Elastic Scattering of 6^6He based on a Cluster Description

Elastic scattering observables (differential cross section and analyzing power) are calculated for the reaction $^6$He(p,p)$^6$He at projectile energies starting at 71 MeV/nucleon. The optical potential needed to describe the reaction is derived describing $^6$He in terms of a $^4$He-core and two neutrons. The Watson first order multiple scattering ansatz is extended to accommodate the internal dynamics of a composite cluster model for the $^6$He nucleus scattering from a nucleon projectile. The calculations are compared with the recent experiments at the projectile energy of 71 MeV/nucleon. In addition, differential cross sections and analyzing powers are calculated at selected higher energies.Comment: To be published in Phy. Rev.

Raman-based geobarometry of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks: applications, problems, and perspectives

Raman-based geobarometry has recently become increasingly popular because it is an elegant way to obtain information on peak metamorphic conditions or the entire pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) path of metamorphic rocks, especially those formed under ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) conditions. However, several problems need to be solved to get reliable estimates of metamorphic conditions. In this paper we present some examples of difficulties which can arise during the Raman spectroscopy study of solid inclusions from ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks

Pauli-principle driven correlations in four-neutron nuclear decays

Mechanism of simultaneous non-sequential four-neutron ($4n$) emission (or `true' $4n$-decay) has been considered in phenomenological five-body approach. This approach is analogous to the model of the direct decay to the continuum often applied to $2n$- and $2p$-decays. It is demonstrated that $4n$-decay fragments should have specific energy and angular correlations reflecting strong spatial correlations of `valence' nucleons orbiting in their $4n$-precursors. Due to the Pauli exclusion principle, the valence neutrons are pushed to the symmetry-allowed configurations in the $4n$-precursor structure, which causes a `Pauli focusing' effect. Prospects of the observation of the Pauli focusing have been considered for the $4n$-precursors $^7$H and $^{28}$O. Fingerprints of their nuclear structure or/and decay dynamics are predicted

Ultrafast electron dynamics in metals

During the last decade, significant progress has been achieved in the rapidly growing field of the dynamics of {\it hot} carriers in metals. Here we present an overview of the recent achievements in the theoretical understanding of electron dynamics in metals, and focus on the theoretical description of the inelastic lifetime of excited hot electrons. We outline theoretical formulations of the hot-electron lifetime that is originated in the inelastic scattering of the excited {\it quasiparticle} with occupied states below the Fermi level of the solid. {\it First-principles} many-body calculations are reviewed. Related work and future directions are also addressed.Comment: 17 pages, two columns, 13 figures, to appear in ChemPhysChe

Electron-phonon relaxation and excited electron distribution in gallium nitride

We develop a theory of energy relaxation in semiconductors and insulators highly excited by the long-acting external irradiation. We derive the equation for the non-equilibrium distribution function of excited electrons. The solution for this function breaks up into the sum of two contributions. The low-energy contribution is concentrated in a narrow range near the bottom of the conduction band. It has the typical form of a Fermi distribution with an effective temperature and chemical potential. The effective temperature and chemical potential in this low-energy term are determined by the intensity of carriers' generation, the speed of electron-phonon relaxation, rates of inter-band recombination and electron capture on the defects. In addition, there is a substantial high-energy correction. This high-energy 'tail' covers largely the conduction band. The shape of the high-energy 'tail' strongly depends on the rate of electron-phonon relaxation but does not depend on the rates of recombination and trapping. We apply the theory to the calculation of a non-equilibrium distribution of electrons in irradiated GaN. Probabilities of optical excitations from the valence to conduction band and electron-phonon coupling probabilities in GaN were calculated by the density functional perturbation theory. Our calculation of both parts of distribution function in gallium nitride shows that when the speed of electron-phonon scattering is comparable with the rate of recombination and trapping then the contribution of the non-Fermi 'tail' is comparable with that of the low-energy Fermi-like component. So the high-energy contribution can affect essentially the charge transport in the irradiated and highly doped semiconductors.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

Verification, Validation and Testing of Kinetic Mechanisms of Hydrogen Combustion in Fluid Dynamic Computations

