Rare cases in herniology: The contents of the hernia – part of the liver, metastatic carcinoma, a foreign body

Surgical treatment of patients with postoperative ventral hernias is one of the most pressing problems in herniology. Verification of the diagnosis of postoperative ventral hernia is usually not difficult. At the same time, there may be difficulties in diagnosis associated with determining the true size of the hernia orifices, the contents of the hernial sac. These moments are  determined by various factors: the location of the hernia on the anterior abdominal wall, the age, sex of the patient, as well as anamnesis of hernia and the volume of surgery previously performed. One of the very rare situations in external abdominal hernias is the situation when the content of  the hernial sac is the part of the parenchymal organ, the tumor process, as well as foreign bodies. The study presents the observation materials of three patients admitted for diagnosis and treatment to the surgical hospital clinics of Irkutsk State Medical University. When examined and treated, it was found that in one case the content of the hernia sac included a part of the left lobe of the liver, in another observation, the inguinal hernia sac contained metastatic carcinoma, in the third case – a foreign body was found. All patients underwent surgery (hernioplasty, hernioplasty). Diagnosis of hernia of the anterior abdominal wall was confirmed. A literary search was made for rare clinical examples in herniology. In the world literature, there are only eight observations when the content of the hernia sac was a part of the lobe of the liver; the presence of metastatic carcinoma and a free foreign body we found as single observations described by known specialists in herniology

АЛГОРИТМ РАДИОЭЛЕКТРОННОГО ПОДАВЛЕНИЯ РАДИОСТАНЦИЙ С ПСЕВДОСЛУЧАЙНОЙ ПЕРЕСТРОЙКОЙ РАБОЧЕЙ ЧАСТОТЫ

The algorithm for suppressing tactical radiostations with frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) was developed. The effectiveness impact of polyharmonic unmodulated interference on the radiotransmission of a radio station with FHSS was estimated.Разработан алгоритм подавления тактических радиостанций с псевдослучайной перестройкой рабочей частоты (ППРЧ). Дана оценка эффективности воздействия полигармонических немодулированных помех на радиотракт радиостанции с ППРЧ

Models of GPS-Spoofing of Civil Navigation Equipment of Co

В этой статье приведены принципы и модели GPS-спуфинга для гражданской навигационной аппаратуры потребителей, приведены данные по зарегистрированным инцидентам GPS-спуфинга, приведена классификация вариантов GPSспуфинга. Models of GPS spoofing of civil navigation equipment of consumers will be shown in this article, highlighting the most registered incidents, the principle of GPS spoofing, classification of GPS spoofing options

The algorithm of radioelectronic suppression of radiostations with frequency-hopping spread spectrum

Разработан алгоритм подавления тактических радиостанций с псевдослучайной перестройкой рабочей частоты (ППРЧ). Дана оценка эффективности воздействия полигармонических немодулированных помех на радиотракт радиостанции с ППРЧ. The algorithm for suppressing tactical radiostations with frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) was developed. The effectiveness impact of polyharmonic unmodulated interference on the radiotransmission of a radio station with FHSS was estimated

On the Opportunities of Using the Indices of Lipid Peroxidation – Antioxidant Defense System in the Diagnostics of Varicose Veins of Small Pelvis in Women

Background: The prevalence of varicose veins of small pelvic veins in women of reproductive age varies widely – from 5.4 to 80 %, due to the low specificity and low sensitivity of clinical diagnostic techniques, and the absence of biomarkers that can be used to identify the formation and progression of varicose veins of small pelvic veins in women.Aims: To identify changes in the levels of parameters of the system “lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection” with the development of varicose veins of the pelvis in women, as well as the possibility of their diagnostic use.Materials and methods: We examined 200 women with clinical signs of varicose veins of small pelvis. Control group included 30 women without any pathology of venous system. Treatment group included 137 women with varicose veins of small pelvis: with mild degree of severity – 39 women, with moderate degree of severity – 65 women, with severe degree of severity – 33 women. We performed comparative analysis of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense system in women with and without varicose veins of small pelvis taking into account the severity degrees of pathological process.Results: We obtained the most informative indices for lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense processes in blood of women with varicose veins of small pelvis: concentration of diene conjugate (DC) for the mild degree of severity of pathological process, lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), DC and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) – for the moderate and severe degree of severity, and also changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes with increase of the severity of the disease. Assessment of the level of catalase (Cat) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) showed their highest informative value at the mild degree of severity. Concentrations of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) are more statistically significant markers for severe forms of pathological process.Conclusions: Our research showed the relevance and advisability of the studying the levels of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense indices in women with varicose veins of small pelvis. We registered the highest diagnostic value of DC, Cat and GP in the beginning of the disease and of LHP, DC, MDA, GR, GST and GSH – at severe forms of the pathological process. We obtained reference values for DC, MDA, Cat, SOD and GP concentration that can be considered as the predictors of the development of varicose veins of small pelvis

ОБШИРНАЯ НЕКРОТИЧЕСКАЯ ТРОФИЧЕСКАЯ ЯЗВА СТОПЫ И ГОЛЕНИ НА ФОНЕ ЭССЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ТРОМБОЦИТЕМИИ

