Induction and migration of cryptic/defective Salmonella enterica prophages as a consequence of infection with lytic phages is an additional factor in stability of a coevolutionary vector

The influence of infection of natural isolates of Salmonella enterica with lytic (nonlysogenic) phages on the expression of resident cryptic or defective prophages in host bacteria was studied. The induction of defective/cryptic phages after infection with nonlysogenic phages and packaging of bacterial chromosomal fragments in capsids of defective phages is demonstrated. This may lead to migration and wide distribution of both the genomes of defective phages per se and various fragments of the bacterial chromosome (including pathogenic islands) in new bacterial strains with concomitant change of their properties, the acquired new features of pathogenicity among them.This work was supported by EC PhageVet-P (contract no. FOOD-CT-2005-007224) and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 08-04-00162-a). We gratefully acknowledge the support of organizations presenting the grants.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comissioning of the linear accelerator-injector at the TNK facility

The industrial storage facility has been developed and manufactured at the Budker INP SB RAS. It contains an 80 MeV electron linear accelerator-injector and two electron storage rings: the lesser 450 MeV booster ring and the main 2.5 GeV storage ring. In 2002, the work on the accelerator assembling was begun. On December, 25 this year the accelerator was started up, and the current at the linear accelerator output was obtained. The linear accelerator schematic together with a description of the 6 meter long accelerating DAW structure which operates at 2.8 GHz, are presented in the paper. The first results of the accelerator start-up are as follows: the accelerated electron current of ~50 mA with the energy of ~55...60 MeV.Технологічний накопичувальний комплекс був спроектований і виготовлений у ІЯФ ім. Г.І. Будкера СВ РАН. Він містить у собі інжектор–лінійний прискорювач електронів з енергією до 80 МеВ і два накопичувачі електронів: малий накопичувач–бустер на енергію 450 МеВ і основний накопичувач на енергію 2.5 ГеВ. Приводяться функціональна схема лінійного прискорювача й опис конструкції прискорюючої структури із шайбами і діафрагмами довжиною 6 м, що працює на частоті 2.8 ГГц.Представлено перші результати запуску прискорювача: отриманий прискорений струм електронів ~50 мА з енергією ~(55...60) МеВ.Технологический накопительный комплекс был спроектирован и изготовлен в ИЯФ им. Г.И. Будкера СО РАН. Он включает в себя инжектор–линейный ускоритель электронов с энергией до 80 МэВ и два накопителя электронов: малый накопитель–бустер на энергию 450 МэВ и основной накопитель на энергию 2.5 ГэВ. Приводятся функциональная схема линейного ускорителя и описание конструкции ускоряющей структуры с шайбами и диафрагмами длиной 6 метров, работающей на частоте 2.8 ГГц. Представлены первые результаты запуска ускорителя: получен ускоренный ток электронов ~50 мA с энергией ~(55...60) МэВ

Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm

We present the first results of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment for the positive muon magnetic anomaly $a_\mu \equiv (g_\mu-2)/2$. The anomaly is determined from the precision measurements of two angular frequencies. Intensity variation of high-energy positrons from muon decays directly encodes the difference frequency $\omega_a$ between the spin-precession and cyclotron frequencies for polarized muons in a magnetic storage ring. The storage ring magnetic field is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance probes calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency ${\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$ in a spherical water sample at 34.7$^{\circ}$C. The ratio $\omega_a / {\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$, together with known fundamental constants, determines $a_\mu({\rm FNAL}) = 116\,592\,040(54)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.46\,ppm). The result is 3.3 standard deviations greater than the standard model prediction and is in excellent agreement with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 measurement. After combination with previous measurements of both $\mu^+$ and $\mu^-$, the new experimental average of $a_\mu({\rm Exp}) = 116\,592\,061(41)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.35\,ppm) increases the tension between experiment and theory to 4.2 standard deviationsComment: 10 pages; 4 figure

