (Schoener index>0.6) was only found for a reduced number of species (Abralia veranyi vs Histioteuthis reversa vs Sepietta oweniana; and Heteroteuthis dispar vs Rondeletiola minor). Levins’ standardized niche breadth was lowest for Loligo forbesi (0.022) and highest for Pteroctopus tetracirrhus (0.720); for all other species this index ranged from 0.118 to 0.639. In most species diet composition changed with season, and, in general, prey diversity was higher in summer than in autum

Narrow Diameter Dental Implants as an Alternative Treatment for Atrophic Alveolar Ridges. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To determine the marginal bone loss and the survival, success and failure rates of narrow dental implants, a systematic literature search was carried out in the MEDLINE (Pubmed), Cochrane, Scopus, and Scielo databases for articles published between 2010 and 2021. The exclusion criteria were: systematic reviews, case reports, expert opinions; animal studies; samples of less than 10 subjects; follow-up periods of less than 36 months; smokers of minimum 10 cigarettes/day; and articles about mini-implants for orthodontic anchorage. Meta-analyses were performed to assess marginal bone loss and implant survival, success, and failure rates. Fifteen studies were included: 7 clinical trials, 3 randomized clinical trials, 3 cohort studies, and 2 case series. The total number of subjects was 773, in whom 1245 implants were placed. The survival rate for the narrow diameter implants was 97%, the success rate 96.8%, and the failure rate 3%. Marginal bone loss was 0.821 mm. All these data were evaluated at 36 months. Based on the literature, it can be considered that there is sufficient evidence to consider small diameter implants a predictable treatment option. These show favorable survival and success rates and marginal bone loss. All of them are comparable to those of standard diameter dental implants

Structure and dynamics of cephalopod assemblages in the water column on shelf-break and slope grounds of the western Mediterranean

The structure and dynamics of cephalopod assemblages in different bathymetric strata from the surface to bottom grounds, down to a depth of 900 m, in the western Mediterranean, were analysed. Data were collected both on the shelf-break and slope during the summer and early autumn surveys, using a midwater trawl and a bottom trawl gear, to catch pelagic and nektobenthic species, respectively. The pelagic tows were not random, but targeted at the strongest and widest acoustic sound layers. A total of 26 cephalopod species belonging to 12 families were collected. With regard to the abundance, biomass and frequency of occurrence, we did not find a common seasonal trend for all the species, suggesting that their population dynamics are not governed by major environmental drivers. Most assemblage metrics (e.g., diversity, species richness, abundance and biomass) showed similar, low values in the pelagic layers compared to the bottom grounds. In general, assemblage metrics were lower in summer than in autumn on the shelf-break, while showing an inverse seasonal trend on the slope. There was a clear general increase in all metrics during the night compared to the day. Cluster results revealed differences in diel migratory strategies by stratum, vertical movements being scarce in the shelf-break species, but intense in the slope species.En prensa2,65

Uncommon pelagic and deep-sea cephalopods in the Mediterranean: new data and literature review

Compared with their shelf-living relatives, the biology and ecology of most pelagic and deep-sea cephalopods are presently relatively little known because of the difficulty in catching them. To compensate for the lack of information regarding these cephalopods, scientists have had to make use of the limited and fragmentary data gathered from different sources, such as sporadic captures, strandings or stomach contents of their predators. In this study, we provide some biological and ecological information on eleven uncommon pelagic and deep-sea cephalopods collected over more than fifteen years of fishery surveys in the western Mediterranean Sea. The cephalopods investigated include two epipelagic octopuses (Ocythoe tuberculata and Tremoctopus violaceus), one deep-sea cirrate octopus (Opisthoteuthis calypso), the sepiolid Stoloteuthis leucoptera and seven teuthoid species inhabiting, preferentially, the mesopelagic and bathypelagic waters (Abraliopsis morisii, Ancistrocheirus lesueurii, Brachioteuthis riisei, Chiroteuthis veranyi, Chtenopteryx sicula, Onychoteuthis banksii and Taonius pavo). Although all of these species are either cosmopolitan or present a wide distribution in other oceans, they are nevertheless relatively rare in catches, and therefore, remain lesser known. The finding of T. pavo represents the first record of this cephalopod in the Mediterranean watersPublicado

Are pelagic cephalopods in the Mediterranean as abundant as suggests the stomach contents of their predators?

