Tools for estimating the effectiveness of import-substituting modernization : sase in the agriculture of Russia

The paper explores the approaches to estimate the effectiveness of import substitution, justifies the need to develop a new tool that allows conducting a comprehensive analysis of the impact of import substitution policies on economic modernization. The authors‘ methodology for estimating import-substituting modernization based on an integral indicator is proposed and its practical approval is carried out using agriculture in Russia as an example. The analysis of the results allows the authors to conclude that the import-substituting modernization process is uneven and slow. To activate and accelerate the processes, it is necessary to stimulate domestic demand. The developed tools react quite sensitively to changes in the industry and make it possible to identify cause-effect relationships in a structured factorial analysis of processes.peer-reviewe

Adaptation of market strategies of TNCs in Russia in the context of import substitution policy

The policy of import substitution carried out in Russia objectively affected the interests of leading transnational corporations (TNCs) operating in the Russian markets. The restriction of imports of intermediate goods and the fall in the purchasing power of Russian consumers have formed for TNCs both new problems and new opportunities. The analysis of the integration of TNCs in the Russian policy of import substitution is carried out in the article; their role in the development of industries and agriculture is revealed. It is revealed that the strategies of TNCs are characterized by great flexibility, which allowed them to reduce the negative impact of sanctions and geopolitical tensions. TNCs widely use the strategy of acquisition of popular Russian brands. The weakening ruble and the cheapening of labor costs became additional decision-making factors for the localization of production and selection of local suppliers of intermediate goods, investing in modernization of production facilities, the establishment of added value chains with the involvement of national producers that contributed to the successful embedding of TNCs in the policy of import substitution.peer-reviewe

Quantum Geometrodynamics I: Quantum-Driven Many-Fingered Time

The classical theory of gravity predicts its own demise -- singularities. We therefore attempt to quantize gravitation, and present here a new approach to the quantization of gravity wherein the concept of time is derived by imposing the constraints as expectation-value equations over the true dynamical degrees of freedom of the gravitational field -- a representation of the underlying anisotropy of space. This self-consistent approach leads to qualitatively different predictions than the Dirac and the ADM quantizations, and in addition, our theory avoids the interpretational conundrums associated with the problem of time in quantum gravity. We briefly describe the structure of our functional equations, and apply our quantization technique to two examples so as to illustrate the basic ideas of our approach.Comment: 11, (No Figures), (Typeset using RevTeX

A nonlinear quantum model of the Friedmann universe

A discussion is given of the quantisation of a physical system with finite degrees of freedom subject to a Hamiltonian constraint by treating time as a constrained classical variable interacting with an unconstrained quantum state. This leads to a quantisation scheme that yields a Schrodinger-type equation which is in general nonlinear in evolution. Nevertheless it is compatible with a probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics and in particular the construction of a Hilbert space with a Euclidean norm is possible. The new scheme is applied to the quantisation of a Friedmann Universe with a massive scalar field whose dynamical behaviour is investigated numerically.Comment: 11 pages of text + 4 pages for 8 figure

Novel Use of Folate-Targeted Intraoperative Fluorescence, OTL38, in Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: Report of the First Three Cases

Partial nephrectomy is now the preferred surgical option for small renal tumors because it allows nephron preservation without compromising oncologic clearance. Its outcomes depend on the surgeon's ability to continuously identify the edges of the tumor during resection, thus leaving an adequate margin around the tumor without excessive removal of normal parenchyma, as well as keeping a short ischemic time. Folate receptors are highly abundant in the normal kidney, and there is a difference in folate receptor expression between malignant and normal renal tissues. Thus, the use of fluorescent agents that target folate receptors should result in differential fluorescence between the tumor and surrounding parenchyma during partial nephrectomy, which, in turn, helps tumor demarcation for identification and resection. A phase 2 study on the novel use of OTL38 in robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is currently in progress in our institution. The outcomes of the first three cases have shown the possible advantages of OTL38 in intraoperative tumor identification before resection and recognition of residual disease in the surrounding parenchyma after resection. The tumors typically appeared dark while the surrounding parenchyma showed brighter fluorescence. Immediately after tumor resection, the margins of all the specimens appeared to have a uniformly bright fluorescence, suggestive of an intact margin of normal renal parenchyma along the plane of excision. The pattern of intraoperative fluorescence correlates well with immunohistochemistry. No OTL38-related adverse effects have been seen among these three patients. We present the outcomes of these three cases, illustrated with intraoperative and immunohistochemistry images

Оценка динамики артросонографическихпоказателей при длительном лечениигонартроза Терафлексом( 3-летнее наблюдение)

Two hundred and forty-four outpatients with gonarthrosis were examined. The time course of arthrosonographic (the height of the articular cartilage, the volume of intraarticular effusion, the width of the joint cleft, and the degree of osteophytosis) changes were estimated during longterm Teraflex therapy and in control patients. The long-term (3-year) Teraflex therapy was shown to have a restraining impact on the processes of articular cartilage degradation and the progression of articular structural changes and to exert an anti-inflammatory effect.Обследовано 244 амбулаторных пациента с гонартрозом. Оценены в динамике артросонографические показатели (высота суставного хряща, объем выпота в полость сустава, ширина суставной щели, выраженность остеофитоза) на фоне длительного приема Терафлекса, а также в контроле. Показано сдерживающее влияние длительной терапии (на протяжении 3 лет) Терафлексом на процессы деградации суставного хряща, прогрессирование структурных изменений в суставах, продемонстрирован противовоспалительной эффект лечения препаратом

From covariant to canonical formulations of discrete gravity

Starting from an action for discretized gravity we derive a canonical formalism that exactly reproduces the dynamics and (broken) symmetries of the covariant formalism. For linearized Regge calculus on a flat background -- which exhibits exact gauge symmetries -- we derive local and first class constraints for arbitrary triangulated Cauchy surfaces. These constraints have a clear geometric interpretation and are a first step towards obtaining anomaly--free constraint algebras for canonical lattice gravity. Taking higher order dynamics into account the symmetries of the action are broken. This results in consistency conditions on the background gauge parameters arising from the lowest non--linear equations of motion. In the canonical framework the constraints to quadratic order turn out to depend on the background gauge parameters and are therefore pseudo constraints. These considerations are important for connecting path integral and canonical quantizations of gravity, in particular if one attempts a perturbative expansion.Comment: 37 pages, 5 figures (minor modifications, matches published version + updated references

Numerical hydrodynamics in general relativity

The current status of numerical solutions for the equations of ideal general relativistic hydrodynamics is reviewed. With respect to an earlier version of the article the present update provides additional information on numerical schemes and extends the discussion of astrophysical simulations in general relativistic hydrodynamics. Different formulations of the equations are presented, with special mention of conservative and hyperbolic formulations well-adapted to advanced numerical methods. A large sample of available numerical schemes is discussed, paying particular attention to solution procedures based on schemes exploiting the characteristic structure of the equations through linearized Riemann solvers. A comprehensive summary of astrophysical simulations in strong gravitational fields is presented. These include gravitational collapse, accretion onto black holes and hydrodynamical evolutions of neutron stars. The material contained in these sections highlights the numerical challenges of various representative simulations. It also follows, to some extent, the chronological development of the field, concerning advances on the formulation of the gravitational field and hydrodynamic equations and the numerical methodology designed to solve them.Comment: 105 pages, 12 figures. The full online-readable version of this article, including several animations, will be published in Living Reviews in Relativity at http://www.livingreviews.or

ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЕ НЕ МОЖЕТ БЫТЬ ДОЛГОСРОЧНОЙ СТРАТЕГИЕЙ

This article covers the reasons for and the status of the import substitution policy realization, as well as its first results in terms of reducing the import dependence on certain goods. Attention is paid to the implementation of the policy of import substitution in agriculture and food industry. The decisive effect of quite effective real exchange rate for ruble on the dynamics of import and export of goods with high added value is revealed as contrasted to Russia's self-sufficiency on raw materials.В статье рассматриваются причины активизации политики импортозамещения, ее первые результаты в виде снижения импортной зависимости по ряду товаров. Особое внимание уделяется реализации политики импортозамещения в сельском хозяйстве и пищевой промышленности. Выявлено определяющее воздействие реального эффективного курса рубля на динамику импорта и экспорта товаров с высокой степенью переработки при отсутствии такой зависимости для сырьевых товаров