Zemljomorje Ursule Legvin u kontekstu podžanra visoke (epske) fantastike

Earthsea, a series which comprises five fantasy novels, eight short stories and a description of the eponymous fictional universe, was published between 1964 and 2014. Over the span of fifty years, the idiolect and the perspective of the author, the American novelist Ursula K. Le Guin (1929-2018), had underwent considerable change, and with it evolved the fictional world depicted in her work. We examine Earthsea in the context of the subgenre of high/epic fantasy. How does this work conform to the “patterns” of traditional high fantasy, as determined by J. R. R. Tolkien in his Middle-Earth Saga and what are the new elements by means of which the author contributes to the evolution of the subgenre? Chapter one gives an overview of the recently deceased author’s corpus. Chapter two deals with the theoretical features of high (epic) fantasy subgenre – the creation of a specific fictional universe, the role of magic, the conflict between good and evil, and the heroes’ journey – preceded by general theoretical considerations of genre. A detailed analysis of the distinctive elements of the Earthsea’s universe will be tackled in chapter three focusing primarily on the differences between the first and the second trilogy, generally said to make up the book series. Many critics regard the first trilogy as Tolkienian, whereas the second trilogy is commonly perceived as modern. However, this research identifies a consistent trend of deviations from Tolkien’s model of high fantasy, evident in the internalization of good and evil (both reside within man and not outside), a larger number of female characters, unconventional heroes and heroines, revised treatments of magic and an alternative world view – less western and more far-eastern oriented (primarily Taoistic perspective). The second trilogy introduces the themes that go beyond the conventional characteristics of the subgenre – rape, status of women, environmental protection and multiculturalism. The journey of two main male and three female protagonists will receive critical attention in chapter four, while chapters five and six deal with “the woman question” and ecocriticism in terms of approaching the Earthsea series as an eco-narrative. The concluding chapter concerns the anime adaptation by the Japanese author Goro Miyazaki, revealing his personal interpretative reading of Earthsea

Physico-chemical characterization of mixed-ligand complexes of Mn(III) based on the acetylacetonate and maleic acid and its hydroxylamine derivative

Two new Mn(III) mixed-ligand complexes with two acetylacetonate (acac) ligands and one maleate ligand and its hydroxylamine derivative of the general formula [Mn(C5H7O2)2L] were prepared. Their structure was established by using elemental analysis, FTIR and UV/VIS spectroscopic methods, as well as magnetic measurement. Replacement of the acetylacetonate ligand by the corresponding acid ligand has been confirmed in Mn(III) acetylacetonate. Based on the obtained experimental data and literature indications, structural formulae to these compounds were assigned

The importance of temporal stress variation and dynamic disequilibrium for the initiation of plate tectonics

We use 1-D thermal history models and 3-D numerical experiments to study the impact of dynamic thermal disequilibrium and large temporal variations of normal and shear stresses on the initiation of plate tectonics. Previous models that explored plate tectonics initiation from a steady state, single plate mode of convection concluded that normal stresses govern the initiation of plate tectonics, which based on our 1-D model leads to plate yielding being more likely with increasing interior heat and planet mass for a depth-dependent Byerlee yield stress. Using 3-D spherical shell mantle convection models in an episodic regime allows us to explore larger temporal stress variations than can be addressed by considering plate failure from a steady state stagnant lid configuration. The episodic models show that an increase in convective mantle shear stress at the lithospheric base initiates plate failure, which leads with our 1-D model to plate yielding being less likely with increasing interior heat and planet mass. In this out-of-equilibrium and strongly time-dependent stress scenario, the onset of lithospheric overturn events cannot be explained by boundary layer thickening and normal stresses alone. Our results indicate that in order to understand the initiation of plate tectonics, one should consider the temporal variation of stresses and dynamic disequilibrium

Анализ имеющихся данных по энергоэффективности электромобилей, которые будут использоваться для разработки проекта экологического вождения

