Modelos cuantitativos de adopción y uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación en España

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Análisis Económico, leída el 20-11-2019This paper explores the determinants of the individual´s decision to perform cross-border e-commerce (CBeC). The European Union (EU) is especially interested in the promotion of CBeC because it is an important tool in its strategy to achieve the Digital Single Market in Europe. In this paper, official data is used from a representative survey of 16,209 individuals on ICT usage by households and individuals that was carried out in Spain by the National Institute of Statistics (INE) for the year 2016. Using a standard neoclassical utility maximization framework, and logistic regression techniques, the results show that being a male is positively related to the probability of practicing CBeC. Education is positively and significantly related to the probability of being involved in CBeC with EU countries. Computer and Internet Skills are significant and positive factors in explaining CBeC (either with EU countries or with the rest of the world). The variable “how often the consumer sees other customer reviews before buying online”, has a positive effect. Foreign nationality also increases the likelihood of using CBeC. To promote CBeC in Spain measures towards developing digital skills, Internet trust and use of online information reviews of goods and services are discussed..Este trabajo explora los determinantes de la decisión individual de realizar comercio electrónico transfronterizo (CBeC). La Unión Europea (EU) está especialmente interesada en la promoción del CBeC debido a que es una herramienta indispensable en su estrategia para alcanzar el Mercado Único Digital en Europa. En este trabajo se han utilizado datos oficiales que provienen de una encuesta representativa de 16.209 individuos, sobre el uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación en hogares y por individuos, llevada a cabo por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) para el año 2016. Utilizando el marco neoclásico de maximización de la utilidad y técnicas de regresión logística, los resultados muestran que ser hombre está relacionado positivamente con la probabilidad de realizar CBeC con países de la Unión Europea. Las habilidades informáticas y aquellas relacionadas con el uso de Internet son factores significativos y positivos para explicar CBeC (tanto con países de la Unión Europea, como con países del resto del mundo). La variable “con qué frecuencia un consumidor ve opiniones de otros consumidores antes de comprar”, tiene un efecto positivo. Tener nacionalidad extranjera también incrementa la probabilidad de realizar CBeC. Para promover el CBeC en España se proponen medidas dirigidas a desarrollar las habilidades digitales de los individuos, confianza en Internet y el uso de información de opiniones sobre bienes y servicios...Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEunpu

Propuesta de estrategias competitivas para pequeñas empresas del sector de la construcción. Caso: Galeontech Cía. Ltda.

La investigación se desarrolla en la empresa Galeontech Compañía Limitada insertada en el sector de la construcción, tiene como objetivo diseñar un plan estratégico para incrementar las ventas en el periodo 2016-2020. El contexto actual desde el punto de vista económico es complejo por lo que las estrategias seleccionadas deben sortear dificultades latentes. Para lograr los resultados esperados se plantean los siguientes objetivos específicos: 1. Realizar el diagnóstico estratégico de la empresa teniendo en cuenta los factores del macro y micro entorno y los factores internos de la empresa. 2. Realizar el direccionamiento estratégico de la empresa Galeontech a partir de su situación estratégica. 3. Proponer un plan de acción para la implantación del plan estratégico de la empresa Galeontech. En el estudio coexisten elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Para su desarrollo se emplean métodos teóricos como: analítico y deductivo. La información analizada durante todo el desarrollo del proyecto se obtiene con la revisión documental, entrevistas no estructuradas y encuestas a competidores. Con la realización del diagnóstico se determina que la empresa Galeontech desde sus inicios ha mostrado inestabilidad en su actividad. A partir del año 2015 este comportamiento alcanza su punto crítico, en el que los ingresos de la empresa disminuyen considerablemente. La situación de la empresa es consecuencia de la incidencia de varios factores tanto externos como internos. La empresa presenta una débil estructura para su gestión, los recursos materiales, financieros y humanos no son los adecuados para una empresa de su tipo y la situación es compleja como resultado del predominio de debilidades internas y las amenazas del entorno. Como resultado se diseña un plan estratégico para el periodo 2016-2020, en el que se detallan las directrices estratégicas con el plan de acción su implementación

Innovative processes for the production of new nanocomposite materials by electrospinning technique

2011 - 2012The technical parameters for electrospinning solutions of biodegradable polymers poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid) and their composites with active molecules were defined and set up. A trial-and-error approach has been employed by varying solution properties and processing parameters to obtain uniform defect-free fibers. Amoxicillin drug was intercalated in layered double hydroxide nanoparticles by coprecipitation and then the modified nanohybrid was successfully encapsulated at different concentrations into poly(ε-caprolactone) matrix by the electrospinning technique. Non-woven fibrous mats were fabricated and characterized in terms of morphology, in vitro release and antibacterial properties. Blends of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone), loaded with different amounts of amoxicillin were electrospun to investigate the release behaviour and obtain a controlled and tuneable release. Morphology and thermal behaviour were found dependent on the component ratio as well as on the incorporated drug amount. [edited by author]XI n.s

Histiocitoma fibroso maligno de vesícula biliar: reporte de un caso

Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 74 años de edad, de sexo femenino que presentó una tumoración vesicular, más anemia, la cual fue intervenida quirúrgicamente en el hospital Militar HDII-DE de la ciudad de Guayaquil y cuyo resultado histopatológico reveló un fibrohistiocitoma maligno de vesícula biliar.Objetivo: Destacar la importancia de no subestimar toda patología de vesícula biliar y a la vez, resaltar el caso, dada la poca frecuencia de esta patología.Método: Descriptivo.Conclusión: resaltar lo importante que es sospechar la naturaleza maligna de lesiones de apariencia benigna. A continuación se detallará el caso clínico y el screening seguido en ella

