Balanced Biochemical Reactions: A New Approach to Unify Chemical and Biochemical Thermodynamics

A novel procedure is presented which, by balancing elements and electric charge of biochemical reactions which occur at constant pH and pMg, allows assessing the thermodynamics properties of reaction ΔrG′0, ΔrH′0, ΔrS′0 and the change in binding of hydrogen and magnesium ions of these reactions. This procedure of general applicability avoids the complex calculations required by the use of the Legendre transformed thermodynamic properties of formation ΔfG′0, ΔfH′0 and ΔfS′0 hitherto considered an obligatory prerequisite to deal with the thermodynamics of biochemical reactions. As a consequence, the term “conditional” is proposed in substitution of “Legendre transformed” to indicate these thermodynamics properties. It is also shown that the thermodynamic potential G is fully adequate to give a criterion of spontaneous chemical change for all biochemical reactions and then that the use of the Legendre transformed G′ is unnecessary. The procedure proposed can be applied to any biochemical reaction, making possible to re-unify the two worlds of chemical and biochemical thermodynamics, which so far have been treated separately

Il Retail Banking in Italia

Indice: Definizione del business - Analisi del macroambiente - Analisi della domanda - Struttura dell'offert

Diseño y Desarrollo de Sofware para la Optimización del Inventario, Gestión de Préstamo de Elementos Tecnológicos y Trazabilidad de Proyectos de Investigación del Centro de Investigación (CEINDETEC).

80hojasEl sistema de información Inventario Ceindetec surge ante la necesidad de apoyar los diferentes procesos en el Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CEINDETEC) ya que actualmente cuenta con un inventario de elementos electrónicos los cuales se usan para desarrollar los diferentes proyectos que se manejan, de este inventario toman prestados elementos sin llevar registro alguno, por lo tanto no se sabe cuántos quedan y al momento de agotarse es necesario comprarlos a nivel local a un precio mayor, además no cuenta con un sistema de control de quien los ha utilizado o si aún alguien los tiene o no en su poder. Cuando se va a llevar a cabo un proyecto de investigación se debe tener en cuenta varios ítems entre ellos los elementos a utilizar y los diferentes requerimientos que varían de acuerdo al cambio en sus versiones y su desarrollo, ya que en cada versión se optimizan elementos y recursos hasta llegar a la versión final, de acuerdo a lo anterior, otra problemática adicional radica en que no se lleva un historial o trazabilidad de los diferentes proyectos de investigación, generando desorden a la hora de determinar qué cantidad de elementos se usaron y cuál fue su estado desde la primera versión hasta la última, así como una serie de reportes que son vitales para proyectos futuros. Según lo expuesto con anterioridad, existen riesgos económicos para el manejo de elementos electrónicos y herramientas en CEINDETEC, debido a que la cantidad va aumentando cada vez más con el desarrollo del mismo, complicando tener un control absoluto y evitar pérdidas de los elementos y herramientas.4.1. EQUIPO SCRUM ...................................................................................................... 19 4.1.1. Product Owner ................................................................................................... 19 4.1.2. Equipo de Desarrollo ......................................................................................... 19 4.1.3. The Scrum Master ............................................................................................. 19 4.2. ELEMENTOS DE LA METODOLOGÍA SCRUM ...................................................... 20 4.2.1. Sprint Planning ................................................................................................... 22 4.2.2. Scrum Diario ...................................................................................................... 22 4.2.3. Sprint Review. .................................................................................................... 22 4.2.4. Retrospectiva del sprint. .................................................................................... 22SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN, EQUIPOS SCRUM, DESARROLLO WEB.Tesis. Programa Ingeniería de sistemas. Universidad de los Llanos. Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería., 2018, Resultado para Optar el Titulo de Ingeniero de Sistemas.PregradoIngeniería de Sistema

Prognostic impact of coronary microcirculation abnormalities in systemic sclerosis: a prospective study to evaluate the role of non-invasive tests

INTRODUCTION: Microcirculation dysfunction is a typical feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and represents the earliest abnormality of primary myocardial involvement. We assessed coronary microcirculation status by combining two functional tests in SSc patients and estimating its impact on disease outcome. METHODS: Forty-one SSc patients, asymptomatic for coronary artery disease, were tested for coronary flow velocity reserve (CFR) by transthoracic-echo-Doppler with adenosine infusion (A-TTE) and for left ventricular wall motion abnormalities (WMA) by dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). Myocardial multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) enabled the presence of epicardial stenosis, which could interfere with the accuracy of the tests, to be excluded. Patient survival rate was assessed over a 6.7- ± 3.5-year follow-up. RESULTS: Nineteen out of 41 (46%) SSc patients had a reduced CFR (≤2.5) and in 16/41 (39%) a WMA was observed during DSE. Furthermore, 13/41 (32%) patients showed pathological CFR and WMA. An inverse correlation between wall motion score index (WMSI) during DSE and CFR value (r = -0.57, P <0.0001) was observed; in addition, CFR was significantly reduced (2.21 ± 0.38) in patients with WMA as compared to those without (2.94 ± 0.60) (P <0.0001). In 12 patients with abnormal DSE, MDCT was used to exclude macrovasculopathy. During a 6.7- ± 3.5-year follow-up seven patients with abnormal coronary functional tests died of disease-related causes, compared to only one patient with normal tests. CONCLUSIONS: A-TTE and DSE tests are useful tools to detect non-invasively pre-clinical microcirculation abnormalities in SSc patients; moreover, abnormal CFR and WMA might be related to a worse disease outcome suggesting a prognostic value of these tests, similar to other myocardial diseases

A multi-wavelength pipeline for pulsar searches

Pulsar studies in the recent years have shown, more than others, to have benefited from a multi-wavelength approach. The INAF - Astronomical Observatory in Cagliari (INAF-OAC) is a growing facility with a young group devoted to pulsar and fast transients studies across the electromagnetic spectrum. Taking advantage of this expertise we have worked to provide a suite of multi-wavelength software and databases for the observations of pulsars and compact Galactic objects at the Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT). In turn, radio pulsar observations at SRT will be made available, in a processed format, to gamma-ray searches using AGILE and Fermi gamma-ray satellite and, in a near future, they will be complementary to polarimetric X-ray observations with IXPE.Comment: Accepted for publications in Rendiconti Lincei as Proceedings of "A Decade of AGILE: Results, Challenges and Prospects of Gamma-Ray Astrophysics

Severe pertussis infection in infants less than 6 months of age: clinical manifestations and molecular characterization

We conducted a study to determine the main traits of pertussis among unimmunized infants less than 6&nbsp;months of age. From August 2012 to March 2015, 141 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected from infants with respiratory symptoms attending 2 major hospitals in Rome. Clinical data were recorded and analyzed. Lab-confirmation was performed by culture and realtime PCR. B. pertussis virulence-associated genes (ptxP, ptxA and prn), together with multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), were also investigated by the sequence-based analysis on the DNAs extracted from positive samples. Antibiotic susceptibility with Etest was defined on 18 viable B. pertussis isolates. Samples from 73 infants resulted positives for B. pertussis. The median age of the patients was 45&nbsp;d (range 7–165); 21 infants were treated with macrolides before hospital admission. Cough was reported for a median of 10&nbsp;d before admission and 18&nbsp;d after hospital discharge among infected infants, 84% of whom showed paroxysmal cough. No resistance to macrolides was detected. Molecular analysis identified MT27 as the predominant MLVA profile, combined with ptxP3-ptxA1-prn2 associated virulence genes. Although our data may not be generalized to the whole country, they provide evidence of disease severity among infants not vaccinated against pertussis. Moreover, genetically related B. pertussis strains, comprising allelic variants of virulence associated genes, were identified

Problema de tomografía local usando wavelets B-spline cúbicos

This paper presents a formal description and subsequent implementation of a solution to the local tomography problem, equivalent to the so-called Radon Transform local Inversion. To do so, it is necessary to execute an algorithm based on compact-support B-spline cubic wavelets, including sufficient vanishing moments so that the filtered-scaling, the mother wavelet and its Hilbert Transform functions decay rapidly. This favors localization of Radon-Transform Wavelet Transform and, therefore, its corresponding inversion; that is, the reconstruction of a Shepp-Logan Phantom central interest region (ROI).En el presente artículo se describe e implementa una solución al problema de la tomografía local, equivalente a la inversión de la transformada de Radon, utilizando la transformada wavelet. Para ello se ejecuta un algoritmo basado en wavelets B-spline cúbicos de soporte compacto con suficientes momentos de desvanecimiento para que la función de escalado filtrada, la wavelet madre y su transformada de Hilbert tengan decaimiento rápido. Lo anterior favorece la localización de la transformada wavelet de la transformada de Radon y, por tanto, la inversión, es decir; la reconstrucción de una región central de interés del fantasma Shepp-Logan

Early and Sustained Elevation in Serum Pancreatic Amylase Activity: A Novel Predictor of Morbidity After Pancreatic Surgery

Objective:To characterize early postoperative serum pancreatic amylase (spAMY) trends after pancreatic resections. Summary Background Data:A postoperative spAMY elevation is a common finding but uncertainties remain about its meaning and prognostic implications. Methods:Analysis of patients who consecutively underwent pancreatectomy from 2016 to 2019. spAMY activity was assessed from postoperative day (POD) 0 to 3. Different patterns of spAMY have been identified based on the spAMY standard range (10-52 U/l). Results:Three patterns were identified: (#1) spAMY values always &lt; the lower limit of normal/within the reference range /a single increase in spAMY &gt; upper limit of normal at any POD; (#2) Sustained increase in spAMY activity on POD 0 + 1; (#3) Sustained increase in spAMY activity including POD 1 + 2. Shifting through spAMY patterns was associated with increase morbidity (21% in #1 to 68% in #3 at POD 7; log rank &lt; 0.001). Almost all severe complications (at least Clavien-Dindo &gt;= 3) occurred in patients with pattern #3 (15% vs 3% vs 5% in #1 and #2 at POD 7, P = 0.006), without difference considering &gt;3-times or &gt;the spAMY normal limit (P = 0.85). POPF (9% in #1 vs 48% in #3, P &lt; 0.001) progressively increased across patterns. Pre-operative diabetes (OR 0.19), neoadjuvant therapy (OR 0.22), pancreatic texture (OR 8.8), duct size (OR 0.78), and final histology (OR 2.2) were independent predictors of pattern #3. Conclusions:A sustained increase in spAMY activity including POD 1 + 2 (#3) represents an early postoperative predictor of overall and severe early morbidity. An early and dynamic evaluation of spAMY could crucially impact the subsequent clinical course with relevant prognostic implications