The goal of this paper is to analyse the collected data on energy efficiency of electric vehicles from researches done by other authors and also to summarise all the factors affecting it. The majority of data available are obtained through simulations – therefore the emphasis in this paper will be placed on experimentally acquired data. The results of the analysis will be used for the planned e-bus eco-driving project for the purpose of Belgrade’s public transportation system. Currently there are only 5 (ultracapacitor type) e-buses operating in Belgrade city public transport, which makes only 0.2 % of all vehicles in rolling stock (making 16 % together with other electric-powered vehicles – trams and trolleybuses), but there are plans to acquire new 80 electric buses. With the rise of the number of electric vehicles, appropriate training of drivers is gaining more and more importance, and the results of the presented analysis make the basis for such training. This will hopefully increase the range of the buses used and help save the energy spent by public transportation, thus giving a little contribution to global fight for cleaner planet.Целью работы является анализ собранных ранее разными исследователями данных об энергоэффективности электромобилей, а также обобщение всех факторов, влияющих на нее. Большая часть из них получена с помощью моделирования, поэтому особое внимание в этой статье уделяется экспериментально установленным характеристикам. Результаты анализа будут использованы в рамках запланированного проекта по применению экологичного электробуса в системе общественного транспорта Белграда, где в настоящее время функционируют только пять электробусов (ультраконденсаторного типа), что составляет всего 0,2 % от числа всех транспортных средств подвижного состава (16 % вместе с другими электромобилями – трамваями и троллейбусами), но планируется приобрести 80 новых электробусов. С ростом количества электромобилей все большее значение приобретает соответствующая подготовка водителей, и результаты представленного анализа служат основой такой подготовки. Данный подход позволит расширить ассортимент используемых автобусов и сэкономить энергию, затрачиваемую общественным транспортом, что внесет определенный вклад в глобальную борьбу за чистую планету

Chloroplast pigments in post-fire-grown cryptophytes on Vidlič Mountain (Southeastern Serbia)

In this study the content of chloroplast pigments (chlorophyll a, b, a+b, and carotenoids) in the leaves of Geranium macrorrhizum L., Doronicum columnae Ten., Aegopodium podagraria L. and Tussilago farfara L. from a beech forest that had undergone fire on Vidlič Mountain was determined. The same species of plants from a place that had not been exposed to fire were taken as controls. Chloroplast pigments were determined from acetone extracts of these plants spectrophotometrically. In the first year after the fire the content of chlorophyll a, b and a+b in Geranium macrorrhizum L. and Doronicum columnae Ten. was greater than in the plants not exposed to fire. The results were the opposite for Aegopodium podagraria L. and Tussilago farfara L. These differences can be attributed to the different physiology of the plants and consequently their different adaptation patterns. The carotenoid content was higher in the plant species at the fire site than in the area not exposed to fire

Fracture mechanics analysis of damaged turbine rotor discs using finite element method

This paper presents evaluation fracture mechanics parameters in low pressure turbine components. Critical locations such as keyway and dovetail area are experiencing stress concentration leading to crack initiation. Stress intensity factors were evaluated using the J-Integral approach available within ANSYS software code. The finite element method allowed the prediction of the point of crack initiation and the crack propagation using the orientations of the maximum principal stresses. Special attention in this investigation is focused to develop analytic expressions for stress intensity factors at critical location of low pres-sure steam turbine disc. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. I-174001 i br. TR-35045

Triethanolamine as an efficient cosolvent for biodiesel production by cao-catalyzed sunflower oil ethanolysis: An optimization study

Triethanolamine was applied as an efficient „green“ cosolvent for biodiesel production by CaO-catalyzed ethanolysis of sunflower oil. The reaction was conducted in a batch stirred reactor and optimized with respect to the reaction temperature (61.6-78.4 °C), the ethanol-to-oil molar ratio (7:1-17:1) and the cosolvent loading (3-36 % of the oil weight) by using a rotatable central composite design (RCCD) combined with the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal reaction conditions were found to be: the ethanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1, the reaction temperature of 75 °C and the cosolvent loading of 30 % to oil weight, which resulted in the predicted and actual fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) contents of 98.8 % and 97.9±1.3 %, respectively, achieved within only 20 min of the reaction. Also, high FAEE contents were obtained with expired sunflower oil, hempseed oil and waste lard. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was used to understand the changes in the CaO phase. The CaO catalyst can be used without any treatment in two consecutive cycles. Due to the calcium leaching into the product, an additional purification stage must be included in the overall process.Supplementary material: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3798

Supplementary data for article: Đokić-Stojanović, D. R.; Todorović, Z. B.; Troter, D. Z.; Stamenković, O. S.; Veselinović, L. M.; Zdujić, M. V.; Manojlović, D. D.; Veljković, V. B. Triethanolamine as an Efficient Cosolvent for Biodiesel Production by Cao-Catalyzed Sunflower Oil Ethanolysis: An Optimization Study. Hemijska Industrija 2019, 73 (6), 351–362. https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND190822033D

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND190822033D]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3797

Supplementary data for article: Đokić-Stojanović, D. R.; Todorović, Z. B.; Troter, D. Z.; Stamenković, O. S.; Veselinović, L. M.; Zdujić, M. V.; Manojlović, D. D.; Veljković, V. B. Triethanolamine as an Efficient Cosolvent for Biodiesel Production by Cao-Catalyzed Sunflower Oil Ethanolysis: An Optimization Study. Hemijska Industrija 2019, 73 (6), 351–362. https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND190822033D

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.2298/HEMIND190822033D]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3797

The Rhyacophila fasciata Group in Europe: Rhyacophila fasciata Hagen 1859 and formerly synonymized species (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae), with new description of Rhyacophila fasciata and Rhyacophila septentrionis McLachlan 1865 (stat. prom.).

[EN] The presence and distribution of Rhyacophila fasciata Hagen 1859 in Europe were revised, based on bibliographic study, collection specimens, and new material collected in different countries. The status of formerly synonymized species, Rhyacophila ferruginea (Scopoli 1763) and Rhyacophila septentrionis McLachlan 1865 was also assessed. The type of R. ferruginea is missing, the taxon is still unidentified, and thus we propose Rhyacophila ferruginea as a nomen dubium. Morphological features and genetic evidence revealed that R. septentrionis differs from R. fasciata, so we propose to change its status to status resurrectus. We therefore include new descriptions of the different stages (larva, pupa, male, and female) of R. fasciata and of R. septentrionis, together with a molecular analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) and ecological notes. The species R. coppai Oláh 2020 NEW SYNONYM and R. soreda Coppa & Oláh 2020 NEW SYNONYM are synonyms of R. sociata Navás 1916; the species R. kopasa Oláh & Coppa 2020 NEW SYNONYM and R. rova Oláh & Coppa 2020 NEW SYNONYM are synonyms of R. denticulata McLachlan 1879; the species R. matrensis Oláh & Szcz¿sny 2020 is probably a synonym of R. fasciata, so more study of this species is needed in order to confirm or deny that it is a valid species.[ES] Se ha revisado la presencia y distribución de Rhyacophila fasciata Hagen 1859 en Europa, basada en el estudio de la bibliografía, especímenes de colecciones y en nuevo material recolectado en diferentes países. Se evaluó asimismo el estado de las especies anteriormente sinonimizadas Rhyacophila ferruginea (Scopoli 1763) y Rhyacophila septentrionis McLachlan, 1865. El ejemplar tipo de R. ferruginea se ha perdido y el taxón permanece todavía sin identificar, por lo que proponemos Rhyacophila ferruginea como un nomen dubium. Las características morfológicas y las evidencias genéticas indican que R. septentrionis difiere de R. fasciata, por lo que proponemos un cambio de estatus a status resurrectus. Se incluyen nuevas descripciones de las distintas etapas (larva, pupa, machos y hembras) de R. fasciata y de R. septentrionis, junto con el análisis molecular del gen mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidasa subunidad I (COImt), y notas ecológicas. Las especies R. coppai Oláh 2020 NUEVO SINÓNIMO y R. soreda Coppa & Oláh 2020 NUEVO SINÓNIMO son sinónimos de R. sociata Navás 1916; las especies R. kopasa Oláh & Coppa 2020 NUEVO SINÓNIMO y R. rova Oláh & Coppa 2020 NUEVO SINÓNIMO son sinónimos de R. denticulata McLachlan 1879; la especie R. matrensis Oláh & Szcz¿sny 2020 es probablemente un sinónimo de R. fasciata, por lo que se necesita un estudio más detallado para confirmarla o rechazarla como especie válida.This research is a part of scientific project “DNA barcoding of Croatian faunal biodiversity” (IP-2016-06-9988) funded by the Croatian Science Foundation. The work of P. Chvojka was supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic (DKRVO 2019-2023/5.I.b, National Museum, 00023272)