Clínica de animais de companhia

O presente relatório é parte integrante do estágio curricular realizado no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Gent, na Bélgica e no Hospital Veterinário Central da Linha de Cascais, em Portugal. A primeira parte descreve, sucintamente, as atividades desenvolvidas durante os seis meses de estágio na área de clínica de animais de companhia, referindo a casuística acompanhada. Segue-se a monografia, com uma revisão bibliográfica e a apresentação de um caso clínico sobre tromboembolismo arterial cardiogénico (TEAC) em gato. O TEAC está associado às alterações estruturais e funcionais do miocárdio que podem levar à formação de coágulos intracardíacos. Quando os trombos se separam são transportados pela aorta até se alojarem num local com menor diâmetro que o seu. O local mais comum de embolização é a trifurcação da aorta caudal, provocando isquemia neuromiopática dos membros posteriores. A profilaxia em gatos, com cardiomiopatia, é muito importante devido à sua elevada morbilidade; ABSTRACT: The present report is an integrant part of the externship performed at the Ghent’s University Veterinary Hospital, in Belgium and the Hospital Veterinário Central da Linha de Cascais, in Portugal. The first part describes, briefly, the activities developed during the six months’ externship in small animal practice, with a description of followed cases. A literature review follows and a presentation of a clinical case on cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism (CATE) in cats is made. CATE is associated with structural and functional changes in the myocardium that can lead to intracardiac thrombus formation. When a thrombus is dislodged and moves into the systemic circulation via the aorta, it can block an artery smaller than the actual thrombus. The most common place of embolization is the trifurcation of the distal aorta, causing ischemic neuromyopathy on the hind limbs. Prophylactic therapy in these cats is very important since it has devastating clinical morbidity

A representação e relação do padrasto na pré-adolescência masculina

Dissertação de apresentada no Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de ClínicaA presente investigação tem como finalidade o estudo da relação com o padrasto na pré-adolescência masculina. São objectivos do estudo a descrição e compreensão da forma como os pré-adolescentes de onze e treze anos representam o padrasto, a relação com o padrasto e a evolução da mesma. Para este estudo foi construído um guião de entrevista, tendo sido realizadas dezasseis entrevistas semi-directivas a sete rapazes de onze anos e nove rapazes de treze anos. As entrevistas foram posteriormente analisadas qualitativamente através de grelhas de categorias construídas para o efeito. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que em ambos os grupos, o tipo de relação estabelecida com o padrasto é, regra geral, positiva, sendo no grupo dos onze anos representado como segundo pai e no grupo dos treze como pai. De uma forma geral, os conflitos são pouco expressivos, remetendo para uma boa relação, pouco conflituosa. No entanto, alguns dos conflitos verificados no grupo dos onze anos estão relacionados com a lealdade marcada com o pai e com a rivalidade edipiana. No grupo dos treze anos aparece igualmente esta rivalidade, embora com pouca expressão. Em ambos os grupos o desejo de mudança relacional foi pouco expressivo, evidenciando-se somente em alguns dos pré- adolescentes mais velhos.The present inquiry has as purpose the study of the relation with stepfather in the masculine preadolescence. The description and understanding of the way that eleven and thirteen years old preadolescents represent the stepfather, the relation with the stepfather and the evolution of the relation with the same one is the aim of this study. For this study a script of interview was constructed and carried though sixteen semi- structured interviews of seven young boys of eleven and nine of thirteen years old. The interviews were later analyzed qualitatively through grates of categories constructed for the effect. The results show that in both groups, the type of relationship established with the stepfather is generally positive, being in the group age eleven represented as a second father and in the group of thirteen as a parent. In general, conflicts are not very significant, referring to a good relationship, little conflicted. However, some of the conflicts recorded in the group of eleven years are related to loyalty marked with the father and the oedipical rivalry. In the group of thirteen years also appears this rivalry, though with little expression. In both groups the desire for relational change was very small, showing up only in some of the pre-adolescent children

Sociospatial reading of favela : a comparative analysis from organic Portuguese cities

