Estudio de la calidad de energía eléctrica en la Corporación Ecuatoriana de Aluminio Cedal S.A. ubicada en la ciudad de Latacunga en el año 2021.

The present study was carried out at Corporación Ecuatoriana de Aluminio CEDAL S.A., an industry located in the city of Latacunga and dedicated to the manufacture and commercialization of aluminum extrusions at national and international level. The intention of this project is to analyze the power quality in the power supply system in the extrusion area of the plant, through national and international standards such as CONELEC 005/18, ARCERNNR 200/20 and IEEE std 519, IEEE std 1159. This study includes a bibliographic and field review, which provided significant knowledge for the development of the proposed topic. Data on electrical parameters in the three transformers present in the extrusion area were recorded with a FLUKE 435- SII network analyzer, in addition to this, the load survey and updating of single-line diagrams of the electrical system were elaborated, which were subsequently used in the simulations performed in the EASY POWER program through which the most significant disturbances of the system such as low power factor and voltage and current harmonics could be analyzed. These problems are relevant in the economy of an industry because they cause damage to machinery, electrical elements, and an excessive payment in energy consumption. Harmonic mitigation methods have been proposed based on the analysis of the data obtained through the analyzer and simulations, showing the feasibility and benefits of the project, both economic and technical.El presente estudio fue realizado en la Corporación Ecuatoriana de Aluminio CEDAL S.A. industria ubicada en la ciudad de Latacunga y dedicada a la fabricación y comercialización de extrusiones de aluminio a nivel nacional e internacional. La intención de este proyecto es analizar la calidad de energía en el sistema de suministro eléctrico en el área de extrusión de la planta, mediante normativas nacionales e internacionales tales como la CONELEC 005/18, ARCERNNR 200/20 e IEEE std 519, IEEE std 1159. Este estudio cuenta con una revisión bibliográfica y de campo, que aporto un conocimiento significativo para el desarrollo del tema propuesto. Se registraron datos sobre parámetros eléctricos en los tres transformadores presentes en el área de extrusión con un analizador de redes FLUKE 435- SII, adicional a esto se elaboró el levantamiento de cargas y actualización de diagramas unifilares del sistema eléctrico, mismos que fueron utilizados posteriormente en las simulaciones realizadas en el programa EASY POWER a través del cual se pudo analizar las perturbaciones más significativas del sistema como son el bajo factor de potencia y los armónicos de voltaje y corriente. Problemáticas que son relevantes en la economía de una industria debido a que producen daño en maquinarias, elementos eléctricos y un pago excesivo en el consumo energético. Se han planteado métodos de mitigación de armónicos basados en el análisis de los datos obtenidos mediante el analizador y las simulaciones, mostrando la factibilidad y benéficos que presenta el proyecto, tanto económicos como técnicos

In Vivo and In Vitro Assays Evaluating the Biological Activity of Taurine, Glucose and Energetic Beverages

Taurine is one of the main ingredients used in energy drinks which are highly consumed in adolescents for their sugary taste and stimulating effect. With energy drinks becoming a worldwide phenomenon, the biological effects of these beverages must be evaluated in order to fully comprehend the potential impact of these products on the health due to the fact nutrition is closely related to science since the population consumes food to prevent certain diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of taurine, glucose, classic Red Bull® and sugar-free Red Bull® in order to check the food safety and the nutraceutical potential of these compounds, characterising different endpoints: (i) Toxicology, antitoxicology, genotoxicology and life expectancy assays were performed in the Drosophila melanogaster model organism; (ii) The in vitro chemopreventive activity of testing compounds was determined by assessing their cytotoxicity, the proapoptotic DNA-damage capability to induce internucleosomal fragmentation, the strand breaks activity and the modulator role on the methylation status of genomic repetitive sequences of HL-60 promyelocytic cells. Whereas none tested compounds showed toxic or genotoxic effect, all tested compounds exerted antitoxic and antigenotoxic activity in Drosophila. Glucose, classic Red Bull® and sugar-free Red Bull® were cytotoxic in HL-60 cell line. Classic Red Bull® induced DNA internucleosomal fragmentation although none of them exhibited DNA damage on human leukaemia cells. In conclusion, the tested compounds are safe on Drosophila melanogaster and classic Red Bull® could overall possess nutraceutical potential in the in vivo and in vitro model used in this study. Besides, taurine could holistically be one of the bioactive compounds responsible for the biological activity of classic Red Bull®

Monitoring Bacterial Conjugation by Optical Microscopy

Bacterial conjugation is the main mechanism for horizontal gene transfer, conferring plasticity to the genome repertoire. This process is also the major instrument for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Hence, gathering primary information of the mechanism underlying this genetic transaction is of a capital interest. By using fluorescent protein fusions to the ATPases that power conjugation, we have been able to track the localization of these proteins in the presence and absence of recipient cells. Moreover, we have found that more than one copy of the conjugative plasmid is transferred during mating. Altogether, these findings provide new insights into the mechanism of such an important gene transfer device.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MINECO) Grants BFU2016-78521-R and PID2019-104251GB-I00

Relación entre funcionalidad motriz y factores antropométricos de riesgo cardio metabólico en bomberos de la región de Valparaíso, Chile

[ES] Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la funcionalidad motriz de bomberos por medio de la batería Functional Movement Screen (FMS), e identificar su relación con factores antropométricos de riesgo cardiovascular (RC). Método: Participaron un total de 139 bomberos, de los cuales 122 corresponden a hombres y 17 a mujeres pertenecientes a 16 compañías de bomberos de la comuna de Valparaíso, Chile. Se aplicó la batería de evaluación FMS y se tomaron medidas de perímetro cintura (PC), índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el índice cintura-estatura (ICE). Resultados: Para las mujeres se reportaron correlaciones bajas entre el FMS y las variables antropométricas de RC, mientras que para los hombres estas correlaciones fueron significativas y negativas entre FMS y las variables PC, ICE e IMC (r = -,37, p < ,001; r = -,34, p < ,001; –-,40, p < ,002), respectivamente. El 64,02% de los participantes en ICE se clasificó en un alto RC (e» ,50) y en el IMC un 73% en las categorías de sobrepeso y obesidad. De acuerdo con los resultados de la evaluación FMS, el 45,33% de los participantes presentan una baja funcionalidad motriz. Conclusión: La baja funcionalidad motriz y los elevados valores en parámetros antropométricos de RC son factores que debería preocupar a comunidades como las compuestas por bomberos, quienes desarrollan labores de alta exigencia física y mental, en condiciones extremas que muchas veces pueden poner en peligro la salud de los propios voluntariosS

Leukemia multiclass assessment and classification from Microarray and RNA-seq technologies integration at gene expression level

In more recent years, a significant increase in the number of available biological experiments has taken place due to the widespread use of massive sequencing data. Furthermore, the continuous developments in the machine learning and in the high performance computing areas, are allowing a faster and more efficient analysis and processing of this type of data. However, biological information about a certain disease is normally widespread due to the use of different sequencing technologies and different manufacturers, in different experiments along the years around the world. Thus, nowadays it is of paramount importance to attain a correct integration of biologically-related data in order to achieve genuine benefits from them. For this purpose, this work presents an integration of multiple Microarray and RNA-seq platforms, which has led to the design of a multiclass study by collecting samples from the main four types of leukemia, quantified at gene expression. Subsequently, in order to find a set of differentially expressed genes with the highest discernment capability among different types of leukemia, an innovative parameter referred to as coverage is presented here. This parameter allows assessing the number of different pathologies that a certain gen is able to discern. It has been evaluated together with other widely known parameters under assessment of an ANOVA statistical test which corroborated its filtering power when the identified genes are subjected to a machine learning process at multiclass level. The optimal tuning of gene extraction evaluated parameters by means of this statistical test led to the selection of 42 highly relevant expressed genes. By the use of minimum- Redundancy Maximum-Relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithm, these genes were reordered and assessed under the operation of four different classification techniques. Outstanding results were achieved by taking exclusively the first ten genes of the ranking into consideration. Finally, specific literature was consulted on this last subset of genes, revealing the occurrence of practically all of them with biological processes related to leukemia. At sight of these results, this study underlines the relevance of considering a new parameter which facilitates the identification of highly valid expressed genes for simultaneously discerning multiple types of leukemia.This work was supported by Project TIN2015-71873-R (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness -MINECO- and the European Regional Development Fund -ERDF) and Junta de Andalucı´a (P12–TIC–2082)

Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) brachiopods in Asturias (Northern Spain): Stratigraphic distribution, critical events and palaeobiogeography

Brachiopod assemblages recorded in the Toarcian outcropping of the Asturian coast, between Gijón and Ribadesella, are described. In the Tenuicostatum Zone of the Early Toarcian, an assemblage dominated by Gibbirhynchia cantabrica nov. sp., which also includes some other species of North European affinities, has been recorded. Brachiopods disappear in the region at the end of this Zone, coinciding with a sedimentary episode of black shales, and they are not recorded again until the Variabilis Zone of the Middle Toarcian. Between this zone and the Aalensis Zone, several species appear with wide stratigraphic distribution but scarce representation, except for Soaresirhynchia renzi, which is very abundant, particularly in the Insigne Subzone. This assemblage differs from the ones recorded in other nearby Spanish basins and can be related to the ones described in part of the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal), Western Pyrenees and South-Western France. This similarity can be related to environmental characteristics, such as the existence in these cases of an external, relatively deep platform environment

Association of common ATM variants with familial breast cancer in a South American population