Final workshop IDEADOS: The wrapping up of the IDEADOS project, International Workshop on Environment, Ecosystems and Demersal Resources and fisheries, 14-16 November 2012, Palma de Mallorca, SpainPeer reviewe

Elasmobranch spatial segregation in the western Mediterranean

Basic information on the distribution and habitat preferences of ecologically important species is essential for their management and protection. This study focuses on the depth related trends and the geographic patterns that shape the community of the elasmobranch species in the Balearic Islands (Mediterranean Sea) using data collected from 2001 to 2009. Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) ordination was used to detect zonation patterns in the community. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) were applied to analyse spatial and temporal variation in elasmobranch community descriptors (abundance, biomass, mean fish weight, number of species and diversity), as well as the abundance and mean length of the four individual species (S. canicula, G. melastomus, R. clavata, R. miraletus). Depth was the main factor determining the assemblage composition, and the MDS analysis identified four main groups with 60% of the similarity found to correspond to the continental shelf, shelf break, upper slope and middle slope of the surveyed area. GAM analysis identified spatial patterns that were independent of the bathymetric distribution preference. Although depth was a strong predictor for all the analyses performed, the geographic variation in the elasmobranch abundance was also important. The results also show a reduction in the mean length of the elasmobranch species in the areas with high fishing intensity. Our study evidences a clear spatial segregation of the main species throughout the ontogeny because the geographic and bathymetric effects were highly size dependent, with clear differences between the bathymetric distributions of juveniles and adults but no clear spatial overlapping. This study sheds new light on the spatial distribution of the elasmobranch species off the Balearic Islands, which is essential information for protecting marine organisms along with their habitats and promoting ecosystem based managementPublicado

Prediction and Monitoring of Partial Remission in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes

[EN] The partial remission (PR) phase, a period experienced by most patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) soon after diagnosis, is characterized by low insulin requirements and improved glycemic control. Given the great potential of this phase as a therapeutic window for immunotherapies because of its association with immunoregulatory mechanisms and beta-cell protection, our objective was to find peripheral immunological biomarkers for its better characterization, monitoring, and prediction. The longitudinal follow-up of 17 pediatric patients with new-onset T1D over one year revealed that, during the PR phase, remitter patients show increased percentages of effector memory (EM) T lymphocytes, terminally differentiated EM T lymphocytes, and neutrophils in comparison to non-remitter patients. On the contrary, remitter patients showed lower percentages of naive T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (T-REG), and dendritic cells (DCs). After a year of follow-up, these patients also presented increased levels of regulatory B cells and transitional T1 B lymphocytes. On the other hand, although none of the analyzed cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TGF-beta 1, IL-17A, and IL-10) could distinguish or predict remission, IL-17A was increased at T1D diagnosis in comparison to control subjects, and remitter patients tended to maintain lower levels of this cytokine than non-remitters. Therefore, these potential monitoring immunological biomarkers of PR support that this stage is governed by both metabolic and immunological factors and suggest immunoregulatory attempts during this phase. Furthermore, since the percentage of T-REG, monocytes, and DCs, and the total daily insulin dose at diagnosis were found to be predictors of the PR phase, we next created an index-based predictive model comprising those immune cell percentages that could potentially predict remission at T1D onset. Although our preliminary study needs further validation, these candidate biomarkers could be useful for the immunological characterization of the PR phase, the stratification of patients with better disease prognosis, and a more personalized therapeutic management.Funding for this study was provided by the Spanish Government (FIS PI18/00436) co-financed with the European Regional Development funds (FEDER), and by DiabetesCero Foundation. LGM is supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (PERIS PIF-Salut Grant No. SLT017/20/000049). This work has been supported by positive discussion through Consolidated Research Group #2017 SGR 103, AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya

Immunoregulatory Biomarkers of the Remission Phase in Type 1 Diabetes : miR-30d-5p Modulates PD-1 Expression and Regulatory T Cell Expansion

The partial remission (PR) phase of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an underexplored period characterized by endogenous insulin production and downmodulated autoimmunity. To comprehend the mechanisms behind this transitory phase and develop precision medicine strategies, biomarker discovery and patient stratification are unmet needs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression and modulate several biological processes, functioning as biomarkers for many diseases. Here, we identify and validate a unique miRNA signature during PR in pediatric patients with T1D by employing small RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR. These miRNAs were mainly related to the immune system, metabolism, stress, and apoptosis pathways. The implication in autoimmunity of the most dysregulated miRNA, miR-30d-5p, was evaluated in vivo in the non-obese diabetic mouse. MiR-30d-5p inhibition resulted in increased regulatory T cell percentages in the pancreatic lymph nodes together with a higher expression of CD200. In the spleen, a decrease in PD-1 + T lymphocytes and reduced PDCD1 expression were observed. Moreover, miR-30d-5p inhibition led to an increased islet leukocytic infiltrate and changes in both effector and memory T lymphocytes. In conclusion, the miRNA signature found during PR shows new putative biomarkers and highlights the immunomodulatory role of miR-30d-5p, elucidating the processes driving this phase