This research decodifies the favelas spatial system through its configuration in comparison to historical organic structures aiming at searching similar self-organized processes. It is intended to observe in which way the configuration of such areas, read through their spatial patterns, affects their sociospatial dynamics and how it gets closer to common strategies for organizing the urban space: in which way favela reproduces historically consolidated spatial patterns inherent to organic cities? The Theory of The Social Logic of Space (Hillier & Hanson, 1984) is the theoretical, methodological and technical approach for this study, allowing to investigate such phenomena by means of its spatial complexity. The sample consists of 120 settlements around the world, explored according to a set of 26 configurational variables (among qualitative and quantitative, both geometric and topological), compared to a group of 45 Portuguese medieval towns (representative of organic cities). Findings show that the favelas recognized spatial patterns are mostly common to those associated with organic structures. Despite being much denser and apparently labyrinthine shapes, the internal dynamics of the favelas reveal positive global relationships. These settlements behave similarly to consolidated urban systems and share common spatial logics throughout world regions and distinct cultures, feature which allows recognizing the self-organization strategy as essential to their structural and survival process

Prazer pela leitura: incentivo e o papel do professor

Os objetivos principais deste artigo são: entender o incentivo da leitura desde cedo e o papel do professor como mediador de conhecimento e formador de leitores. A leitura é cada vez mais necessária para a vivência social, ela ocorre quando há interação entre leitor e autor. A escola tem a função de trabalhar em suas diversas disciplinas, ter atividades recreativas e lúdicas para que haja a participação dos alunos e eles se sintam motivados para fazerem uma leitura prazerosa

Brain tumor in differential diagnosis of seizures in puerperium : case report

Convulsive crisis is a transient disturbance of cerebral function, and the etiology of which may be manifold. Its clarification is essential for establishing adequate therapy and seizure control. In the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, eclampsia is the most common cause of it, but brain tumor, epilepsy and other disorders are part of the differential diagnosis. We report a case of seizure triggered by tumor in a primigest, 22 years old, at 38 weeks’ gestation with premature rupture of membranes. Cesarean section was performed due to non-reassuring fetal condition. On the second day of puerperium, she presented recurrent episodes of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and elevated blood pressure. She received magnesium sulfate for 24 hours and persisted with severe headache. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed an expansive lesion in the left frontoparietal region. The patient underwent intracranial microsurgery on the eighth day after cesarean section, with complete resection of the lesion and anatomopathological diagnosis of schwannoma. She went through good postoperative evolution, without neurological deficits, and stayed on phenobarbital, with no seizures until 6 months of follow-up. From the case we conclude that although the first diagnosis in pregnant or puerperal women with seizures should be eclampsia, there are other causes, such as brain tumor and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). Careful evaluation is required, especially in refractory cases and not responding to usual treatment

Fungi in sand and coastal and inland waters in Portugal: relevance to human health and well-being

Os fungos filamentosos e as leveduras são ubíquos na natureza, incluindo nas zonas balneares, e portanto, na areia. Contudo, certas espécies de fungos podem causar infeções ou alergias em humanos. Estudos anteriores mostraram que microrganismos patogénicos ou patogénicos oportunistas sobrevivem e crescem na areia. Uma vez que as zonas balneares são locais frequentados por um elevado número de pessoas, especialmente no verão, a qualidade microbiológica das areias e das águas balneares é particularmente importante. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo é a recolha de dados sobre as espécies de fungos existentes em três zonas balneares, duas águas costeiras – Algarve e Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (LVT) e uma água de transição (LVT) A identificação dos isolados foi realizada através da observação de características morfológicas e através de métodos moleculares. Para isto, foram analisadas 18 amostras de areia e 18 amostras de água. Os isolados fúngicos detetados com maior frequência foram Cladosporium sp. (na praia costeira do Algarve e na de águas de transição) e Sarocladium kiliense (na praia costeira de LVT). Foram também isoladas algumas espécies responsáveis por causar alergias e infeções, tais como Exophiala dermatitidis, Alternaria alternata, Trematosphaeria grisea e Aspergillus secção Nidulantes, além de fungos potencialmente produtores de micotoxinas, nomeadamente Aspergillus secção Fumigati. Não foi possível identificar 19 das colónias isoladas (de 1005 no total, 1,9%). Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar as espécies presente nos locais amostrados entre novembro de 2018 e junho de 2019, confirmando-se a presença de espécies com expressão clínica, que representam um potencial risco para a saúde dos utilizadores das praias e que deve passar a ser tido em conta na avaliação da qualidade da praia.Filamentous fungi and yeast are ubiquitous in nature, including bathing areas and therefore, sand. However, certain fungal species can cause infections or allergies in humans. Previous studies have shown that there are opportunistic or pathogenic microorganisms that can survive and grow in sand. Since bathing areas are used by a large numbers of people, especially during the summer months, the microbiological quality of sand and bathing water is particularly important. Thus, the aim of this study is to collect data on the fungal species present in the three bathing areas under study (two coastal – one in Algarve and the other in Lisbon and Tagus Valley - and one with transition waters in Lisbon and Tagus Valley). The identification of the isolates was performed by observing morphological characteristics and by using molecular tools. For this purpose, 18 sand samples and 18 water samples were analysed. The most frequently isolated fungi were Cladosporium sp. (in Algarve at the transition waters beach) and Sarocladium kiliense (at the coastal beach of Lisboa and Tagus Valley). Some species causing allergies and infections, such as Exophiala dermatitidis, Alternaria alternata, Trematosphaeria grisea and Aspergillus section Nidulantes. Moreover, species potentially producers of mycotoxins were also isolated, namely members of Aspergillus section Fumigati. Nineteen of the isolates were not possible to identify (out of 1005, 1.9%). This project generated data on the fungal species isolated between November 2018 and June 2019 in the three sites sampled. The presence of fungi that may be associated with clinical cases was confirmed, thus revealing a potential health risk to beach users that must be taken into account in the beaches quality profile.Os autores agradecem o financiamento interno do Departamento de Saúde Ambiental que permitiu desenvolver este trabalho, do qual resultou a tese de mestrado da autora Sara Brito e a Dr ª Lena Klingspor pelo apoio prestado relativamente à amostragem no Algarve.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Strategies for Monitoring Microbial Life in Beach Sand for Protection of Public Health

ReviewThe 2021 revised guidelines of the World Health Organization recommend monitoring the quality of sand in addition to water at recreational beaches. This review provides background information about the types of beaches, the characteristics of sand, and the microbiological parameters that should be measured. Analytical approaches are described for quantifying fungi and fecal indicator bacteria from beach sand. The review addresses strategies to assess beach sand quality, monitoring approaches, sand remediation, and the proposed way forward for beach sand monitoring programs. In the proposed way forward, recommendations are provided for acceptable levels of fungi given their distribution in the environment. Additional recommendations include evaluating FIB distributions at beaches globally to assess acceptable ranges of FIB levels, similar to those proposed for fungi.Financial support from CESAM (UID/AMB/50017-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007638) and CITAB (UID/AGR/04033/2019), via FCT/MCTES, from national funds (PIDDAC), cofounded by FEDER, (PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020) and the work of Dr. Monika Novak Babiˇc was supported by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) through the postdoctoral research project (grant number Z7-2668) and the research program, grant number P1-0198.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aprendendo e ensinando a voar... a experiência das mulheres indígenas do Ceará com a educação diferenciada

Taking into account the four decades of CEDAW[1]. It can be seen that indigenous women in Brazil are doubly discriminated against, because they are women, in this case also within their ethnic groups. They suffer due to the lack of adequate education, the lack of oficial systems of lack of access to land, denial of property, violent evictions, poverty, lack of protection against diseases, and gender-based violence because despite their protests, they are not heard, and there is still a lack of political will to guarantee their non-discrimination. Through of experience reports, the growing empowerment of indigenous women from Ceará stands out, whit the example of two ethnic groups that took flight and continue to teach and learn to fly with their experiences with Indigenous Education.   [1] Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Taking into account the four decades of CEDAW. It can be seen that indigenous women in Brazil are doubly discriminated against, because they are women, in this case also within their ethnic groups. They suffer due to the lack of adequate education, the lack of oficial systems of lack of access to land, denial of property, violent evictions, poverty, lack of protection against diseases, and gender-based violence because despite their protests, they are not heard, and there is still a lack of political will to guarantee their non-discrimination. Through of experience reports, the growing empowerment of indigenous women from Ceará stands out, whit the example of two ethnic groups that took flight and continue to teach and learn to fly with their experiences with Indigenous Education.Levando em consideração as quatro décadas da CEDAW, percebe-se que as mulheres indígenas no Brasil são duplamente discriminadas, porque são indígenas e porque são mulheres, neste caso também dentro e fora de seus grupos étnicos. Elas sofrem devido à falta de educação adequada, à deficiência dos sistemas oficiais de saúde, falta de acesso à terra, negação de propriedade, despejos violentos, pobreza, falta de proteção contra doenças, e a violência de gênero, porque apesar de seus protestos, elas não são ouvidas, e ainda falta vontade política para garantir sua não-discriminação. Através dos relatos de experiência destaca-se o crescente empoderamento da mulher indígena cearense, com exemplo de duas etnias que alçaram voo e seguem ensinando e aprendendo a voar com suas vivencias com a Educação Diferenciada

Application of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) in the recovery of upper limb function in patients after chronic stroke: a literature review

