Features of atomic and molecular beams passage through capillary systems in the presence of evanescent light waves

A model of the transverse cooling of atoms in the field of a surface light wave inside a glass capillary is considered. The attenuation coefficient for transverse oscillations of atom in a microcapillary is estimated, and the length of effective atom cooling is calculated. A 3D model is constructed. The possibility for the practical application of this phenomenon both to develop the technology of atomic lithography and to fabricate the nanostructures is considered

Color Effects Associated with the 1999 Microlensing Brightness Peaks in Gravitationally Lensed Quasar Q2237+0305

Photometry of the Q2237+0305gravitational lens in VRI spectral bands with the 1.5-m telescope of the high-altitude Maidanak observatory in 1995-2000 is presented. Monitoring of Q2237+0305 in July-October 2000, made at nearly daily basis, did not reveal rapid (night-to-night and intranight) variations of brightness of the components during this time period. Rather slow changes of magnitudes of the components were observed, such as 0.08 mag fading of B and C components and 0.05 mag brightening of D in R band during July 23 - October 7, 2000. By good luck three nights in 1999 were almost at the time of the strong brightness peak of image C, and approximately in the middle of the ascending slope of the image A brightness peak. The C component was the most blue one in the system in 1998 and 1999, having changed its (V-I) color from 0.56 mag to 0.12 mag since August 1997, while its brightness increased almost 1.2 mag during this time period. The A component behaved similarly between August 1998 and August 2000, having become 0.47 mag brighter in R, and at the same time, 0.15 mag bluer. A correlation between the color variations and variations of magnitudes of the components is demonstrated to be significant and reaches 0.75, with a regression line slope of 0.33. A color (V-I) vrs color (V-R) plot shows the components settled in a cluster, stretched along a line with a slope of 1.31. Both slopes are noticeably smaller than those expected if a standard galactic interstellar reddening law were responsible for the differences between the colors of images and their variations over time. We attribute the brightness and color changes to microlensing of the quasar's structure, which we conclude is more compact at shorter wavelengths, as predicted by most quasar models featuring an energizing central source.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX, submitted to A&

MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROCESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF A HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

Взяв за основу измерение эффективности процесса научного исследования и исследовательской работы в вузах, автор предлагает объединить принципы повторения жизненного цикла новой идеи от научного исследования и исследовательской работы до вступления и более поздннего смешения с измерением экономической эффективности.As the basis of the estimates of the efficiency of the process of the scientific research and the research developments of higher educational institutions it is proposed to assume the principles of retracing the vital cycle of the innovation from scientific research and the research developments up to introduction and its subsequent diffusion with the estimate of economic efficiency done stage by stage, the system diagnostics of the signs of the innovation process in the branch generated by scientific research and the research developments of a higher educational institution and the estimate of the efficiency of their influence taking into account the objective lag between innovation and its introduction, taking into account possible consequences of innovation for its participants the estimate of all kinds of the economic efficiency of innovative designs generated by the corresponding scientific research and research developments of a higher educational institution

Time delays in PG1115+080: new estimates

We report new estimates of the time delays in the quadruple gravitationally lensed quasar PG1115+080, obtained from the monitoring data in filter R with the 1.5-m telescope at the Maidanak Mountain (Uzbekistan, Central Asia) in 2004-2006. The time delays are 16.4 days between images C and B, and 12 days between C and A1+A2, with image C being leading for both pairs. The only known estimates of the time delays in PG1115 are those based on observations by Schechter et al. (1997) -- 23.7 and 9.4 days between images C and B, C and A1+A2, respectively, as calculated by Schechter et al., and 25 and 13.3 days as revised by Barkana (1997) for the same image components with the use of another method. The new values of time delays in PG 1115+080 may be expected to provide larger estimates of the Hubble constant thus decreasing a diversity between the H_0 estimates taken from gravitationally lensed quasars and with other methods.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter

PG 1115+080: variations of the A2/A1 flux ratio and new values of the time delays

We report the results of our multicolor observations of PG 1115+080 with the 1.5-m telescope of the Maidanak Observatory (Uzbekistan, Central Asia) in 2001-2006. Monitoring data in filter R spanning the 2004, 2005 and 2006 seasons (76 data points) demonstrate distinct brightness variations of the source quasar with the total amplitude of almost 0.4 mag. Our R light curves have shown image C leading B by 16.4d and image (A1+A2) by 12d that is inconsistent with the previous estimates obtained by Schechter et al. in 1997 - 24.7d between B and C and 9.4d between (A1+A2) and C. The new values of time delays in PG 1115+080 must result in larger values for the Hubble constant, thus reducing difference between its estimates taken from the gravitational lenses and with other methods. Also, we analyzed variability of the A2/A1 flux ratio, as well as color changes in the archetypal "fold" lens PG 1115+080. We found the A1/A2 flux ratio to grow during 2001-2006 and to be larger at longer wavelengths. In particular, the A2/A1 flux ratio reached 0.85 in filter I in 2006. We also present evidence that both the A1 and A2 images might have undergone microlensing during 2001-2006, with the descending phase for A1 and initial phase for A2. We find that the A2/A1 flux ratio anomaly in PG 1115 can be well explained both by microlensing and by finite distance of the source quasar from the caustic fold.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 8 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRA

INTRAPLEURAL IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR METASTATIC PLEURISIES IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER

Intrapleural immunotherapy for metastatic pleurisies demonstrates a high efficiency in the treatment of patients with breast cancer (BC). This immunotherapy modality is regarded as one of the stages of complex treatment in patients with disseminated BC and allows its capabilities to be extended for their further management

Хирургическое лечение сосудистого кольца с формированием левой дуги аорты

Highlights. The described clinical case of surgical treatment of congenital anomaly of the aortic arch is of high interest to specialists due to the relatively late manifestation of symptoms, low incidence of the anomaly, prior surgical treatment of congenital heart disease in medical history, and characteristics of surgical intervention.Background. The described clinical case reports successful treatment of vascular ring formed by right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery. The described clinical case of surgical treatment of congenital anomaly of the aortic arch is of high interest to specialists due to the relatively late manifestation of symptoms, low incidence of the anomaly in the population, prior surgical treatment of congenital heart disease in medical history, and the outcome of surgical treatment - newly formed left aortic arch.Основные положения. Актуальность описанного случая коррекции аномалии дуги аорты определяют относительно поздняя манифестация симптомов, редкая встречаемость, наличие в анамнезе больного корригированного врожденного порока сердца, а также особенности хирургического вмешательства.Актуальность. Представлен клинический случай успешного лечения сосудистого кольца праволежащей дуги аорты с аберрантным расположением левой подключичной артерии. Данный случай интересен относительно поздней манифестацией клинической симптоматики, редкой встречаемостью в популяции, наличием в анамнезе ребенка корригированного врожденного порока сердца, а также результатами хирургической коррекции, при которой сформирована полноценная левосторонняя дуга аорты

ПРОФИЛАКТИКА РАССТРОЙСТВ МОЧЕИСПУСКАНИЯ ПОСЛЕ HIFU-ТЕРАПИИ РАКА ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

Objective: to identify factors for the development of dysuria and its prevention in patients with prostate cancer (PC) after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy.Subjects and methods. In September 2008 to June 2013, the Clinic of Urology, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, treated 98 patients, by performing HIFU sessions on an Ablatherm apparatus (EDAP, France). All the patients underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to reduce the volume of the ablated tissue. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 29 patients underwent TURP 3 days before HIFU therapy; 2) 69 did this 1 month before major surgery. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups: 1) after ultrasound ablation, a urethral catheter was inserted for 10 days; 2) epicystostoma was applied, followed by its overlapping on day 3 postablation and spontaneous urination. The postoperative incidence of dysuria was estimated from subjective (complaints, voiding diary, and Inter-national Prostate Symptom Score) and objective (uroflowmetry, small pelvic ultrasonography with determination of residual urine volume) criteria.Results. In the patients who had undergone TURP one month before HIFU therapy, grades I–II urinary incontinence and urethral pros-tatic stricture occurred much less infrequently than in those who had undergone this maneuver 3 days prior to major surgery. Urinary in-continence and urethral prostatic stricture occurred 2-fold more frequently after TURP being carried out 3 days before HIFU therapy than after the urethral catheter being inserted. TURP performed one month before HIFU therapy showed no great difference in the incidence complications regardless of the type of bladder drainage.Conclusion. The short interval between TURP and HIFU therapy for PC increases the risk of postoperative dysuric events. The optimal time to perform TURP prior to HIFU therapy is 1 month.Цель исследования – определение факторов развития дизурии и ее профилактика у больных раком предстательной железы (РПЖ) после лечения высокоинтенсивным фокусированным ультразвуком (HIFU).Материалы и методы. В клинике урологии ВМА им. С.М. Кирова в период с сентября 2008 по июнь 2013 г. выполнены сеансы HIFU на аппарате Ablatherm (EDAP, Франция) 98 пациентам. Всем больным проводилась трансуретральная резекция (ТУР) предстательной железы (ПЖ) с целью уменьшения объема обрабатываемой при процедуре аблации ткани. Пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: в 1-й (n = 29) ТУР ПЖ выполнена за 3 дня до HIFU, во 2-й (n = 69) ТУР выполнена за 1 мес до основной операции. Каждая из групп была разделена на 2 подгруппы – в одной после ультразвуковой аблации был установлен уретраль-ный катетер сроком на 10 сут, в другой – накладывалась эпицистостома с последующим перекрыванием ее на 3-и сутки после аблации и самостоятельным мочеиспусканием. Оценивалась частота развития расстройств мочеиспускания в послеопераци-онном периоде по субъективным (жалобы, дневник мочеиспускания, IPSS) и объективным (урофлоуметрия, ультразвуковое исследование малого таза с определением уровня остаточной мочи) критериям.Результаты. У пациентов, которым ТУР ПЖ выполняли за 1 мес до HIFU-терапии, недержание мочи I–II степени и стрик-тура простатического отдела уретры возникали значительно реже, чем у пациентов, которым ТУР была выполнена за 3 дня до основной операции. При выполнении ТУР за 3 дня до HIFU-терапии и наложении эпицистостомы недержание мочи и стрик-тура простатического отдела уретры возникали в 2 раза чаще, чем при установке уретрального катетера. При ТУР ПЖ за 1 мес значимого различия в количестве возникших осложнений в зависимости от вида дренирования мочевого пузыря не вы-явлено.Выводы. Короткий промежуток между выполнением ТУР и HIFU-терапии при РПЖ увеличивает вероятность возникновения дизурических явлений в послеоперационном периоде. Оптимальный срок выполнения ТУР перед HIFU – 1 мес.

Отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения врожденных пороков сердца и возможные механизмы их улучшения

Highlights. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is estimated to occur nearly in one per 100 newborns and a third of these babies are in need of corrective procedures. There is a downward trend in mortality associated with advances in surgical treatment and perioperative care. An increasing number of patients with corrected CHD are accumulating in the population. This article provides a literary review of the current state of long-term outcomes of CHD corrections and possible mechanisms for improving late outcomes.Abstract The article analyzes the literature on long-term results of surgical treatment of congenital heart defects and possible mechanisms for their improvement. The bibliographic method was used. The analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources with a search depth of 20 years is carried out. The criteria for including publications were: access to full-text publications, original research, scientific and review articles. Exclusion criteria: abstracts and summaries of publications. The following search queries were formulated for the review: in English: late outcomes of corrections of congenital heart defects, in Russian: long-term results of corrections of congenital heart defects, long-term results after corrections of congenital heart defects. The used search engines are Science Direct, PubMed, Cyberleninka, E-library. The analysis of the literary data showed that the volume and duration of patients’ observation that underwent surgical correction of congenital heart defects remain controversial. In world and domestic practice modern digital technologies are used for the purpose of patients remote monitoring. Remote monitoring programs in the Russian Federation are used for such socially significant diseases as diabetes mellitus, bronchial asthma, as well as cardiac rehabilitation of adult patients. There are no similar programs for patients with congenital heart defects. There is a problem of patients remote monitoring after congenital heart defects surgical treatment. In Russia today there is no any comprehensive program for remote monitoring of children after congenital heart disease surgical correction. We believe that a universal remote monitoring system for managing this group of patients must be created.Основные положения. Врожденные пороки сердца встречаются у одного из ста новорожденных, причем треть этих детей нуждаются в корректирующих процедурах. Отмечена тенденция уменьшения смертности, связанная с достижениями в хирургическом лечении и периоперационном уходе. В популяции накапливается все больше пациентов с корригированными врожденными дефектами сердца. В статье оценены современное состояние отдаленных исходов коррекций врожденных пороков сердца и возможные механизмы улучшения поздних результатов по данным литературы.Резюме В статье проведен анализ зарубежной и отечественной литературы, посвященной отдаленным результатам хирургического лечения врожденных пороков сердца и возможным механизмам их улучшения. Глубина поиска – 20 лет. Критерии включения источников: доступ к полному тексту, оригинальные исследования и обзорные статьи. Критерии исключения: абстракты публикаций. Для обзора сформулированы следующие поисковые запросы на английском языке: late outcomes of corrections of congenital heart defects, на русском языке: «отдаленные результаты коррекции врожденных пороков сердца», «долгосрочные результаты коррекции врожденных пороков сердца». Поиск литературы выполнен в системах ScienceDirect, PubMed, «КиберЛенинка», eLIBRARY.ru. Анализ данных показал, что остаются спорными вопросы объема и длительности наблюдения пациентов, перенесших хирургическую коррекцию врожденных пороков сердца. В мировой и отечественной практике применяют современные цифровые технологии с целью дистанционного мониторинга больных. В России программы удаленного отслеживания состояния пациентов используют при таких социально значимых заболеваниях, как сахарный диабет, бронхиальная астма, а также для кардиологической реабилитации взрослых больных. Подобные программы для дистанционного наблюдения детей, перенесших хирургическую коррекцию врожденных патологий сердца, на сегодняшний день в нашей стране отсутствуют. Также актуальна проблема отдаленного контроля состояния детей после хирургического устранения врожденных дефектов сердца. Таким образом, необходимо создание комплексной универсальной системы удаленного мониторинга и ведения данной группы больных