Estimacion de la probabilidad de contratar seguros para la gestion del riesgo en la industria chilena del vino

102 p.El crecimiento continuo y sostenido que el sector vitivinícola ha experimentado durante los últimos años, convierten a esta actividad en una de las más importantes y representativas de Chile. No obstante, este sector se encuentra expuesto a diversas fuentes de riesgos propias del negocio, las cuales amenazan y traen consigo efectos negativos que van en desmedro de las utilidades de las viñas. Lo anterior conlleva a los vitivinicultores a tomar medidas que les permitan gestionar el riesgo, utilizando instrumentos de cobertura financiera, ya sea seguros o instrumentos públicos, que brinden protección a este sector frente a la volatilidad de variables externas, principalmente provenientes de factores climáticos y de mercado. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la probabilidad de que los vitivinicultores chilenos utilicen contratos de seguros. Dicha estimación se realizó mediante la aplicación de modelos de variables categóricas, utilizando los datos contenidos de la base del cuestionario “La Gestión del Riesgo en el Sector Vitivinícola Chileno” (Lobos y Viviani, 2007) y analizados a través de los softwares Eviews v. 6.0 y SPSS v. 15.0. Las variables que logran un mejor ajuste del modelo son hectáreas totales, acceso referencias de precios, información mercado vino, riesgo sanitario, seguro gestión riesgo y espero cobertura riesgo agrícola. Estas variables coinciden en los resultados de los modelos Probit, Logit y MLP. Sin embargo, los primeros muestran una capacidad predictiva superior en comparación con el MLP. Por otra parte, los resultados sugieren que las empresas aseguradoras y/o autoridades públicas deben otorgar mayor acceso a información de precios de lo vinos, pudiendo existir organismos especializados en realizar proyecciones y estimaciones más certeras de estos precios

Application of Metagenomics to Chilean Aquaculture

Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding food production sector, facing the challenge of growth both increasing its efficiency and reducing its negative impact on the environment. Metagenomics is an emerging tool in aquaculture that helps to understand the complex host (fish-shellfish)-microbiota-pathogen-environment relationship underlying disease outbreaks, monitoring the dynamics of microbial diversity in farmed animals subject to different environmental conditions or perturbations. As Chile takes an important share of world aquaculture market, this chapter reviews the actual and potential applications of metagenomics to support a sustainable expansion and diversification of Chilean aquaculture. The focus is on (i) the role and function of the gut microbiota in the proper immunostimulation and disease control and (ii) the role of metagenomics in monitoring environmental microbial biodiversity and dynamics in relation to disease persistence and ecosystem stability. We conclude that despite the importance of the aquaculture sector in Chile, the application of metagenomics to deal with disease control and ecosystem preservation is still an emerging field of study. Understanding host (fish-shellfish)-microbiota-pathogen-environment diversity of interactions in a more holistic view, i.e., the holobiome approach, could be key to develop rational strategies to improve productivity by increasing resistance to diseases and reducing the use of antibiotics and their negative environmental impact

Desarrollo de un indicador de la calidad del agua usando estadística aplicada, caso de estudio: Subcuenca Zanjón Oscuro

Las aguas de la subcuenca Zanjón Oscuro (Departamento del Cauca), son utilizadas para regar caña de azúcar, mediante el uso de drenajes artificiales. En su recorrido el cauce recibe aguas residuales domésticas e industriales de la población y la industria azucarera, lo cual ha originado la contaminación del mismo. Se presenta la evaluación de la calidad del agua mediante la elaboración de un índice de calidad del agua “ICA”, a partir del uso de la Estadística Aplicada. Se propone el uso de una metodología basada en curvas de calidad de diferentes parámetros fisicoquímicos desarrollados a partir de encuestas realizadas a varios expertos, con el objeto de establecer límites cualitativos y cuantitativos de la calidad del agua; para posteriormente seleccionar la curva óptima que refleje la mejor decisión, en dicha evaluación. Los resultados fueron comparados con los indicadores de contaminación del agua (ICOMO). Finalmente se obtuvieron dos indicadores: el primero conformado por las variables oxígeno disuelto, demanda bioquímica de oxígeno y coliformes fecales, que son indicadores de la contaminación por materia orgánica. El segundo indicador incluye la demanda bioquímica de oxígeno, pH, conductividad, fosfatos, nitratos, turbiedad y sólidos totales, que permiten una evaluación general de la calidad del agua.The waters of the subriver basin Zanjón Oscuro, located in the plains of northern Cauca, Cauca Department, are used for irrigation of sugar cane by the use of artificial drainages. In its course the stream receives domestic and industrial sewage from the population and the sugar industry, which has led to pollution of it. This paper presents the work the evaluation of the quality of the water by means of the elaboration of water quality index “WQI”, from the use of the Applied Statistic. For this aim the use of a methodology based on the elaboration of curves of quality of different physicochemical parameters sets out that they were developed from a realised survey to different experts, with the intention of establishing qualitative and quantitative limits of the quality of the water; later to select the optimal curve that reflects the best decision to evaluate the quality of the water. The results were compared with the indicators of contamination of the water. Obtaining like result two indicators, the first conformed by the variables dissolved oxygen, biochemical demand of oxygen and faecal coliforms, which are indicating of the contamination by organic matter. The second includes the biochemical demand of oxygen, pH, conductivity, phosphates, nitrates, turbidity and total solids, which allow a general evaluation of the quality of the water