The golden rose by Konstantin Paustovsky: Reception of Russia as a conceptual image in modern Chinese literary culture

© 2020 Tomsk State University. All rights reserved. Recent literary studies in the field of environmental postmodernism have been telling about the philosophical and aesthetic concept "unity of human and nature", as championed by Konstantin Paustovsky in his lyrical ecofiction novella The Golden Rose, as a focal point of the research efforts of Chinese academics. Chinese scholars of Russian Studies have raised a range of intertwined issues related to various snapshots of Russian realities depicted in the work. The article presents the findings of a systematic analysis of the reception in China of the conceptual image of Russia in the above text. The autobiographical notes of the novella also serve as the writer's travelogue. The narrative is built around the image of the Homeland as it appears in the poetic vision of the writer. Backed by his own interpretation of this image, he tries to make sense of the Homeland that is contemporary to him, giving the reader an opportunity to look at his native country through the lens of his personal impressions and experiences. This study provides a modern Chinese take on the structural components of this image, that is, its threefold "nature-people-language" model, and also shares a Chinese perspective on the concept of the "Russian world", as it was advocated by Paustovsky, communicated through reminiscences and allusions found in the writings by the representatives of the Chinese "school of lyrical prose" that displays a close affinity with the stance adopted in The Golden Rose. Nature is the ideological and thematic backbone of the novella and serves as the starting point for the analysis of the narrative structure of the text and the philosophical reasoning behind it. The pervasive lyrical motif of happiness embodied in the above imagery reveals the concept of harmony among human beings with nature in Paustovsky's environmentallyminded aesthetics. The image of the Russian nature/culture reappears in the works by Chinese prose writers (Xu Lu, Zhang Wu), overlapping at different levels with the poetics of the Russian writer, which attests to the consistent unfolding of the main idea of Paustovsky: "humans in harmony with nature". The image of the "treasury of Russian words" is the result of the writer's deep immersion into the natural world, the village life, and folk culture. Bringing Russian realities into harmony is achieved through the interaction of various components of the "nature-people-language" imagery systems. It can be argued that, in The Golden Rose, a polysemantic and genetically mosaic image of Russia was conceived and developed as another manifestation of Paustovsky's aesthetic concept of the unity of nature and the happy human. As a result, Paustovsky's Homeland is perceived by the Chinese readership as an idyllic "transcendental paradise" and a "rosy dream". The traditions of the writer's lyrical ecofiction are reincarnated and further developed in the modern Chinese literature. This will be instrumental in opening up new perspectives for studying the perception of Paustovsky's oeuvre in China alongside the relationships between Russian and Chinese literatures in the 21st century

Method and style of religious and philosophical criticism of vasily rozanov

© 2020, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved. The appearance of a significant and new figure in criticism cannot be accidental. Criticism as a specific form of activity presupposes an equally special mindset for which somewhat different tasks are important than, for example, for a philosopher, an artist or a scientist. The purpose of the present article is to show how the specific method of working with text and the unique literary style of Rozanov determined his way from philosophy to criticism. Methodological principles and stylistic features are discovered in V. Rozanov’s literary and critical heritage, which later become attribute features of Russian religious and philosophical thought

Automation of the cluster analysis of measuring with use of wavelet transforming

Предложен метод статистического анализа технологических процессов производства изделий радиоэлектронного приборостроения на основе вычисления параметров контрольных карт с помощью помехоустойчивой кластеризации с использованием вейвлет-преобразования. Такой подход позволяет при автоматизированном контроле технологического процесса повысить качество кластеризации в условиях априорной неопределенности, обусловленной отсутствием информации о форме кластеров в случае зашумленных малых наборов данных измерений.Запропонований метод статистичного аналізу технологічних процесів виробництва виробів радіоелектронного приладобудування на основі обчислення параметрів контрольних карт шляхом завадостійкої кластеризації з використанням вейвлет-перетворення. Такий підхід дозволяє при автоматизованому контролі технологічного процесу підвищити якість кластеризації в умовах апріорної невизначеності, яка обумовлена відсутністю інформації про форму кластерів в умовах зашумлених малих наборів даних вимірювань.The method of statistical technological process analysis for electronic apparatus production is suggested. This method based on noise stabilities clustering with wavelet transforming utilization. Such approach allows inspected of technological production process of electronic apparatus with highest level clustering quality. Such approach is recommended in case of control data with high level noise, when the information about form of clusters is absent

Research of the automated classification using the wavelet transform

Проведено исследование методов классификации с обучением с определением коэффициентов разделяющих поверхностей с помощью методов оптимизации с использованием вейвлет-преобразования с учетом и без учета ограничений (в виде неравенств). Предложены рекомендации для выбора метода оптимизации при классификации в автоматизированных системах с учетом особенностей этапа производственного процесса, на котором проводится классификация. Эти рекомендации позволяют обосновать выбор вариантов метода поиска оптимума при классификации в зависимости от этапа обучения (дополнительного обучения) автоматизированной системы и, как правило, противоречивых требований по быстродействию и достоверности классификации в конкретной производственной ситуации.Проведено дослідження методів класифікації з навчанням з визначенням коефіцієнтів розділяючих поверхонь з допомогою методів оптимізації з використанням вейвлет-перетворення з урахуванням та без урахування обмежень у вигляді нерівностей. Запропоновані рекомендації для вибору методу оптимізації при класифікації в автоматизованих системах з урахуванням особливостей етапу виробництва. Ці рекомендації дозволяють обґрунтувати вибір методу пошуку оптимуму при класифікації в залежності від етапу навчання (додаткового навчання) автоматизованої системи та, як правило, протилежних вимог до швидкодії і достовірності класифікації в конкретній ситуації на виробництві.A study of methods of classification learning with determination coefficients separating surfaces by using optimization methods in the base of wavelet transform with and without constraints (in the form of inequalities) is carried out. Recommendations for selecting optimization method for the classification in the automated systems are allowed for the stage of the production process is propozed. These recommendations can justify the choice of optimization method for the classification depending on the stage of training (additional training) of the automated system and, as a rule, conflicting demands on speed and accuracy of classification at the specific situation

DNA mapping in the capsid of giant bacteriophage phiEL (Caudovirales: Myoviridae: Elvirus) by analytical electron microscopy [Картирование ДНК в капсиде гигантского бактериофага phiEL (Caudovirales: Myoviridae: Elvirus) с помощью аналитической электронной микроскопии]

Introduction. Giant phiKZ-like bacteriophages have a unique protein formation inside the capsid, an inner body (IB) with supercoiled DNA molecule wrapped around it. Standard cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) approaches do not allow to distinguish this structure from the surrounding nucleic acid of the phage. We previously developed an analytical approach to visualize protein-DNA complexes on Escherichia coli bacterial cell slices using the chemical element phosphorus as a marker. In the study presented, we adapted this technique for much smaller objects, namely the capsids of phiKZ-like bacteriophages. Material and methods. Following electron microscopy techniques were used in the study: analytical (AEM) (electron energy loss spectroscopy, EELS), and cryo-EM (images of samples subjected to low and high dose of electron irradiation were compared). Results. We studied DNA packaging inside the capsids of giant bacteriophages phiEL from the Myoviridae family that infect Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phosphorus distribution maps were obtained, showing an asymmetrical arrangement of DNA inside the capsid. Discussion. We developed and applied an IB imaging technique using high-angle annular dark-field detector (HAADF) and the STEM-EELS analytical approach. Phosphorus mapping by EELS and cryo-electron microscopy revealed a protein formation as IB within the phage phiEL capsid. The size of IB was estimated using theoretical calculations. Conclusion. The developed technique can be applied to study the distribution of phosphorus in other DNA- or RNA-containing viruses at relatively low concentrations of the element sought. © 2021 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved