Lorenz gauged vector potential formulations for the time-harmonic eddy-current problem with L∞-regularity of material properties

In this paper we consider some Lorenz gauged vector potential formulations of the eddy-current problem for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations with material properties having only L1-regularity. We prove that there exists a unique solution of these problems, and we show the convergence of a suitable finite element approximation scheme. Moreover, we show that some previously proposed Lorenz gauged formulations are indeed formulations in terms of the modified magnetic vector potential, for which the electric scalar potential is vanishing

A well-posed variational formulation of the Neumann boundary value problem for the biharmonic operator

In this note we devise and analyze a well-posed variational formulation of the Neumann boundary value problem associated to the biharmonic operator $\Delta^2$.Comment: 14 page

Numerical approximation of partial differential equations

This is the softcover reprint of the very popular hardcover edition. This book deals with the numerical approximation of partial differential equations. Its scope is to provide a thorough illustration of numerical methods, carry out their stability and convergence analysis, derive error bounds, and discuss the algorithmic aspects relative to their implementation. A sound balancing of theoretical analysis, description of algorithms and discussion of applications is one of its main features. Many kinds of problems are addressed. A comprehensive theory of Galerkin method and its variants, as wel

Mixed finite element approximation of eddy current problems

Finite element approximations of eddy current problems that are entirely based on the magnetic field H are haunted by the need to enforce the algebraic constraint curl H=0 in non‐conducting regions. As an alternative to techniques employing combinatorial Seifert (cutting) surfaces, in order to introduce a scalar magnetic potential we propose mixed multi‐field formulations, which enforce the constraint in the variational formulation. In light of the fact that the computation of cutting surfaces is expensive, the mixed finite element approximation is a viable option despite the increased number of unknown

Coercive domain decomposition algorithms for advection-diffusion equations and systems

Two families of non-overlapping coercive domain decomposition methods are proposed for the numerical approximation of advection dominated advection-diffusion equations and systems. Convergence is proven for both the continuous and the discrete problem. The rate of convergence of the first method is shown to be independent of the number of degrees of freedom. Several numerical results are presented, showing the efficiency and robustness of the proposed iterative algorithms

On the proof of Taylor's conjecture in multiply connected domains

In this Letter we extend the proof, by Faraco and Lindberg (2020), of Taylor's conjecture in multiply connected domains to cover arbitrary vector potentials and remove the need to impose restrictions on the magnetic field to ensure gauge invariance of the helicity integral. This extension allows us to treat general magnetic fields in closed domains that are important in laboratory plasmas and brings closure to a conjecture whose resolution has been open for almost 50 years. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Utilization of 340b Program in a Rural Hospital

Introduction: The 340B is a federal program that provides eligible rural hospitals, providers, and clinics the capability to purchase medications at reduced prices for outpatient use. Enrollment in the 340B program requires drug manufacturers to supply covered healthcare entities and eligible healthcare organizations medications at substantially reduced prices and has allowed covered entities to extend federal resources by offering more comprehensive services and reaching more of the vulnerable populations. The purpose of this research study was to examine utilization of 340B program within provider based clinics of a university medical school affiliated with a rural hospital to assess the benefits and barriers of its utilization. Methodology: The methodology for this study was a literature review complemented with a semi-structured interview of an expert in 340B program. Seven electronic databases were utilized with a total of 21 sources referenced for this review. Results: The type and volume of care provided in rural areas has been expanded as a result of the 340B program leading to median savings of $10,000 per month in prescription purchases. Pharmacy savings have ranged from$600 to $158,000 per month depending upon whether chemotherapy was available on an outpatient basis or not. In 2010, total cost of drug discounts equaled$6 billion dollars, and has been projected to be $12 billion by 2016 with a discount range between 30% to 50%. Discussion/Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the benefits in the types and volume of services provided outweigh the barriers of maintaining separate drug inventories and difficulties in the management of the outpatient pharmacy that include audits at the state and federal levels as well as audits from pharmaceutical manufacturers

The Cucumber vein yellowing virus silencing suppressor P1b can functionally replace HCPro in Plum pox virus infection in a host-specific manner

[EN] Plant viruses of the genera Potyvirus and Ipomovirus (Potyviridae family) use unrelated RNA silencing suppressors (RSS) to counteract antiviral RNA silencing responses. HCPro is the RSS of Potyvirus spp., and its activity is enhanced by the upstream P1 protein. Distinctively, the ipomovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) lacks HCPro but contains two P1 copies in tandem (P1aP1b), the second of which functions as RSS. Using chimeras based on the potyvirus Plum pox virus (PPV), we found that P1b can functionally replace HCPro in potyviral infections of Nicotiana plants. Interestingly, P1a, the CVYV protein homologous to potyviral P1, disrupted the silencing suppression activity of P1b and reduced the infection efficiency of PPV in Nicotiana benthamiana. Testing the influence of RSS in host specificity, we found that a P1b-expressing chimera poorly infected PPV's natural host, Prunus persica. Conversely, P1b conferred on PPV chimeras the ability to replicate locally in cucumber, CVYV's natural host. The deleterious effect of P1a on PPV infection is host dependent, because the P1aP1b-expressing PPV chimera accumulated in cucumber to higher levels than PPV expressing P1b alone. These results demonstrate that a potyvirus can use different RSS, and that particular RSS and upstream P1-like proteins contribute to defining the virus host range.We thank H. Garcia-Ruiz for critical reading of the manuscript, D. Baulcombe for providing GFP and P19 expression vectors, Rijk Zwaan Iberica (Almeria, Spain) for supplying cucumber seeds, and E. Dominguez for technical assistance. This work was supported by grants BIO2010-18541 from Spanish MICINN, SAL/0185/2006 from Comunidad de Madrid, and KBBE-204429 from European Union. A. Valli was a recipient of an I3P fellowship from CSIC-Fondo Social Europa)Carbonell, A.; Dujovny, G.; Garcia, JA.; Valli, A. (2012). The Cucumber vein yellowing virus silencing suppressor P1b can functionally replace HCPro in Plum pox virus infection in a host-specific manner. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 25(2):151-164. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-08-11-0216S15116425

Heterologous RNA silencing suppressors from both plant- and animal-infecting viruses support Plum pox virus infection

[EN] HCPro, the RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) of viruses belonging to the Potyvirus genus in the Potyviridae family, is a multifunctional protein presumably involved in all essential steps of the viral infection cycle. Recent studies have shown that Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) HCPro can be successfully replaced by Cucumber vein yellowing ipomovirus P1b, a sequence unrelated RSS from a virus of the same family. In order to gain insight into the requirement of a particular RSS to establish a successful potyviral infection, we tested the ability of different heterologous RSSs from both plant- and animal-infecting viruses to substitute HCPro. Making use of engineered PPV chimeras, we show that PPV HCPro can be functionally replaced by some, but not all, unrelated RSSs, including the NS1 protein of the mammalian-infecting Influenza A virus. Interestingly, the capacity of a particular RSS to replace HCPro does not strictly correlate with its RNA silencing suppression strength. Altogether, our results suggest that not all suppression strategies are equally suitable for an efficient escape of PPV from the RNA silencing machinery. The approach followed here based on using PPV chimeras in which an under-consideration RSS substitutes for HCPro could further help to study the function of diverse RSSs in a ¿highly-sensitive¿ RNA silencing context, such as that taking place in plant cells during the process of a viral infection.We are especially grateful to those people who sent us plasmids containing the DNA sequence of different viral proteins. We thank Veronique Ziegler-Graff for providing BWYV P0, Ana Giner and Juan Jose Lopez-Moya for providing SPMMV P1, Joel Milner for providing CaMV P6, Maria Rosa Lopez-Huertas and Jose Alcami for providing HIV Tat, Jan Kreuze for providing SPCSV RNase3, and M. Taliansky for providing GRV ORF3. We thank Herman Scholthof and Ariel Rodriguez for providing anti-P19 and anti-NS1 serum, respectively. We are also grateful to David Baulcombe for providing the GFP expression vector and TBSV P19-containing plasmid, and Mark Curtis for providing the pMDC32 destination vector. This work was supported by grants from Spanish MICINN (BIO2010-18541) and the European Union (KBBE-204429). M. C. was the recipient of an 13P fellowship from CSIC-Fondo Social Europeo.Maliogka, VI.; Calvo, M.; Carbonell, A.; Garcia, JA.; Valli, A. (2012). Heterologous RNA silencing suppressors from both plant- and animal-infecting viruses support Plum pox virus infection. Journal of General Virology. 93(7):1601-1611. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.042168-0S16011611937Ala-Poikela, M., Goytia, E., Haikonen, T., Rajamäki, M.-L., & Valkonen, J. P. T. (2011). Helper Component Proteinase of the Genus Potyvirus Is an Interaction Partner of Translation Initiation Factors eIF(iso)4E and eIF4E and Contains a 4E Binding Motif. Journal of Virology, 85(13), 6784-6794. doi:10.1128/jvi.00485-11Ambros, V., & Chen, X. (2007). 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