Prevalence of Lentilacobacillus hilgardii over Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in Low-Temperature Spontaneous Malolactic Fermentation of a Patagonian Pinot Noir

The spontaneous malolactic fermentation (MLF) in a centenary winery from Patagonia, Argentina, is conducted by predominantly mesophilic Oenococcus oeni and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. In this region, MLF takes place from 14 to 4 °C, leading to heat cellars incurring in higher costs and non-sustainable practices. Previously, psychrotrophic strains of O. oeni had been obtained from a Patagonian wine. The goal of this work was to identify the Lactobacillaceae microbiota related to low-temperature MLF and assess their contribution. Nine sychrotrophicc Lentilactibacillus hilgardii strains were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, and the strains typified by RAPD-PCR. All strains consumed L-malic acid at 4 and 10 °C in sterile wine. The selected UNQLh1.1 strain revealed implantation capacity and L-malic acid consumption at 4 and 10 °C in the presence of the native microbial consortium. Furthermore, the histidine decarboxylase (hdc) gene was not detected in any of the Len. hilgardii strains. The prevalence of Len. hilgardii under low-temperature conditions represents a novelty compared to previous findings of LAB diversity in the MLF of Patagonian wines. The native Patagonian psychrotrophic Len. hilgardii strains are a new player in fermentations conducted at low temperatures with the potential to be used as a sustainable MLF starter.Fil: Manera, Camila. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Rivas, Gabriel Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Flores, Naiquen Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Brizuela, Natalia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Caballero, Adriana Carmen. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Semorile, Liliana Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Valdes la Hens, Danay. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Complete Genome Sequencing of Lactobacillus plantarum UNQLp 11 Isolated from a Patagonian Pinot Noir Wine

Lactobacillus plantarum UNQLp 11 strain was isolated from a Patagonian Pinot noir wine at the oldest commercial winery (110 years old) in General Roca, North Patagonia, Argentina, and has demonstrated its ability to survive during winemaking processes and successfully carry out malolactic fermentation. This work aimed to obtain the whole assembled genome of the UNQLp 11 strain, analysing its architecture and the possible functions of the predicted genes from the oenological properties of this strain. The genome size is 3 534 932 bp, with a mean GC content of 44.2%, 3 412 CDS, 80 transposons and 148 tandem repeats. A comparison between the genome size and gene content of 14 Lb. plantarum strains from different origins was performed, and UNQLp 11 exhibited the largest size. The in silico genome-wide analysis allowed us to confirm the existence of genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of several metabolites of oenological interest, in addition to bacteriocins and exopolysaccharides. Furthermore, it is possible to speculate on this strain’s adaptation to different environments, as it is able to use diverse substrates for its growth. All these features suggest the potential of UNQLp 11 to be a good starter culture for malolactic fermentation.Fil: Iglesias, Nestor Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Brizuela, Natalia Soledad. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tymczyszyn, Emma Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hollmann, Axel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet Noa Sur. Centro de Investigación en Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos. - Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Centro de Investigación en Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Valdes la Hens, Danay. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Semorile, Liliana Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Bravo Ferrada, Barbara Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Violencia en las relaciones de pareja y su relación con los mitos del amor romántico en mujeres estudiantes de enfermería de una Universidad Pública, Chile

La violencia contra la mujer es una emergencia mundial de salud pública, ésta involucra la violencia en el noviazgo. El estudio tuvo por objetivo probar la hipótesis de relación positiva y significativa entre los diferentes tipos de violencia en la pareja y los mitos del amor romántico. El paradigma metodológico fue cuantitativo no experimental, diseño transversal-correlacional. La muestra fue de 163 mujeres estudiantes de enfermería de una Universidad Pública. Las escalas utilizadas fueron: cuestionario de violencia entre novios adaptado por Rodríguez et al, (DVQ-R) (i.e., Desapego, Humillación, Coerción, Violencia Física y Violencia Sexual) y la escala de “mitos del amor romántico”  probada por Ramírez-Carrasco et al. (2021) en población chilena, (media naranja; emparejamiento; exclusividad; celos; omnipotencia; libre albedrío; matrimonio; pasión eterna), para los análisis de correlación se utilizó el coeficiente rho de spearman. Se determino que; el 26,7% de las estudiantes sufren algún tipo de violencia por la pareja. Los mitos de los celos tuvieron las mayores correlaciones con las violencias de: desapego, coerción, humillación y violencia sexual; el mito de emparejamiento se correlacionó con desapego, coerción y la violencia física; el mito de libre albedrío con desapego y coerción, los demás mitos no se relacionaron con ningún tipo de violencia. Se concluye que los mitos del amor romántico son un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de la violencia en la pareja, es urgente desarrollar un programa de intervención para erradicar los mitos mencionados y que considere visibilizar las violencias por coerción y el desapego, muchas veces desestimadas.

Genome diversification within a clonal population of pandemic <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus </i>seems to depend on the life circumstances of each individual bacteria

Artículo de publicación ISIBackground: New strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that cause diarrhea in humans by seafood ingestion periodically emerge through continuous evolution in the ocean. Influx and expansion in the Southern Chilean ocean of a highly clonal V. parahaemolyticus (serotype O3:K6) population from South East Asia caused one of the largest seafood-related diarrhea outbreaks in the world. Here, genomics analyses of isolates from this rapidly expanding clonal population offered an opportunity to observe the molecular evolutionary changes often obscured in more diverse populations. Results: Whole genome sequence comparison of eight independent isolates of this population from mussels or clinical cases (from different years) was performed. Differences of 1366 to 217,729 bp genome length and 13 to 164 bp single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were found. Most genomic differences corresponded to the presence of regions unique to only one or two isolates, and were probably acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Some DNA gain was chromosomal but most was in plasmids. One isolate had a large region (8,644 bp) missing, which was probably caused by excision of a prophage. Genome innovation by the presence of unique DNA, attributable to HGT from related bacteria, varied greatly among the isolates, with values of 1,366 (ten times the number of highest number of SNVs) to 217,729 (a thousand times more than the number of highest number of SNVs). Conclusions: The evolutionary forces (SNVs, HGT) acting on each isolate of the same population were found to differ to an extent that probably depended on the ecological scenario and life circumstances of each bacterium.FONDECYT 114073

Studies on mechanistic role of natural bioactive compounds in the management of obesity an overview

Obesity is recognised as a condition of low-grade chronic inflammation resulting from macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue and activation of inflammatory pathways by oxidative stress mechanisms that lead to the development of insulin resistance. Various natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects may im-prove adipocyte dysfunction associated with metabolic syndrome. The present review focuses on the effects of phenolic compounds, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) and lipoic acid (LA) on the pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity. In this review, a total of 120 studies were included, and data thus obtained reflect beneficial physiological effects of n-3 LC-PUFA, LA and different phenolic compounds, including kaempferol, luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin, catechins, phenolic acids, in the prevention and/or attenuation of metabolic disturbances associated with obesity. Additionally, information from clinical studies provides new insights for defining the dose-response relationship of dietary compounds, necessary time of exposure and potential side effects of these NBCs in the treatment of obesity and indicates further study is needed to verify these relationships

The BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey. II. Investigating Mass-Density Profile Evolution in the SLACS+BELLS Strong Gravitational Lens Sample

We present an analysis of the evolution of the central mass-density profile of massive elliptical galaxies from the SLACS and BELLS strong gravitational lens samples over the redshift interval z ~ 0.1-0.6, based on the combination of strong-lensing aperture mass and stellar velocity-dispersion constraints. We find a significant trend towards steeper mass profiles (parameterized by the power-law density model with rho ~ r^[-gamma]) at later cosmic times, with magnitude d/dz = -0.60 +/- 0.15. We show that the combined lens-galaxy sample is consistent with a non-evolving distribution of stellar velocity dispersions. Considering possible additional dependence of on lens-galaxy stellar mass, effective radius, and Sersic index, we find marginal evidence for shallower mass profiles at higher masses and larger sizes, but with a significance that is sub-dominant to the redshift dependence. Using the results of published Monte Carlo simulations of spectroscopic lens surveys, we verify that our mass-profile evolution result cannot be explained by lensing selection biases as a function of redshift. Interpreted as a true evolutionary signal, our result suggests that major dry mergers involving off-axis trajectories play a significant role in the evolution of the average mass-density structure of massive early-type galaxies over the past 6 Gyr. We also consider an alternative non-evolutionary hypothesis based on variations in the strong-lensing measurement aperture with redshift, which would imply the detection of an "inflection zone" marking the transition between the baryon-dominated and dark-matter halo-dominated regions of the lens galaxies. Further observations of the combined SLACS+BELLS sample can constrain this picture more precisely, and enable a more detailed investigation of the multivariate dependences of galaxy mass structure across cosmic time.Comment: 10 pages emulateapj, revised and expanded, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

IMA genome - F14 : Draft genome sequences of Penicillium roqueforti, Fusarium sororula, Chrysoporthe puriensis, and Chalaropsis populi

Draft genomes of Penicillium roqueforti, Fusarium sororula, Chalaropsis populi, and Chrysoporthe puriensis are presented. Penicillium roqueforti is a model fungus for genetics, physiological and metabolic studies, as well as for biotechnological applications. Fusarium sororula and Chrysoporthe puriensis are important tree pathogens, and Chalaropsis populi is a soilborne root-pathogen. The genome sequences presented here thus contribute towards a better understanding of both the pathogenicity and biotechnological potential of these species.The University of Pretoria, the Department of Science and Technology (DST)/National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB), South Africa, the Tree Protection Co-operative Programme (TPCP), the National Research Foundation and the DST-NRF SARChI chair in Fungal Genomics.http://www.imafungus.orgam2022BiochemistryForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog