Development of dysbiosis in the organism of rats receiving a high-fat diet

Background. To determine the effect on the degree of dysbiosis in the organs and tissues of rats treated with high-fat diet (HFD) using fats with various fatty acid compositions.Methods. We used ordinary (high-linoleic) sunflower oil, high-oleic sunflower oil, butter, palm and coconut oils. Rats were fed with 15 % of each of the fats for 64 days. In the blood serum from v.cava and v. porta, in the liver, heart, brain, skeletal muscles and intestinal mucosa, urease activity (an indicator of bacterial insemination), lysozyme activity (a factor of non-specific immunity) were determined, and the degree of dysbiosis was calculated from the ratio of relative urease and lysozyme activities. Results. The activity of urease in the blood of v. porta increased in rats treated with HFD, and was significantly higher than in the blood of v.cava. In most of the studied tissues, urease activity increased after HFD, with the exception of rats receiving high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO). In contrast, lysozyme activity was reduced in most tissues, with the exception of rats treated with HOSO. The degree of dysbiosis increased after HFD with the exception of rats treated with HOSO.Conclusion. HFD increases the translocation of bacteria from the intestine. The liver partially neutralizes the microflora coming from the intestines. In blood serum from v. cava and v. porta, urease activity (an indicator of bacterial contamination), lysozyme activity (nonspecific immunity factor) were determined in the liver, heart, brain, skeletal muscle and intestinal mucosa, and the degree of dysbiosis was calculated by the ratio of the relative activities of urease and lysozyme.Results. Blood urease activity v. porta was elevated in rats treated with HFD and was significantly higher than in blood v. cava. In most of the tissues studied, urease activity increased after HFD with the exception of rats treated with high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO), the development of dysbiosis in all tissues of the body. The exception is HOSO, which does not cause the development of dysbiosis and inflammation

Hadron and Quark Form Factors in the Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator Model

Nucleon, pion and quark form factors are studied within the relativistic harmonic oscillator model including the quark spin. It is shown that the nucleon charge, magnetic and axial form factors and the pion charge form factor can be explained with one oscillator parameter if one accounts for the scaling rule and the size of the constituent quarks.Comment: 9 pages, Latex, 3 postscript figures, DFTT 8/9

The Boltzmann equation for colourless plasmons in hot QCD plasma. Semiclassical approximation

Within the framework of the semiclassical approximation, we derive the Boltzmann equation describing the dynamics of colorless plasmons in a hot QCD plasma. The probability of the plasmon-plasmon scattering at the leading order in the coupling constant is obtained. This probability is gauge-independent at least in the class of the covariant and temporal gauges. It is noted that the structure of the scattering kernel possesses important qualitative difference from the corresponding one in the Abelian plasma, in spite of the fact that we focused our study on the colorless soft excitations. It is shown that four-plasmon decay is suppressed by the power of $g$ relative to the process of nonlinear scattering of plasmons by thermal particles at the soft momentum scale. It is stated that the former process becomes important in going to the ultrasoft region of the momentum scale.Comment: 41, LaTeX, minor changes, identical to published versio

Spiral Growth and Step Edge Barriers

The growth of spiral mounds containing a screw dislocation is compared to the growth of wedding cakes by two-dimensional nucleation. Using phase field simulations and homoepitaxial growth experiments on the Pt(111) surface we show that both structures attain the same characteristic large scale shape when a significant step edge barrier suppresses interlayer transport. The higher vertical growth rate observed for the spiral mounds on Pt(111) reflects the different incorporation mechanisms for atoms in the top region and can be formally represented by an enhanced apparent step edge barrier.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, partly in colo

Parity violating cylindrical shell in the framework of QED

We present calculations of Casimir energy (CE) in a system of quantized electromagnetic (EM) field interacting with an infinite circular cylindrical shell (which we call `the defect'). Interaction is described in the only QFT-consistent way by Chern-Simon action concentrated on the defect, with a single coupling constant $a$. For regularization of UV divergencies of the theory we use % physically motivated Pauli-Villars regularization of the free EM action. The divergencies are extracted as a polynomial in regularization mass $M$, and they renormalize classical part of the surface action. We reveal the dependence of CE on the coupling constant $a$. Corresponding Casimir force is attractive for all values of $a$. For $a\to\infty$ we reproduce the known results for CE for perfectly conducting cylindrical shell first obtained by DeRaad and Milton.Comment: Typos corrected. Some references adde