Background: The ATM gene has been frequently involved in hereditary breast cancer as a low-penetrance susceptibility gene but evidence regarding the role of ATM as a breast cancer susceptibility gene has been contradictory. Methods: In this study, a full mutation analysis of the ATM gene was carried out in patients from 137 Chilean breast cancer families, of which 126 were BRCA1/2 negatives and 11 BRCA1/2 positives. We further perform a case-control study between the subgroup of 126 cases BRCA1/2 negatives and 200 controls for the 5557G > A missense variant and the IVS38-8T > C and the IVS24-9delT polymorphisms. Results: In the full mutation analysis we detected two missense variants and eight intronic polymorphisms. Carriers of the variant IVS24-9delT, or IVS38-8T > C, or 5557G > A showed an increase in breast cancer risk. The higher significance was observed in the carriers of IVS38-8T > C (OR = 3.09 [95% CI 1.11-8.59], p = 0.024). The IVS24-9 T/(-T), IVS38-8 T/C, 5557 G/A composite genotype confered a 3.19 fold increase in breast cancer risk (OR = 3.19 [ 95% CI 1.16-8.89], p = 0.021). The haplotype estimation suggested a strong linkage disequilibrium between the three markers (D' = 1). We detected only three haplotypes in the cases and control samples, some of these may be founder haplotypes in the Chilean population. Conclusion: The IVS24-9 T/(-T), IVS38-8 T/C, 5557 G/A composite genotype alone or in combination with certain genetic background and/or environmental factors, could modify the cancer risk by increasing genetic inestability or by altering the effect of the normal DNA damage response

CIGB-300, a synthetic peptide-based drug that targets the CK2 phosphoaceptor domain. Translational and clinical research

CK2 represents an oncology target scientifically validated. However, clinical research with inhibitors of the CK2-mediated phosphorylation event is still insufficient to recognize it as a clinically validated target. CIGB-300, an investigational peptide-based drug that targets the phosphoaceptor site, binds to a CK2 substrate array in vitro but mainly to B23/nucleophosmin in vivo. The CIGB-300 proapoptotic effect is preceded by its nucleolar localization, inhibition of the CK2-mediated phosphorylation on B23/nucleophosmin and nucleolar disassembly. Importantly, CIGB-300 shifted a protein array linked to apoptosis, ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation, glycolisis, and cell motility in proteomic studies which helped to understand its mechanism of action. In the clinical ground, CIGB-300 has proved to be safe and well tolerated in a First-in-Human trial in women with cervical malignancies who also experienced signs of clinical benefit. In a second Phase 1 clinical trial in women with cervical cancer stage IB2/II, the MTD and DLT have been also identified in the clinical setting. Interestingly, in cervical tumors the B23/nucleophosmin protein levels were significantly reduced after CIGB-300 treatment at the nucleus compartment. In addition, expanded use of CIGB-300 in case studies has evidenced antitumor activity when administered as compassional option. Collectively, our data outline important clues on translational and clinical research from this novel peptide-based drug reinforcing its perspectives to treat cancer and paving the way to validate CK2 as a promising target in oncology.Fil: Perea, Silvio E.. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Baladron, Idania. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Garcia, Yanelda. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Perera, Yasser. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Lopez, Adlin. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Soriano, Jorge L.. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Cuba. General Hospital ‘‘Hermanos Ameijeiras’; CubaFil: Batista, Noyde. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Cuba. General Hospital ‘‘Hermanos Ameijeiras’; CubaFil: Palau, Aley. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Cuba. General Hospital ‘‘Hermanos Ameijeiras’; CubaFil: Hernández, Ignacio. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Farina, Hernán Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Idrian. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Gonzalez, Lidia. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Gil, Jeovanis. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Rodriguez, Arielis. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Solares, Margarita. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Santana, Agueda. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Cruz, Marisol. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Lopez, Matilde. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Valenzuela, Carmen. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Reyes, Osvaldo. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: López Saura, Pedro A.. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: González, Carlos A.. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Diaz, Alina. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Castellanos, Lila. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Sanchez, Aniel. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Betancourt, Lazaro. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Besada, Vladimir. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: González, Luis J.. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Garay, Hilda. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Gómez, Roberto. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Gomez, Daniel Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Daniel Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Perrin, Phillipe. No especifíca;Fil: Renualt, Jean Yves. No especifíca;Fil: Sigman, Hugo. No especifíca;Fil: Herrera, Luis. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; CubaFil: Acevedo, Boris. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Cub

Risk and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis

Background and purpose Limited information is available on incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study investigated the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related outcomes in patients with MS, and compared these with the general population. Methods A regional registry was created to collect data on incidence, hospitalization rates, intensive care unit admission, and death in patients with MS and COVID-19. National government outcomes and seroprevalence data were used for comparison. The study was conducted at 14 specialist MS treatment centers in Madrid, Spain, between February and May 2020. Results Two-hundred nineteen patients were included in the registry, 51 of whom were hospitalized with COVID-19. The mean age ± standard deviation was 45.3 ± 12.4 years, and the mean duration of MS was 11.9 ± 8.9 years. The infection incidence rate was lower in patients with MS than the general population (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–0.80), but hospitalization rates were higher (relative risk = 5.03, 95% CI = 3.76–6.62). Disease severity was generally low, with only one admission to an intensive care unit and five deaths. Males with MS had higher incidence rates and risk of hospitalization than females. No association was found between the use of any disease-modifying treatment and hospitalization risk. Conclusions Patients with MS do not appear to have greater risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe COVID-19 outcomes compared with the general population. The decision to start or continue disease-modifying treatment should be based on a careful risk–benefit assessment.post-print996 K

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global