Estima-se que de 45 a 75% dos adultos que sofreram um Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) têm dificuldade de utilizar o membro superior (MS) hemiparético nas atividades de vida diária (AVD’s) na fase crônica. Escalas funcionais são utilizadas na prática da reabilitação e em pesquisas para diagnósticos, prognósticos e resposta a tratamentos. As escalas Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) e Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) são instrumentos muito citados na literatura. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a aplicação das escalas WMFT e FMA na recuperação funcional do membro superior em pacientes pós AVE crônico. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura com busca nas bases de dados do MedLine (PubMed) de artigos publicados de 2000 a 2013. Adotou-se como estratégia de pesquisa o método (P.I.C.O.). Os descritores utilizados para a pesquisa foram: (stroke OR cerebrovascular disorders OR intracranial arteriosclerosis OR intracranial embolism and thrombosis) AND (fugl-meyer assessment OR wolf motor function test). Foi utilizado therapy narrow como filtro de busca. Resultados: Foram encontrados 181 estudos, 89 foram eliminados por não preencherem os critérios de inclusão ou por não apresentarem tema relevante à pesquisa. Após a seleção por título e resumo, 92 artigos foram lidos na íntegra. Destes, 47 foram excluídos por não contemplarem o objetivo da presente pesquisa. No total, 45 artigos foram revisados. Houve predomínio da utilização da ferramenta FMA e verificouse que 80% dos estudos aplicaram esta escala para avaliar respostas a diferentes tipos de terapias. Nestes estudos, a intervenção mais utilizada foi a Terapia de Contensão Induzida (TCI) (25%), seguida pela Terapia Robótica (22,2%). Apesar do WMFT ter sido inicialmente desenvolvido para avaliar os efeitos da TCI, nos dias de hoje verifica-se sua utilização para avaliar a recuperação funcional de pacientes com sequelas de AVE após aplicação de outras técnicas. Em nossa pesquisa, 44,4% dos estudos utilizaram o WMFT, destes, 35% avaliaram os efeitos da TCI, 15% da terapia robótica de MS e 65% usaram diferentes terapias. Conclusão: Em estudos controlados randomizados, a FMA foi a escala mais utilizada para avaliar a recuperação funcional do MS em pacientes com AVE crônico, inclusive após aplicação de terapia robótica. Porém, verificamos que ela não é a escala mais indicada para avaliar os mesmos desfechos após utilização da TCI. Entretanto, a WMFT foi a escala mais utilizada para avaliação funcional após aplicação da TCI e mostrou-se mais sensível que a FMA na terapia bilateral, além de alta aplicabilidade na terapia de realidade virtual.It is estimated that 45-75% of chronic adult stroke patients have difficulty in using the hemiparetic upper limb (MS) in their daily life activities (DLAs). Functional scales are used in the practice of rehabilitation, in the search for diagnoses and prognoses, and in evaluating response to treatment. The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scales are the instruments most commonly mentioned in the literature. Objective: The aim of this study was to review the use of the WMFT and FMA scales in the recovery of upper limb function in patients after chronic stroke. Method: We searched the MedLine database (PubMed) for articles published from 2000 to 2013. The PICO method was adopted as the search strategy. The descriptors used for the search were: (stroke OR cerebrovascular disorders OR intracranial arteriosclerosis OR thrombosis intracranial embolism) AND (Fugl-Meyer assessment OR wolf motor function test). Therapy/narrow was used as a search filter. Results: We found 181 studies, 89 of which were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria or did not have a topic relevant to the review search. After selection by title and by abstract, 92 articles were fully read. Of these articles, 47 were excluded because they did not fulfil the search objective. All in all, 45 articles were reviewed. FMA is the tool most used and it was found that 80% of the studies applied this scale to evaluate responses to the different therapies. In these studies, the intervention most used was the Constrained Induced Therapy (CIT) (25%), followed by Robotics Therapy (22.2%). Although the WMFT was initially developed to assess the effects of CIT, nowadays this scale is used, after the application of other techniques, to assess the functional recovery of patients with stroke sequelae. In our survey, 44.4% of the studies used WMFT; of these, 35% assessed the effects of CIT, 15% assessed robotic therapy for the upper limbs, and 65% for different therapies. Conclusion: For randomized controlled trials, the FMA scale was more used to assess functional recovery in the upper limbs of chronic stroke patients, even after application of robotics therapy. However, we found that it is not the most appropriate scale to assess the same outcomes after CIT use. WMFT is the scale most widely used for functional assessment after application of CIT; it is more sensitive than FMA for bilateral therapy, and is highly applicable in virtual reality therapy