A Cosmological Theory without Singularities

A theory of gravitation is constructed in which all homogeneous and isotropic solutions are nonsingular, and in which all curvature invariants are bounded. All solutions for which curvature invariants approach their limiting values approach de Sitter space. The action for this theory is obtained by a higher derivative modification of Einstein's theory. We expect that our model can easily be generalized to solve the singularity problem also for anisotropic cosmologies.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures (available as hard copies from the authors), uses phyzzx, BROWN-HET-89

Measurements of light background at large depth in the ocean

The mean intensity of Cerenkov emission from the products of K(40) decay and bioluminescence was measured at depths to 5 km. The intensity of ocean light background is found to depend upon depth and at the 5 km level is equal on averaged to 300 + or - 60 quanta/sq cms into spatial angle of 2 pi sterradian in transparency window. The amplitudes, duration and number of BL flashes were measured at various depths. The intensive flashes due to BL are shown to be observed rather seldom at depths over 4 km

Взаємодія 4,5-диформіл-2,3,6,7,8,10-гексагідроакридин-8а(1Н)-карбонітрилу з N-нуклеофілами

Schiff bases are of practical interest as initial materials both for the combinatorial synthesis for libraries of compounds, and for preparation of complexes with metals; thus, currently the intensity of research in this direction is increasing. The possibilities of practical use of complex compounds with organic ligands are quite broad varying from effective catalysts of various chemical processes to molecular sensors. While studying formylation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,2-quinazolin]-4’(3’H)-one a new domino reaction, which makes it possible to obtain tricyclic acridine systems, has been carried out. In spite of the reduced electrophilicity of the aldehyde groups in 4,5-diformyl-2,3,6,7,8,10-hexahydroacridine-8а(1H)-carbonitrile the latter is shown to react with various amines in benzene with azeotropic removal of water using p-TsOH as a catalyst, and with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in i-PrOH. New Schiff bases and oxime obtained are of potential interest as ligands for formation of chelate complexes. The reaction of dialdehyde with N2H4×H2O instead of the expected hydrazone resulted in obtaining a macrocyclic compound – a derivative of hexaazacyclooctadecine. The structure of the compounds obtained corresponds to the data of 1H NMR-spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The preliminary studies have shown that azomethines – 4,5-phenyl(cyclohexcyl)iminomethyl-2,3,6,7,8,10-hexahydroacridine8а(1H)-carbonitrile create complexes with copper and nickel ions.Основания Шиффа представляют практический интерес в качестве исходных как для комбинаторного синтеза библиотек веществ, так и для создания комплексов с металлами, и в последнее время интенсивность исследований в данном направлении только увеличивается. Возможности практического использования комплексных соединений с органическими лигандами весьма широки: от эффективных катализаторов различных химических процессов до молекулярных сенсоров. В ходе изучения формилирования 5’,6’,7’,8’-тетрагидро-1’Н-спиро[циклогексан-1,2’-хиназолин]-4’(3’Н)-она нами была найдена новая домино-реакция, которая позволяет выйти на трициклические гидрированные акридиновые системы. Показано, что несмотря на сниженную электрофильность альдегидных групп в 4,5-диформил2,3,6,7,8,10-гексагидроакридин-8а(1Н)-карбонитриле, он реагирует с различными аминами в бензоле с азеотропной отгонкой воды с применением в качестве катализатора p-TsOH, а также с солянокислым гидроксиламином в i-PrOH. Полученные основания Шиффа и оксим представляют потенциальный интерес в качестве лигандов для образования хелатных комплексов. В результате реакции диальдегида с N2H4×H2O вместо ожидаемого гидразона получено макроциклическое соединение – производное гексаазациклооктадецина. Строение всех полученных соединений согласуется с данными ЯМР 1Н-спектроскопии, масс-спектрометрии и элементного анализа. Предварительные исследования показали, что азометины − 4,5-фенил(циклогексил)иминометил-2,3,6,7,8,10-гексагидроакридин-8а(1Н)карбонитрила образуют комплексные соединения с ионами никеля и меди. Основи Шиффа становлять практичний інтерес в якості вихідних як для комбінаторного синтезу бібліотек речовин, так і для створення комплексів з металами, і останнім часом інтенсивність досліджень у даному напрямку тільки збільшується. Можливості практичного використання комплексів з органічними лігандами досить широкі: від ефективних каталізаторів хімічних процесів до молекулярних сенсорів. У ході вивчення формілювання 5’,6’,7’,8’-тетрагідро-1’Н-спіро[циклогексан-1,2’-хіназолін]-4’(3’Н)-ону нами була відкрита нова доміно-реакція, яка дозволяє вийти на трициклічні гідровані акридинові системи. Показано, що незважаючи на знижену електрофільність альдегідних груп у 4,5-диформіл-2,3,6,7,8,10-гексагідроакридину-8а(1Н)-карбонітрилі, він реагує з різними амінами у бензолі з азеотропною відгонкою води з використанням в якості каталізатора p-TsOH, а також з солянокислим гідроксиламіном у i-PrOH. Отримані основи Шиффа та оксим становлять потенційний інтерес у якості лігандів для утворення хелатних комплексів. У результаті реакції діальдегіду з N2H4×H2O замість очікуваного гідразону отримано макроциклічну сполуку – похідну гексаазациклооктадецину. Будова всіх отриманих сполук підтверджена даними ЯМР 1Н-спектроскопії, мас-спектрометрії і елементного аналізу. Попередні дослідження продемонстрували, що азометини – 4,5-феніл(циклогексил)імінометил-2, 3,6,7,8,10-гексагідроакридин-8а(1Н)-карбонітрилу утворюють комплексні сполуки з іонами нікелю та міді

Classical model of elementary particle with Bertotti-Robinson core and extremal black holes

We discuss the question, whether the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m RN) metric can be glued to another solutions of Einstein-Maxwell equations in such a way that (i) the singularity at r=0 typical of the RN metric is removed (ii), matching is smooth. Such a construction could be viewed as a classical model of an elementary particle balanced by its own forces without support by an external agent. One choice is the Minkowski interior that goes back to the old Vilenkin and Fomin's idea who claimed that in this case the bare delta-like stresses at the horizon vanish if the RN metric is extremal. However, the relevant entity here is the integral of these stresses over the proper distance which is infinite in the extremal case. As a result of the competition of these two factors, the Lanczos tensor does not vanish and the extremal RN cannot be glued to the Minkowski metric smoothly, so the elementary-particle model as a ball empty inside fails. We examine the alternative possibility for the extremal RN metric - gluing to the Bertotti-Robinson (BR) metric. For a surface placed outside the horizon there always exist bare stresses but their amplitude goes to zero as the radius of the shell approaches that of the horizon. This limit realizes the Wheeler idea of "mass without mass" and "charge without charge". We generalize the model to the extremal Kerr-Newman metric glued to the rotating analog of the BR metric.Comment: 23 pages. Misprints correcte

3D-4D Interlinkage Of qqq Wave Functions Under 3D Support For Pairwise Bethe-Salpeter Kernels

Using the method of Green's functions within a Bethe-Salpeter framework characterized by a pairwise qq interaction with a Lorentz-covariant 3D support to its kernel, the 4D BS wave function for a system of 3 identical relativistic spinless quarks is reconstructed from the corresponding 3D form which satisfies a fully connected 3D BSE. This result is a 3-body generalization of a similar 2-body result found earlier under identical conditions of a 3D support to the corresponding qq-bar BS kernel under Covariant Instaneity (CIA for short). (The generalization from spinless to fermion quarks is straightforward). To set the CIA with 3D BS kernel support ansatz in the context of contemporary approaches to the qqq baryon problem, a model scalar 4D qqq BSE with pairwise contact interactions to simulate the NJL-Faddeev equations is worked out fully, and a comparison of both vertex functions shows that the CIA vertex reduces exactly to the NJL form in the limit of zero spatial range. This consistency check on the CIA vertex function is part of a fuller accounting for its mathematical structure whose physical motivation is traceable to the role of `spectroscopy' as an integral part of the dynamics.Comment: 20 pages, Latex, submitted via the account of K.-C. Yan