Evisceración vaginal post histerectomía. Presentación de una paciente

Vaginal evisceration is a rare disease that involves the passage of intestinal loops through the vaginal opening, usually after a hysterectomy. A patient that underwent hysterectomy for uterine fibromatosis and who was diagnosed with vaginal evisceration is presented. The patient underwent surgery and evolved successfully and without complications.La evisceración vaginal es una enfermedad poco frecuente que consiste en la salida de las asas intestinales por el orificio vaginal, generalmente después de una histerectomía. Se presenta una paciente histerectomizada por presentar fibromatosis uterina a la que se le diagnosticó evisceración vaginal; fue intervenida quirúrgicamente y evolucionó satisfactoriamente y sin ninguna complicación

Los Diferentes Costos que Tiene la Energía Eléctrica en el Ecuador Considerando los Cambios de la Estructura Actual

  El presente documento tiene como finalidad indagar sobre el sector eléctrico ecuatoriano (SEE), ya que este ha tenido un cambio muy diverso en el país, aparte de que los actuales documentos sobre la evolución del SE no presentan información actualizada según y hasta la presente Ley Orgánica Del Servicio Público De Energía Eléctrica (LOSPEE). Además de investigar sus orígenes, evoluciones, precios y estructuras que lo han moldeado hasta las presentes entidades que lo representan, se realizará una breve comparación con otros países.   Palabras claves— empresas, tarifas, regulaciones, precios, producción de energía, servicio eléctrico.   Abstract   This document has a purpose on the Ecuadorian electricity sector (SEE), which has had a very different change in the country, apart from the current documents on the evolution of the SE. Organic Public Electric Power Service (LOSPEE). In addition to investigating its origins, evolutions, prices and structures that have been molded to the present, the entities that represent it, a brief comparison is made with other countries.   Index Terms— companies, tariffs, regulations, prices, energy production, electric service

Adoption of e-commerce by individuals and digital divide: Evidence from Spain

E-commerce penetration rates are distant among those groups of individuals with the lowest and the highest levels of online shopping adoption. This is an indicator of digital divide, having negative effects in terms of untapped opportunities for people, companies and the whole economy. Key socioeconomic and demographic determinants of adoption of ecommerce are explored, analyzing a dataset of 174,776 observations for the period 2008-2017 in Spain. The empirical analysis is based on a standard neoclassical utility maximization framework. Linear probability model, logistic regression, and Heckman’s sample selection correction model have been used. The results suggest that e-commerce adoption is positively related with being male, having higher levels of education, income and digital skills, being Spanish, and being employed; while being female, older and belonging to a household of two or more members have negative effects. An interaction between digital skills and age has been introduced in the model, where high digital skills seem to have a positive influence, partly counteracting the lower odds for some age groups. Policy recommendations related to demand and supply measures are suggested to foster the adoption of e-commerce

Characterization and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Copal (Dacryodes peruviana (Loes.) H.J. Lam) Essential Oil

Essential oils are natural aromatic substances that contain complex mixtures of many volatile compounds frequently used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Dacryodes peruviana (Loes.) H.J. Lam is a native species from Ecuador whose anti-inflammatory activity has not been previously reported, thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of D. peruviana essential oil. To that end, essential oil from D. peruviana fruits was isolated by hydrodistillation and characterized physically and chemically. The tolerance of the essential oil was analyzed by cytotoxicity studies using human keratinocytes. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by an arachidonic acid-induced edema model in mouse ear. The predominant compounds in D. peruviana essential oil were α-phellandrene, limonene, and α-pinene, with the three compounds reaching approximately 83% of the total composition. Tolerance studies showed high biocompatibility of this essential oil with human keratinocytes. In vivo studies demonstrated a moisturizing effect and an alleviation of several events occurred during the inflammatory process after topical treatment with D. peruviana essential oil such as decline in skin edema; reduction in leukocytic infiltrate; and decrease in inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-8, IL-17A, and IL-23. Therefore, this essential oil could be an attractive treatment for skin inflammation

Therapeutic applications of essential oils from native and cultivated ecuadorian plants: Cutaneous candidiasis and dermal anti-inflammatory activity

Abstract: Essential oils are a complex mixture of aromatic substances whose pharmacological actions, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, have been widely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Candida and dermal anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils from native and cultivated Ecuadorian plants. Essential oils from Bursera graveolens, Dacryodes peruviana, Mespilodaphne quixos, and Melaleuca armillaris were isolated by hydrodistillation and were characterized physically and chemically. Its tolerance was analyzed by in vitro and in vivo studies. The antifungal activity was studied against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida parapsilosis, whereas the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by a mouse ear edema model. The main compounds were limonene, -phellandrene, (E)-methyl cinnamate, and 1,8-cineole, respectively. All essential oils showed high tolerability for skin application, antifungal activity against the three Candida strains, and anti-inflammatory efficacy by decreasing edema and overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dacryodes peruviana essential oil showed the highest antifungal activity. On the other hand, Dacryodes peruviana and Melaleuca armillaris showed the greatest anti-inflammatory potential, decreasing edema by 53.3% and 65.25%, respectively, and inhibiting the overexpression of TNF- , IL-8, IL-17A, and IL-23. The results suggest that these essential oils could be used as alternative therapies in the treatment of both cutaneous candidiasis and dermal inflammation