Mental Disorders in Megacities: Findings from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey, Brazil

Background: World population growth is projected to be concentrated in megacities, with increases in social inequality and urbanization-associated stress. São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA) provides a forewarning of the burden of mental disorders in urban settings in developing world. The aim of this study is to estimate prevalence, severity, and treatment of recently active DSM-IV mental disorders. We examined socio-demographic correlates, aspects of urban living such as internal migration, exposure to violence, and neighborhood-level social deprivation with 12-month mental disorders. Methods and Results: A representative cross-sectional household sample of 5,037 adults was interviewed face-to-face using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), to generate diagnoses of DSM-IV mental disorders within 12 months of interview, disorder severity, and treatment. Administrative data on neighborhood social deprivation were gathered. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate individual and contextual correlates of disorders, severity, and treatment. Around thirty percent of respondents reported a 12-month disorder, with an even distribution across severity levels. Anxiety disorders were the most common disorders (affecting 19.9%), followed by mood (11%), impulse-control (4.3%), and substance use (3.6%) disorders. Exposure to crime was associated with all four types of disorder. Migrants had low prevalence of all four types compared to stable residents. High urbanicity was associated with impulse-control disorders and high social deprivation with substance use disorders. Vulnerable subgroups were observed: women and migrant men living in most deprived areas. Only one-third of serious cases had received treatment in the previous year. Discussion: Adults living in São Paulo megacity had prevalence of mental disorders at greater levels than similar surveys conducted in other areas of the world. Integration of mental health promotion and care into the rapidly expanding Brazilian primary health system should be strengthened. This strategy might become a model for poorly resourced and highly populated developing countries

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Perspectiva relacional no estudo do processo de trabalho em saúde: contribuição para uma nova abordagem a partir do estudo da prática do nutricionista no campo da alimentação institucional

Como parte da revisão teórico-conceitual para o estudo da prática do nutricionista em um Complexo Industrial, desenvolve-se uma discussão sobre o modo como vem sendo abordada a noção de processo de trabalho e os limites de tais abordagens. O estudo parte da crítica ao enfoque marxista clássico, passa por Braverman e chega a autores que vêm se destacando por recentes contribuições à teoria do processo de trabalho, a exemplo de Littler, Thompson, Knights, Edwards e Burawoy. A partir das referidas contribuições, a prática do nutricionista coloca-se sob o prisma das Políticas de Produção e das Relações de Gênero, numa abordagem "casada", as quais, do ponto de vista analítico, buscam complementar-se. Conclui-se com um quadro de referências, que busca, através da finalidade da prática do nutricionista nestas indústrias, relativizar tanto a independência do sujeito profissional, quanto o determinismo estrutural presente na literatura sobre o tema em nosso meio

First- and second-row transition metal oxa-aza macrocyclic complexes: a DFT study of an octahedral conformation

A theoretical study of structures of the 1,7,1 l,17-tetraoxa-2,6,12,16-tetraaza-cycloeicosane ligand ([20]AneN(4)O(4)) coordinated to Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ru2+, Rh2+, and Pd2+ transition metals ions was carried out with the DFT/B3LYP method. Complexes were fully optimized in C-s symmetry with the metal ions coordinated either to nitrogen (1a) or oxygen atoms (1b). For all the cases performed in this work, 1a was always more stable than 1b. Considering each row it is possible to see that the binding energy increases with the atomic number. The M2+ cation binding energies increase in the following order: Fe2+ < Ru2+ < Co2+ < Ni2+ < Rh2+ < Pd2+. In addition, it was observed the preference of Pd2+ and Rh2+ complexes for a tetrahedral arrangement, while Fe2+, Ru2+, Co2+, Ni2+ complexes had a preference for the octahedral arrangement. From the orbital representation results, it was seen that 1b unsymmetrical orbitals may influence the susceptibility over metal ions orientation toward heteroatoms orbitals.FAPERJ (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior)CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico

Perspectiva relacional no estudo do processo de trabalho em saúde: contribuição para uma nova abordagem a partir do estudo da prática do nutricionista no campo da alimentação institucional A relational perspective in the study of the work process in health: a contribution to a new approach starting from the study of the practice of the nutritionist in the area of institutional nutrition

Como parte da revisão teórico-conceitual para o estudo da prática do nutricionista em um Complexo Industrial, desenvolve-se uma discussão sobre o modo como vem sendo abordada a noção de processo de trabalho e os limites de tais abordagens. O estudo parte da crítica ao enfoque marxista clássico, passa por Braverman e chega a autores que vêm se destacando por recentes contribuições à teoria do processo de trabalho, a exemplo de Littler, Thompson, Knights, Edwards e Burawoy. A partir das referidas contribuições, a prática do nutricionista coloca-se sob o prisma das Políticas de Produção e das Relações de Gênero, numa abordagem "casada", as quais, do ponto de vista analítico, buscam complementar-se. Conclui-se com um quadro de referências, que busca, através da finalidade da prática do nutricionista nestas indústrias, relativizar tanto a independência do sujeito profissional, quanto o determinismo estrutural presente na literatura sobre o tema em nosso meio.<br>As part of the theoretical-conceptual review for a study of the practice of the nutritionist in an Industrial Complex, a discussion on the ways in which the notion of the work process has been dealt with and limits of such approaches were carried out. The study goes from a criticism of the classical marxist line, through Braverman and ends up with those authors who have stood out recently for their contributions to the theory of the work process, for example, Littler, Thompson, Knights, Edwards and Burawoy. Using these contributions as starting point, the nutritionist's practice is examined from both the standpoints of the Production and the Gender Relatioships in a combined approach which, from the analytic point of view, try to complement each other. The study is concluded with a frame of reference the searchs through the nutritionist's practice meaning at industries to relativized both the independence of the professional subject and the structural determinism as it is portrayed in the literature produced here