Ways of increasing muscular activity by means of isometric muscular exertion

The effect of isometric muscular exertion on the human body was investigated by having subjects perform basic movements in a sitting position in the conventional manner with additional muscle tension at 50% maximum force and at maximum force. The pulse, arterial pressure, skin temperature, respiratory rate, minute respiratory volume and electrical activity of the muscles involved were all measured. Performance of the exercises with maximum muscular exertion for 20 sec and without movement resulted in the greatest shifts in these indices; in the conventional manner substantial changes did not occur; and with isometric muscular exertion with 50% maximum force with and without movement, optimal functional shifts resulted. The latter is recommended for use in industrial exercises for the prevention of hypodynamia. Ten exercises are suggested

Required Skills for Teachers: Information Literacy at the Top

European Conference on Information Literacy (ECIL) 2017: Information Literacy in the Workplace, held in Saint Malo, France, 18-21 SeptemberThis study seeks to contribute to a reflection on teachers’ training and professional development in the field of information literacy, in Portugal. Aspects regarding teacher training and their role as spreaders of knowledge and multipliers of good practices are problematized. UNESCO’s curriculum for teachers and ACRL guidelines are used methodologically as the central thread of this interpretation. From here we seek to explain how a higher education institution – an Institute of Education -, which is devoted to the professional development of educators, including teachers, has engaged in information literacy actions through training interventions, in recent years. The study concludes that through sharing and dialogue within the librarian profession, but also within the sphere of education professionals - teachers and trainers - the best training practices in university libraries can be consolidated. Finally, certain points for reflection and debate concerning this theme are proposed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Study of the efficiency of profile subjects taught to students of the dental faculty from the first semester of the first year

The purpose of the study is to find out the differences in knowledge and attitude to oral hygiene among the first and second–year students as well as fourth and fifth-year students of USMU Faculty of Dentistry to assess the effectiveness of teaching junior students the profile subjects.Цель исследования – выявление отличий в знаниях и отношении к гигиене полости рта между студентами 1–2 и 4–5 курсов стоматологического факультета УГМУ для оценки эффективности обучения студентов 1–2 курсов профильным предметам

Принципы хирургического лечения рецидивных грыж пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы (обзор литературы)

Recurrent hiatal hernia is the re-displacement of the abdominal organs into the chest after surgical treatment. Indications for repeated surgical interventions for this pathology are resistant to medical correction gastroesophageal reflux or anatomical disorders, bearing the risk of developing life-threatening conditions. The key task of revision interventions is to identify and address the causes of the failure of the primary operation. The main factors of the recurrence of hernias of this localization are the large size of the hiatal opening, the mechanical weakness of the legs of the diaphragm and the shortening of the esophagus. To increase the reliability of the esophageal aperture plasty in the surgical treatment of recurrent hiatal hernias, prosthetic materials are widely used. When the esophagus is shortened, it is possible to increase its length by creating a gastric stalk (gastroplasty) or fixing the stomach to the anterior abdominal wall (gastropexy). The disadvantage of both methods is the occurring functional impairment. An alternative approach is the formation of a fundoplication wrap in the chest with the closure of the esophageal opening only with its own tissues. To eliminate or prevent the development of gastroesophageal reflux, antireflux reconstruction is an essential component of operations for recurrent hiatal hernias. The option of fundoplication is selected in accordance with the contractility of the esophagus. With normokinesia, circular fundoplication was preferred, with impaired motor skills – free reconstructions.Под рецидивными грыжами пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы понимают любые варианты повторного смещения органов брюшной полости в грудную клетку после хирургического лечения. Показаниями к повторным оперативным вмешательствам при данной патологии являются не поддающийся медикаментозной коррекции гастроэзофагеальный рефлюкс или анатомические нарушения, несущие риск развития угрожающих жизни состояний. Ключевая задача ревизионных вмешательств заключается в выявлении и устранении причин неудачного исхода первичной операции. Основными факторами повторного возникновения грыж данной локализации являются большие размеры хиатального отверстия, механическая слабость ножек диафрагмы и укорочение пищевода. Для повышения надежности пластики пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы при хирургическом лечении рецидивных хиатальных грыж широко используются протезирующие материалы. При укорочении пищевода возможно увеличение его длины созданием желудочного стебля (гастропластика), фиксация желудка к передней брюшной стенке (гастропексия). Недостатком обеих методик являются возникающие функциональные нарушения. Альтернативный подход – формирование фундопликационной манжеты в грудной клетке с закрытием пищеводного отверстия только собственными тканями. Для устранения или профилактики развития желудочно-пищеводного заброса обязательным компонентом операций при рецидивных хиатальных грыжах является антирефлюксная реконструкция. Вариант фундопликации выбирается в соответствии с сократительной способностью пищевода. При нормокинезии предпочтительны циркулярные фундопликации, при нарушениях моторики – свободные реконструкции

Диагностика трихомониаза у больных хроническим абактериальным простатитом

Trichomonasis diagnostics in 326 men with chronic prostatitis was performing. Trichomonas vaginalis was seen in 31,5% and 60,7% together with pyrogenal provocation. Trichomonas vaginalis was detected in 158 (48,5%) by microscopy, in 90 (27,6%) by direct immunofluorescence assay, in 24 (7,4%) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 6 (1,8%) polymerase chain reaction. Polymerase chain reaction demonstrated lowest sensitiveness.Выполнялась диагностика трихомониаза у 326 больных хроническим простатитом. Трихомониаз был выявлен у 31,5%, вместе c провокацией пирогеналом у 60,7%. Трихомонады определялись методом микроскопии у 158 (48,5%) пациентов, прямой иммунофлюоресценцией — у 90 (27,6%), иммуноферментным анализом — у 24 (7,4%), методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) — у 6 (1,8%) человек. ПЦР показала самую низкую чувствительность

Comparison of advanced gravitational-wave detectors

We compare two advanced designs for gravitational-wave antennas in terms of their ability to detect two possible gravitational wave sources. Spherical, resonant mass antennas and interferometers incorporating resonant sideband extraction (RSE) were modeled using experimentally measurable parameters. The signal-to-noise ratio of each detector for a binary neutron star system and a rapidly rotating stellar core were calculated. For a range of plausible parameters we found that the advanced LIGO interferometer incorporating RSE gave higher signal-to-noise ratios than a spherical detector resonant at the same frequency for both sources. Spheres were found to be sensitive to these sources at distances beyond our galaxy. Interferometers were sensitive to these sources at far enough distances that several events per year would be expected

Внутрикостная химиотерапия в лечении инвазивного рака мочевого пузыря

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) with cisplatin administered intraosseously into the pubic bone in patients with invasive bladder carcinoma (Т2—4N0M0) was most effective in patients with circular involvement of the bladder neck, even in large tumors of 5—7 cm. Out of 4 patients with this site of a tumor, full regression without further treatment was achieved in one patient, transurethral resection was performed in 3 patients with 75% tumor regression. In multiple bladder tumor lesions involving the bladder neck, the degree of regression was not greater than 40%. The therapeutic efficiency of intraosseous CT with cisplatin was 54% with acceptable toxicity.