We are to present a rare occurrence of large limb-threatening ulcer of the leg and foot in patient with thrombocytosis. Essential thrombocythemia was diagnosed based on peripheral blood platelet count and gen test findings. The improving of platelet count was obtained by oral hydroxyurea. Complex surgical treatment, including free-skin grafting, was performed with the excellent result. Two-year follow-up was retraced without any sign of ulcer recurrence. Представлено редкое наблюдение обширной трофической язвы стопы и голени у пациента с эссенциальной тромбоцитемией. Диагноз установлен на основании стойкого тромбоцитоза в периферической крови и генетического исследования. Коррекция уровня тромбоцитов достигнута на фоне лечения гидроксикарбамидом. В результате комплексного хирургического лечения, включавшего хирургические обработки ран и аутодермопластику расщепленными кожными трансплантатами, достигнуто полное заживление язвы. Отдаленный результат прослежен в течение 2 лет без признаков рецидива язвы

The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) of Three Spectrometers for the ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter

The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) package is an element of the Russian contribution to the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) mission. ACS consists of three separate infrared spectrometers, sharing common mechanical, electrical, and thermal interfaces. This ensemble of spectrometers has been designed and developed in response to the Trace Gas Orbiter mission objectives that specifically address the requirement of high sensitivity instruments to enable the unambiguous detection of trace gases of potential geophysical or biological interest. For this reason, ACS embarks a set of instruments achieving simultaneously very high accuracy (ppt level), very high resolving power (>10,000) and large spectral coverage (0.7 to 17 μm—the visible to thermal infrared range). The near-infrared (NIR) channel is a versatile spectrometer covering the 0.7–1.6 μm spectral range with a resolving power of ∼20,000. NIR employs the combination of an echelle grating with an AOTF (Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter) as diffraction order selector. This channel will be mainly operated in solar occultation and nadir, and can also perform limb observations. The scientific goals of NIR are the measurements of water vapor, aerosols, and dayside or night side airglows. The mid-infrared (MIR) channel is a cross-dispersion echelle instrument dedicated to solar occultation measurements in the 2.2–4.4 μm range. MIR achieves a resolving power of >50,000. It has been designed to accomplish the most sensitive measurements ever of the trace gases present in the Martian atmosphere. The thermal-infrared channel (TIRVIM) is a 2-inch double pendulum Fourier-transform spectrometer encompassing the spectral range of 1.7–17 μm with apodized resolution varying from 0.2 to 1.3 cm−1. TIRVIM is primarily dedicated to profiling temperature from the surface up to ∼60 km and to monitor aerosol abundance in nadir. TIRVIM also has a limb and solar occultation capability. The technical concept of the instrument, its accommodation on the spacecraft, the optical designs as well as some of the calibrations, and the expected performances for its three channels are described

The algorithm of radioelectronic suppression of radiostations with frequency-hopping spread spectrum

The algorithm for suppressing tactical radiostations with frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) was developed. The effectiveness impact of polyharmonic unmodulated interference on the radiotransmission of a radio station with FHSS was estimated

BLOOD COAGULATION PROBLEMS AND THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS IN THE ACUTE STAGE OF STROKE

Background: High prevalence of stroke and constant mortality which is related to thromboembolic complications in one fourth of patients make it necessary to continue evaluation of clinically precise and technologically feasible methods of adequate control of coagulation and anticoagulation systems and predicting of venous thromboses and embolism. Aim: To improve diagnostics and treatment of patients with acute stroke of various types through assessment of haemostasis system and pathophysiological mechanisms of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Materials and methods: One hundred and forty five (145) patients with acute cerebral stroke (mean age, 69±13.2 years; 75 male and 70  female) were included into the study. All patients were admitted to the neuroresuscitation unit within 6 to 24 hours from manifestation; the diagnosis was verified by multiaxial computerized tomography. One hundred and four (104) (71.7%) of patients had ischemic stroke, 41 (28.3%) of patients had hemorrhagic stroke. At admittance, all patients had a  certain level of consciousness derangement. All patients were monitored by means of computerized tomography, general and neurological assessment, functional assessment, chest X-ray, ultrasound examination of extremities and assessment of haemostasis (screening and direct thrombodynamics test). Results: In 95%  of cases, VTE risk factors were found; VTE developed in 40  (27.6%) of patients. The most frequent complication was pulmonary embolism (90%  of all VTE and 24.8%  of 145  patients). In-hospital mortality was 44.1%  (n=64) and correlated with VTE (r=0.384; р<0.01). Outcomes of ischemic stroke depended mainly on VTE (at autopsy, they were found in 58.5%  of patients with ischemic stroke and in 26.1%  of those with hemorrhagic stroke) and other complications. Outcomes of hemorrhagic insult depended on the size of the lesion that correlated with severity of clinical symptoms. Screening coagulation parameters were not informative enough for the assessment of haemostasis. Development of VTE correlated with some hypercoagulation in the first days after stroke that were quickly transformed into hypocoagulation. This process could be reliably assessed by the thrombodynamics test. Conclusion: Taking into account high incidence of VTE in patients with severe stroke and low informative value of coagulation screening, it is reasonable to use direct methods of haemostasis assessment and individualized approached to preventive and therapeutic anticoagulation