A one-step, a two-step, an abridged, a skeletal and four detailed kinetic schemes of hydrogen oxidation have been tested. A new skeletal kinetic scheme of hydrogen oxidation has been developed. The CFD calculations were carried out using ANSYS CFX software. Ignition delay times and speeds of flames were derived from the computational results. The computational data obtained using ANSYS CFX and CHEMKIN, and experimental data were compared. The precision, reliability, and range of validity of the kinetic schemes in CFD simulations were estimated. The impact of kinetic scheme on the results of computations was discussed. The relationship between grid spacing, timestep, accuracy, and computational cost were analyzed.Comment: The alternate reference of this paper: V.P. Zhukov, "Verification, Validation and Testing of Kinetic Models of Hydrogen Combustion in Fluid Dynamic Computations", Paper ID35 at 4th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 4--8 July, 201

Simulation of the kinetics of the autoclave dissolution of copper and nickel sulfides in the presence of oxygen

Kinetic regularities of the oxidative autoclave dissolution of iron, copper, and nickel sulfides when leaching the ore of the Shanuch deposit are investigated in controllable experimental conditions. It is shown that the dissolution rate of sulfides is limited by the oxygen absorption. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

Stability of Nonlinear Normal Modes in the FPU-β\beta Chain in the Thermodynamic Limit

All possible symmetry-determined nonlinear normal modes (also called by simple periodic orbits, one-mode solutions etc.) in both hard and soft Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-$\beta$ chains are discussed. A general method for studying their stability in the thermodynamic limit, as well as its application for each of the above nonlinear normal modes are presented

Electron-phonon relaxation and excited electron distribution in zinc oxide and anatase

We propose a first-principle method for evaluations of the time-dependent electron distribution function of excited electrons in the conduction band of semiconductors. The method takes into account the excitations of electrons by external source and the relaxation to the bottom of conduction band via electron-phonon coupling. The methods permits calculations of the non-equilibrium electron distribution function, the quasi-stationary distribution function with steady-in-time source of light, the time of setting of the quasi-stationary distribution and the time of energy loss via relaxation to the bottom of conduction band. The actual calculations have been performed for titanium dioxide in the anatase structure and zinc oxide in the wurtzite structure. We find that the quasi-stationary electron distribution function for ZnO is a fermi-like curve that rises linearly with increasing excitation energy whereas the analogous curve for anatase consists of a main peak and a shoulder. The calculations demonstrate that the relaxation of excited electrons and the setting of the quasi-stationary distribution occur within the time no more than 500 fsec for ZnO and 100 fsec for anatase. We also discuss the applicability of the effective phonon model with energy-independent electron-phonon transition probability. We find that the model only reproduces the trends in changing of the characteristic times whereas the precision of such calculations is not high. The rate of energy transfer to phonons at the quasi-stationary electron distribution also have been evaluated and the effect of this transfer on the photocatalyses has been discussed. We found that for ZnO this rate is about 5 times less than in anatase.Comment: 21 p., 9 figure

Modeling of Metallurgical Process of Copper Fire Refining

The refining of blister copper is based on the partial removal of impurities that have an increased affinity for oxygen. The most interesting is the process of centralized copper refining at one plant. This is because blister copper from the producer plants has a different chemical composition. Obviously, the batch of each loading also has a variable chemical composition. Therefore, for a constantly changing averageweighted composition of a liquid metal, a different amount of oxygen is required to oxidize and slag the impurities. The aim of the work is the method of creating a mathematical model for solving the single-criterion and multicriteria task of firerefining of copper. Algorithms of the model based on the passive experiment are presented, with the chosen assumptions and limitations. Mathematical models are developed using correlation regression analysis. The resultant variable in the models is the concentration of oxygen in the melt. The objective function is determined by the main variables of the refining process. The results of mathematical modeling allow us to quickly calculate the concentration of oxygen supplied in the air composition into the melt of a batch of different chemical composition for the oxidation of impurities. The models are consistent with the general theory of anode melting, and can be used to control and predict the process. Keywords: fire refining, blister copper, impurity oxidation, mathematical model, linear regressio