204 research outputs found
Conformal algebra: R-matrix and star-triangle relation
The main purpose of this paper is the construction of the R-operator which
acts in the tensor product of two infinite-dimensional representations of the
conformal algebra and solves Yang-Baxter equation. We build the R-operator as a
product of more elementary operators S_1, S_2 and S_3. Operators S_1 and S_3
are identified with intertwining operators of two irreducible representations
of the conformal algebra and the operator S_2 is obtained from the intertwining
operators S_1 and S_3 by a certain duality transformation. There are
star-triangle relations for the basic building blocks S_1, S_2 and S_3 which
produce all other relations for the general R-operators. In the case of the
conformal algebra of n-dimensional Euclidean space we construct the R-operator
for the scalar (spin part is equal to zero) representations and prove that the
star-triangle relation is a well known star-triangle relation for propagators
of scalar fields. In the special case of the conformal algebra of the
4-dimensional Euclidean space, the R-operator is obtained for more general
class of infinite-dimensional (differential) representations with nontrivial
spin parts. As a result, for the case of the 4-dimensional Euclidean space, we
generalize the scalar star-triangle relation to the most general star-triangle
relation for the propagators of particles with arbitrary spins.Comment: Added references and corrected typo
Use of Confocal Laser as Light Source Reveals Stomata-Autonomous Function
In most terrestrial plants, stomata open during the day to maximize the update of CO(2) for photosynthesis, but they close at night to minimize water loss. Blue light, among several environmental factors, controls this process. Stomata response to diverse stimuli seems to be dictated by the behaviour of neighbour stomata creating leaf areas of coordinated response. Here individual stomata of Arabidopsis leaves were illuminated with a short blue-light pulse by focusing a confocal argon laser. Beautifully, the illuminated stomata open their pores, whereas their dark-adapted neighbours unexpectedly experience no change. This induction of individual stomata opening by low fluence rates of blue light was disrupted in the phototropin1 phototropin2 (phot1 phot2) double mutant, which exhibits insensitivity of stomatal movements in blue-illuminated epidermal strips. The irradiation of all epidermal cells making direct contact with a given stoma in both wild type and phot1 phot2 plants does not trigger its movement. These results unravel the stoma autonomous function in the blue light response and illuminate the implication of PHOT1 and/or PHOT2 in such response. The micro spatial heterogeneity that solar blue light suffers in partially shaded leaves under natural conditions highlights the physiological significance of the autonomous stomatal behaviour
On the Bounds of Function Approximations
Within machine learning, the subfield of Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has
recently garnered research attention due to its ability to improve upon
human-designed models. However, the computational requirements for finding an
exact solution to this problem are often intractable, and the design of the
search space still requires manual intervention. In this paper we attempt to
establish a formalized framework from which we can better understand the
computational bounds of NAS in relation to its search space. For this, we first
reformulate the function approximation problem in terms of sequences of
functions, and we call it the Function Approximation (FA) problem; then we show
that it is computationally infeasible to devise a procedure that solves FA for
all functions to zero error, regardless of the search space. We show also that
such error will be minimal if a specific class of functions is present in the
search space. Subsequently, we show that machine learning as a mathematical
problem is a solution strategy for FA, albeit not an effective one, and further
describe a stronger version of this approach: the Approximate Architectural
Search Problem (a-ASP), which is the mathematical equivalent of NAS. We
leverage the framework from this paper and results from the literature to
describe the conditions under which a-ASP can potentially solve FA as well as
an exhaustive search, but in polynomial time.Comment: Accepted as a full paper at ICANN 2019. The final, authenticated
publication will be available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30487-4_3
Hypoglycemia mediated by paraneoplastic production of Insulin like growth factor–2 from a malignant renal solitary fibrous tumor – clinical case and literature review
A shared framework for the common mental disorders and Non-Communicable Disease: key considerations for disease prevention and control
Metabolic Network Topology Reveals Transcriptional Regulatory Signatures of Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disorder characterized by both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Recent transcriptomics studies related to T2DM have revealed changes in expression of a large number of metabolic genes in a variety of tissues. Identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying these transcriptional changes and their impact on the cellular metabolic phenotype is a challenging task due to the complexity of transcriptional regulation and the highly interconnected nature of the metabolic network. In this study we integrate skeletal muscle gene expression datasets with human metabolic network reconstructions to identify key metabolic regulatory features of T2DM. These features include reporter metabolites—metabolites with significant collective transcriptional response in the associated enzyme-coding genes, and transcription factors with significant enrichment of binding sites in the promoter regions of these genes. In addition to metabolites from TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid metabolism (known to be associated with T2DM), we identified several reporter metabolites representing novel biomarker candidates. For example, the highly connected metabolites NAD+/NADH and ATP/ADP were also identified as reporter metabolites that are potentially contributing to the widespread gene expression changes observed in T2DM. An algorithm based on the analysis of the promoter regions of the genes associated with reporter metabolites revealed a transcription factor regulatory network connecting several parts of metabolism. The identified transcription factors include members of the CREB, NRF1 and PPAR family, among others, and represent regulatory targets for further experimental analysis. Overall, our results provide a holistic picture of key metabolic and regulatory nodes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM
Why Are Computational Neuroscience and Systems Biology So Separate?
Despite similar computational approaches, there is surprisingly little interaction between the computational neuroscience and the systems biology research communities. In this review I reconstruct the history of the two disciplines and show that this may explain why they grew up apart. The separation is a pity, as both fields can learn quite a bit from each other. Several examples are given, covering sociological, software technical, and methodological aspects. Systems biology is a better organized community which is very effective at sharing resources, while computational neuroscience has more experience in multiscale modeling and the analysis of information processing by biological systems. Finally, I speculate about how the relationship between the two fields may evolve in the near future
Investigating the effect of a 3-month workplace-based pedometer-driven walking programme on health-related quality of life in meat processing workers: a feasibility study within a randomized controlled trial
Liver cell therapy: is this the end of the beginning?
The prevalence of liver diseases is increasing globally. Orthotopic liver transplantation is widely used to treat liver disease upon organ failure. The complexity of this procedure and finite numbers of healthy organ donors have prompted research into alternative therapeutic options to treat liver disease. This includes the transplantation of liver cells to promote regeneration. While successful, the routine supply of good quality human liver cells is limited. Therefore, renewable and scalable sources of these cells are sought. Liver progenitor and pluripotent stem cells offer potential cell sources that could be used clinically. This review discusses recent approaches in liver cell transplantation and requirements to improve the process, with the ultimate goal being efficient organ regeneration. We also discuss the potential off-target effects of cell-based therapies, and the advantages and drawbacks of current pre-clinical animal models used to study organ senescence, repopulation and regeneration
Search for strongly interacting massive particles generating trackless jets in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV
A search for dark matter in the form of strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs) using the CMS detector at the LHC is presented. The SIMPs would be produced in pairs that manifest themselves as pairs of jets without tracks. The energy fraction of jets carried by charged particles is used as a key discriminator to suppress efficiently the large multijet background, and the remaining background is estimated directly from data. The search is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 16.1 fb - 1 , collected with the CMS detector in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed above the expected background. For the simplified dark matter model under consideration, SIMPs with masses up to 100 GeV are excluded and further sensitivity is explored towards higher masses
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