Concubinato: aspectos destacados na legislação civil brasileira

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.A Constituição Federal de 1988, quando reconheceu a união estável, com entidade familiar, veio expressar a realidade da sociedade que há muito já dispunha dessa forma de união, sob a denominação de concubinato. Tal consagração tornou-se efetiva com o advento da Lei n' 8.971/94, que assegurou o direito dos concubinos a alimentos e à sucessão, e da Lei n' 9.278/96, que regulamentou o dispositivo constitucional. Neste trabalho, busca-se a análise de alguns aspectos no concubinato que se destacam na legislação civil brasileira, tais como, evolução histórica, conceituação. caracterização, direitos patrimoniais, direito a alimentos, direitos sucessórios, e por fim, a legislação referente à matéria. Ressalta-se que os aspectos destacados, não englobam os processuais, mas apenas os de direito consagrados pelas leis regulamentadoras do dispositivo constitucional. A visão proposta, no entanto, não tem o caráter de ser definitiva, pois, as mudanças na sociedade, que acabaram por gerar os direitos aos concubinos, também têm o condão de modificar as fontes legislativas vigentes. Por esta ótica, os aspectos aqui destacados servem de base para a análise sob a égide da legislação civil vigente

Seguindo carbonos dentro e fora do mercado: reflexões éticas em estudo para conservação de florestas

Em um cenário de mudanças climáticas globais, estratégias de mitigação tomam por base a contraposição entre a emissão de carbono de origem antropogênica e a assimilação de carbono em sistemas florestais (terrestres ou costeiros). Assim, partindo da afirmativa óbvia de que a conservação das florestas e do carbono estocado nas mesmas contribui para mitigação do aquecimento global, e dos recursos disponíveis para tanto, muitos pesquisadores das áreas das ciências naturais investem esforços nos estudos dos processos de absorção de CO2 pelas plantas, de acúmulo C na biomassa aérea, nas raízes e no solo, de ciclagem da matéria orgânica, entre outros. Tais estudos visam quantificar os fluxos de C de modo a "operacionalizar" ações para mitigação do aquecimento global, que vem ocorrendo via mecanismos de mercado. Nessa configuração, a ética do pesquisador é garantida pela qualidade (precisão) da informação fornecida à sociedade e, em geral, sua crítica restringe-se ao mau uso destas. Mas, o que acontece quando este pesquisador percebe que as ações de mitigação, sob o discurso ambientalista e regulada pelo mercado, vem causando graves conflitos socioambientais envolvendo as pessoas que vivem diretamente das florestas? E quando reconhece que os dados de sua pesquisa contêm a solução previamente pensada e decidida na sociedade e que, por esse motivo, qualquer crítica aos mecanismos de mitigação, deveria ser antes uma autocrítica? Este artigo trata de explicar porque motivo (ético e político) uma pesquisa que se iniciou com a elaboração de modelos alométricos para determinação da biomassa e cálculo do sequestro de carbono de florestas de mangue terminou, por fim, com a descrição da rede sociotécnica do carbono

Mangrove forests associated with salt flats: a case study from southeast Brazil

No presente estudo, a variabilidade estrutural de uma floresta de mangue associada a uma planície hipersalina na Baía de Sepetiba (SE-Brasil) é analisada. A estrutura vegetal e a salinidade da água intersticial foram medidas em 32 parcelas estabelecidas ao longo de 3 transectos localizados desde a margem do estuário até a transição com a planície hipersalina. O desenvolvimento estrutural foi altamente variável, com altura média variando entre 0,54 m e 7,96 m, diâmetro médio entre 1,58 cm e 9,46 cm e densidade de troncos entre 2.733 troncos vivos.ha-1 e 106.667 troncos vivos.ha-1. A variabilidade da estrutura vegetal respondeu ao gradiente de aumento da salinidade da água intersticial à planície hipersalina, com a altura e o diâmetro médios diminuindo e a densidade de troncos aumentando no mesmo sentido. O seguinte padrão de dominância de espécies foi observado: Rhizophora mangle nas proximidades da margem do estuário; Laguncularia racemosa na transição com a planície hipersalina; e Avicennia schauerianna nas zonas intermediárias. O entendimento das características estruturais das florestas de mangue e suas relações com estressores naturais (ex. salinidade) contribuirá para a melhor compreensão da dinâmica das espécies ao longo de planícies costeiras associadas à planícies hipersalinas bem preservadas como em Guaratiba.In this study, forest structure variability of a mangrove associated to a salt flat in Sepetiba Bay (SE-Brazil) was assessed. Forest structure and interstitial water salinity were measured in 32 plots established along three transects ranging from the margin of the estuary to the transition with the salt flat. Structural development was shown to be highly variable, with mean height ranging from 0.54 m to 7.96 m, mean diameter ranging from 1.58 cm to 9.46 cm and trunk density ranging from 2,733 live trunks.ha-1 to 106,667 live trunks.ha-1. Forest structure variability responded to the gradient of increasing interstitial water salinity towards the salt flat, with mean height and diameter decreasing and trunks density increasing progressively in the same direction. The following pattern of species dominance was observed: Rhizophora mangle near the estuary margin; Laguncularia racemosa at the transition with the salt flat; and Avicennia schaueriana on intermediate zones. The assessment of structural characteristics of mangrove forests and their relationships with natural stressors (e.g., salinity) contribute to better understand the dynamics of the species along coastal plains associated with preserved salt flats, such as the one found in Guaratiba

Virtual Asset Representation for enabling Adaptive Assembly at the Example of Electric Vehicle Production

Manufacturing companies are confronted with the challenge of adapting to ever-changing requirements of markets in order to remain competitive. Besides the rising number of product variants, increasingly frequent product changes require a continuous adaptation of assembly processes including its work instructions. Adaptive and highly connected agile assembly systems are designed to meet these challenges by enabling the interaction of various assets in assembly. A successful implementation of such Industry 4.0 (I4.0) solutions requires the development of a semantic oriented adaptive framework, which connects the physical with the virtual world. It enables interactive and situation-aware solutions such as Augmented Reality applications to adapt to worker capabilities and to improve worker satisfaction by providing information, based on individual experience, skills and personal preferences. A central part of the adaptive framework is the semantic representation of tangible and intangible assets through a Virtual Asset Representation containing all relevant asset information for adaptive assembly. This paper shows a three levels structure for adaptive assembly implementation, consisting of the adaptive framework level, the Virtual Asset Representation (VAR) ontology level and the use case level. The implementation of an adaptive assembly system is shown in the use case of a rear light assembly process of an electric vehicle in the context of the EU funded project A4BLUE. Based on the gained experiences a critical reflection on target fulfilment and user-friendliness of the VAR is given

The specialized white-sand flora of the Uatumã Sustainable Development Reserve, central Amazon, Brazil

The consensus is that Amazonian white-sand ecosystems (campinaranas) shelter several endemic plant species. However, recent studies have shown that most species are generalists, and they also occur in other Neotropical ecosystems. To investigate this issue, we analyzed the proportion of endemic/specialist species in a checklist of trees, palms, and shrubs sampled between 2014 and 2020 in campinarana patches of the Uatumã Sustainable Development Reserve (USDR), central Amazon. We also provide a description of phytophysiognomies, habitats, distribution, and phenology. We found 167 species belonging to 117 genera and 50 families. Fabaceae was the most representative (21 spp.), followed by Rubiaceae (16 spp.) and Chrysobalanaceae (10 spp.). We found that 30.5% of the species were exclusive to campinaranas, confirming that although there are many endemics, proportionally most species are generalists. The USDR has a rich flora specialized in oligotrophic habitats, which must be considered in the management and conservation strategies of these complex and fragile Amazonian ecosystems

The activity of laurel essential oil (crude and fractions) in the control of adult bovine ticks and larvae

Ectoparasites cause direct and indirect losses to farmers, affecting the production of meat and milk and increasing the production costs due to the acquisition of acaricides to maintain cattle health. The financial losses caused by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, which is the main livestock ectoparasite in Brazil, reach approximately US$ 3 billion annually. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal effect of the crude essential oil (EO) and EO’s fractions (FR) obtained from Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) leaves on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Eight fractions were obtained, wherein five major compounds were identified (sabinene, α-terpinyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, linalool, and α-terpineol). The acaricidal activity of these FR was tested by the larval packet test. The EO was tested by the adult immersion test, and, at concentrations of 200, 100 and 50 µL/mL, the oil caused mortality of engorged females, egg mass reduction, and hatching inhibition. The fractions with α-terpineol and sabinene, as the major compounds, were the most active larvicides (LC50=0.13 µL/mL, LC99=0.51 µL/mL; and LC50=0.20 µL/mL, LC99=0.56 µL/mL, respectively). This assessment also indicated that fractionation was important since most of the fractions obtained were more active than the EO. Furthermore, this is the first report of laurel EO and its fractions employed in the control of cattle ticks. Thereby, new prospects for the use of this essential oil or its chromatographic fractions in products applied for cattle tick control can be opened up. However, studies in other stages of development of cattle ticks for the active fractions, and studies under field conditions, the effect on non-target organisms and residual effect on the environment are still needed to evaluate the acaricidal activity of EO and its active fractions

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEUKEMIC EVOLUTION AND UNCOMMON CHROMOSOMAL ALTERATIONS IN PEDIATRIC MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME

Background and objective: Pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome (pMDS) is a group of rare clonal neoplasms with a difficult diagnosis and risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The early stratification in risk groups is essential to choosing the treatment and indication for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). According to the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System, cytogenetic analysis has demonstrated an essential role in diagnosis and prognosis. In pMDS, abnormal karyotypes are present in 30-50% of the cases.  Monosomy 7 is the most common chromosomal alteration associated with poor prognosis. However, the rarity of specific cytogenetic alterations makes its prognosis uncertain. Thus, this study aimed to describe uncommon cytogenetic alterations in a cohort of 200 pMDS patients and their association with evolution to AML. Methods: The cytogenetic analysis was performed in 200 pMDS patients by G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization between 2000 to 2022. Results: Rare chromosome alterations were observed in 7.5% (15/200) of the cases. These chromosome alterations were divided into four cytogenetic groups: hyperdiploidy, biclonal chromosomal alterations, translocations, and uncommon deletions, which represented 33.3%, 33.3%, 20%, and 13.3%, respectively. Most of these patients (10/15) were classified with advanced MDS (MDS-EB and MDS/AML) and the initial subtype was present in five patients (RCC). The leukemic evolution was observed in 66.66% (10/15) of the patients. Most patients had poor clinical outcomes and they were indicated for HSCT.  Conclusion: The study of uncommon cytogenetic alterations in pMDS is important to improve the prognosis and guide early indication of HSCT.  Keywords: Pediatric MDS; Leukemic evolution; rare chromosomal altwerations; HSCT, Childre

A pan-European epidemiological study reveals honey bee colony survival depends on beekeeper education and disease control

Reports of honey bee population decline has spurred many national efforts to understand the extent of the problem and to identify causative or associated factors. However, our collective understanding of the factors has been hampered by a lack of joined up trans-national effort. Moreover, the impacts of beekeeper knowledge and beekeeping management practices have often been overlooked, despite honey bees being a managed pollinator. Here, we established a standardised active monitoring network for 5 798 apiaries over two consecutive years to quantify honey bee colony mortality across 17 European countries. Our data demonstrate that overwinter losses ranged between 2% and 32%, and that high summer losses were likely to follow high winter losses. Multivariate Poisson regression models revealed that hobbyist beekeepers with small apiaries and little experience in beekeeping had double the winter mortality rate when compared to professional beekeepers. Furthermore, honey bees kept by professional beekeepers never showed signs of disease, unlike apiaries from hobbyist beekeepers that had symptoms of bacterial infection and heavy Varroa infestation. Our data highlight beekeeper background and apicultural practices as major drivers of honey bee colony losses. The benefits of conducting trans-national monitoring schemes and improving beekeeper training are discussed