Estrategias, retos y oportunidades en la rehabilitación de los polígonos de vivienda construidos en España entre 1940 y 1980

Al inicio de este siglo XXI, las ciudades españolas tienen ante sí un reto que, en términos cuantitativos, supera con mucho al referido a la rehabilitación de centros históricos y primeros ensanches. Se trata de la rehabilitación de un tejido específico de nuestras ciudades, los barrios de bloque abierto construidos entre 1940-1980, en los que se están produciendo graves procesos de degradación urbana y que pueden caracterizarse como áreas urbanas vulnerables. Este artículo analiza tanto las estrategias emprendidas desde las diversas administraciones públicas en materia de rehabilitación urbana como las experiencias iniciadas y tiene por objetivos, primero, detectar cuáles son las principales barreras de todo tipo (legales, sociales, económicas, culturales) que impiden que este tipo de prácticas dejen atrás el carácter experimental y minoritario que aun hoy las caracteriza, y, segundo, avanzar propuestas de acción para conseguir la rehabilitación urbana integral y sistemática de estos barrios

An endogenous HIV envelope-derived peptide without the terminal NH3+ group anchor is physiologically presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize viral peptidic antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on the surface of infected cells. The CTL response is critical in clearance and prevention of HIV infection. Yet, there are no descriptions of physiological peptides derived from the viral envelope protein. In the few reports on endogenous MHC class I viral peptidic ligands from HIV internal proteins, definitive positive identification by mass spectrometry is lacking. The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 induces a strong specific CTL response restricted by several human and murine MHC class I molecules, including H-2Dd. Previous analyses showed that this response can be optimally mimicked with the synthetic decameric peptide 318RGPGRAFVTI327. We aim to identify the endogenous natural peptides mediating the response to this epitope. Our data indicate the presence of, at least, two peptidic species of different length and sharing the same antigenic core, which are associated with the Dd presenting molecule in infected cells. One species is at least, probably, the optimal decapeptide. The second species, identified by mass spectrometry for the first time in HIV, is, unexpectedly, a nonamer, which lacks the correctly positioned N-terminal group to bind to Dd. And yet, it is present in similar amounts and, notably, is equally antigenic. Thus, the physiological set of HIV-derived MHC class I ligands is richer and different than expected from studies with synthetic peptides. This may help raise the plasticity and thus the effectiveness of the immune response against the viral infection. These data have implications for HIV vaccine development.This work was supported by grants from the European Union, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, Comunidad de Madrid, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en SIDA del Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.S

Synthesis of polysubstituted tetrahydropyrans by stereoselective hydroalkoxylation of silyl alkenols: En route to tetrahydropyranyl marine analogues

Producción CientíficaTetrahydropyrans are abundantly found in marine natural products. The interesting biological properties of these compounds and their analogues make necessary the development of convenient procedures for their synthesis. In this paper, an atom economy access to tetrahydropyrans by intramolecular acid-mediated cyclization of silylated alkenols is described. p-TsOH has shown to be an efficient reagent to yield highly substituted tetrahydropyrans. Moreover, excellent diastereoselectivities are obtained both for unsubstituted and alkylsubstituted vinylsilyl alcohols. The methodology herein developed may potentially be applied to the synthesis of marine drugs derivatives.Junta de Castilla y León (GR170)European Social Fund and the Junta de Castilla y León (Grant Q4718001C

Estrategias, retos y oportunidades en la rehabilitación de los polígonos de vivienda construidos en España entre 1940 y 1980

At the beginning of this century, the cities of our country face a challenge that, in quantitative terms, goes beyond the action referred to the rehabilitation of historic centres and XIX century extensions. This challenge is the rehabilitation of a specific fabric of our cities: neighbourhoods built in the period of 1940-1980, which are undergoing processes of serious urban degradation and can be identified as vulnerable urban areas.This article discusses the strategies taken from the various government levels in urban rehabilitation, and the experiences initiated with the aim of detecting what are the main barriers of all kind (legal, social, economic, cultural) that prevent the systematic practice of these initiatives, which today still have an experimental and minority character, and to forward proposals for action to achieve comprehensive and systematic urban rehabilitation in these neighbourhoods.Al inicio de este siglo XXI, las ciudades españolas tienen ante sí un reto que, en términos cuantitativos, supera con mucho al referido a la rehabilitación de centros históricos y primeros ensanches. Se trata de la rehabilitación de un tejido específico de nuestras ciudades, los barrios de bloque abierto construidos entre 1940-1980, en los que se están produciendo graves procesos de degradación urbana y que pueden caracterizarse como áreas urbanas vulnerables.Este artículo analiza tanto las estrategias emprendidas desde las diversas administraciones públicas en materia de rehabilitación urbana como las experiencias iniciadas y tiene por objetivos, primero, detectar cuáles son las principales barreras de todo tipo (legales, sociales, económicas, culturales) que impiden que este tipo de prácticas dejen atrás el carácter experimental y minoritario que aun hoy las caracteriza, y, segundo, avanzar propuestas de acción para conseguir la rehabilitación urbana integral y sistemática de estos barrios

Estudio de algunos casos de fisuración descendente en carreteras españolas

Tradicionalmente se ha admitido que la mayor parte de las fisuras que aparecen en la superficie del pavimento procede de las capas inferiores, afectadas por la fatiga o por la retracción que acompaña al fraguado de materiales tratados con cemento. Con dicho enfoque las fisuras superficiales no serían más que la evolución o el reflejo de un problema originado en las capas inferiores. Sin embargo, en la última década diversos trabajos de investigación han puesto de manifiesto la relevancia de otro problema muy diferente: la iniciación de fisuras en la capa de rodadura que progresivamente van afectando a las capas inferiores. Es lo que se ha denominado fisuración descendente (top-down cracking). En este artículo se muestran varios casos estudiados en carreteras españolas, en los que se ha constatado que las fisuras observadas en la superficie afectaban sólo a la capa de rodadura, aunque en algunos casos habían progresado, dañando ya la parte superior de la capa intermedia. Para caracterizar las mezclas asfálticas afectadas por este problema, más generalizado de lo que se creía hasta ahora, al menos en determinadas zonas climáticas, se extrajeron testigos, comprobando la granulometría de las mezclas, sus características mecánicas y el estado del ligante. Como resultado general puede concluirse que las mezclas afectadas tenían problemas de segregación granulométrica en vertical, y en todos los casos el ligante había envejecido sensiblemente, a pesar de tratarse de actuaciones algunas de ellas con sólo unos pocos años en servicio

Does the ideal entrepreneurial team exist?

Up until now, studies on entrepreneurs and their relationship to business performance have focused primarily on analyzing the entrepreneur as an individual. While studies have been conducted on the entrepreneurial team, their focus has centered on team size and degree of diversity - cultural, age, gender - leaving a gap in the analysis of the effect of a team’s competencies on the outcome of the ventures. This research aims to help fill this gap by using the psychometric instrument DISC. This research analyzes entrepreneurship by opportunity, evaluating the performance of 109 Colombian companies and the composition of their entrepreneurial teams. The results obtained provide the basis for better understanding of the make-up of entrepreneurial teams, considering the variances and interdependencies of the competency development level among their members. They reveal that identifying the similarity or heterogeneity in certain groups of competencies, as well as how developed they are, can have an impact on the ventures’ success. The cluster analysis carried out suggests that highly developed competencies associated with the ‘dominance’ dimension in the members of an entrepreneurial team are essential. These must be above-average in heterogeneous levels among the team members. They must also be accompanied by the ‘steadiness’ competency provided by the team oriented partners, as well as an average, homogeneous level of competencies associated with ‘conscientiousness’ if the new business is to achieve good financial results in its early years. The ‘influence’ dimension did not play a significant role. The teams made up of more homogeneous partners obtained the poorest financial results. Furthermore, the study provides new perspectives for measuring business performance in a venture, as well as for evaluating the relationships between the entrepreneurial team’s competencies and the company’s results in the first years of business. Accordingly, it offers inputs for future research

Innate Immune Receptors, Key Actors in Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Most CVDs are associated with increased inflammation that arises mainly from innate immune system activation related to cardiac damage. Sustained activation of the innate immune system frequently results in maladaptive inflam- matory responses that promote cardiovascular dysfunction and remodeling. Much research has focused on determining whether some mediators of the innate immune system are potential targets for CVD therapy. The innate immune system has specific receptors—termed pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)—that not only recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, but also sense danger-associated molecular signals. Acti- vation of PRRs triggers the inflammatory response in different physiological systems, including the cardio- vascular system. The classic PRRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the more recently discovered nucleotide- binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), have been recently proposed as key partners in the progression of several CVDs (e.g., atherosclerosis and heart failure). The present review discusses the key findings related to the involvement of TLRs and NLRs in the progression of several vascular and cardiac diseases, with a focus on whether some NLR subtypes (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1) can be candidates for the development of new therapeutic strategies for several CVDs

Prospectus, December 13, 1978

SEASON\u27S GREETINGS; Merry Christmas from the Prospectus Staff; Two PC paintings taken from campus Monday; State is accepting grant applications; Duet coming to PC Dec. 17; PC dinner dance is cancelled; Applications being accepted; Final exams are Dec. 15-21; PC Speech Team captures fifth; Joseph Cronin speaks at Parkland on education; St. Nick\u27s origins revealed in story; The Spirit of Christmas; That Christmas Feeling; Extra second to be added to clocks at the end of the last day of this year; Toys for tots a success; Holiday customs differ; Christmas tree owners...Avoid fire hazards with hints; Hannukah and X-mas to be celebrated on same day this year; Mother hopes to avoid Christmas gift hassles with letter to Santa; Yuletide Favorites!; Theft of painting shocks the artist; The birth of Christ-- What if it happened today?; WPCD Top 15 for the Week of Dec. 11; Ice storm turns Parkland into sparkling wonderland; Classifieds; Riding is fun...riding is costly!; Christ born in spring; 11 tie in contest; Loved Ones; Women basketball lose three in a row last week; Hartman resigns editorship; Fast Freddy Bowl Contest; PC basketball team holds 4-1 record Additional material: image Edition 2 literary magazinehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1978/1000/thumbnail.jp

Innate immune receptors, key actors in cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Most CVDs are associated with increased inflammation that arises mainly from innate immune system activation related to cardiac damage. Sustained activation of the innate immune system frequently results in maladaptive inflammatory responses that promote cardiovascular dysfunction and remodeling. Much research has focused on determining whether some mediators of the innate immune system are potential targets for CVD therapy. The innate immune system has specific receptors—termed pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)—that not only recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, but also sense danger-associated molecular signals. Activation of PRRs triggers the inflammatory response in different physiological systems, including the cardiovascular system. The classic PRRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the more recently discovered nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), have been recently proposed as key partners in the progression of several CVDs (e.g., atherosclerosis and heart failure). The present review discusses the key findings related to the involvement of TLRs and NLRs in the progression of several vascular and cardiac diseases, with a focus on whether some NLR subtypes (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1) can be candidates for the development of new therapeutic strategies for several CVDs