EVALUATION OF SOLIDS CARRYING CAPACITY IN AERATED FLUID DRILLING: REAL SCALE TESTS AND MODELING

This paper summarizes the results of two sets of experimental tests performed at PETROBRAS real scale test facility aiming the evaluation of solids return times in aerated fluid drilling. The effect of the following parameters was studied: liquid and gas injection rates, particle diameter and depth. Results indicate that the gas has a major effect in accelerating the liquid phase, which would be responsible for carrying the particles to the surface. The concept of effective liquid velocity coupled with an adequate procedure for particle sedimentation velocity calculation reproduced the experimental results adequately

Is there a proximal shift in the distribution of colorectal adenomas?

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown a proximal shift of colorectal cancer (CRC) during the last decades. However, few have analyzed the changing distribution of adenomas over time. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the site and the characteristics of colorectal adenomas, in a single center, during two periods. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, observational study in a single hospital of adenomas removed during a total colonoscopy in two one-year periods: 2003 (period 1) and 2012 (period 2). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome, or history of CRC were excluded from the study. The χ(2) statistical test was performed. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: During the two considered periods, a total of 864 adenomas from 2394 complete colonoscopies were analyzed: 333 adenomas from 998 colonoscopies during period 1 and 531 adenomas from 1396 colonoscopies during period 2. There was a significant increase in the proportion of adenomatous polyps in the proximal colon from period 1 to 2 (30.6% to 38.8% (p = 0.015)). Comparing the advanced features of adenomas between the two periods, it was noted that in period 2, the number of adenomas with size ≥1 cm (p = 0.001), high-grade dysplasia (p = 0.001), and villous features (p < 0.0001) had a significant increase compared to period 1. CONCLUSION: Incidence of adenomatous polyps in the proximal colon as well as adenomas with advanced features has increased in the last years. This finding may have important implications regarding methods of CRC screening

TURISMO SUSTENTÁVEL - DESTINOS DO CERRADO

O propósito desse projeto é analisar os aspectos do turismo sustentável, considerados sob três dimensões – ecológica, social e econômica. O contexto investigado abarca os destinos turísticos do Distrito de São Jorge/Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros e Rio Quente Resorts. Os dados foram analisados à luz dos conceitos de turismo sustentável da Organização Mundial do Turismo (OMT). O objetivo principal desse projeto é identificar os pontos negativos, assim como propor sugestões visando diminuir o impacto da atividade turística nestes destinos. Os resultados apontaram que é necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias que visem a preservação dos recursos naturais e da identidade da comunidade local, bem como que se providencie meios para que os habitantes locais possam participar do processo de desenvolvimento econômico

Increasing transparency through the open city toolkit

Degbelo, A., Granell, C., Trilles, S., Bhattacharya, D., & Wissing, J. (2020). Tell Me How My Open Data Is Re-used: Increasing Transparency Through the Open City Toolkit. In S. Hawken, H. Han, & C. Pettit (Eds.), Open Cities, Open Data: Collaborative Cities in the Information Era (pp. 311-330). [Chapter 14] Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6605-5_14The Open Data movement has been gaining momentum in recent years, with increasingly many public institutions making their data freely accessible. Despite much data being already open (and more to come), finding information about the actual usage of these open datasets is still a challenge. This chapter introduces two tools of the Open City Toolkit (OCT) that tackle this issue: a tool to increase transparency and interactive guidelines. Interviews with city council employees confirmed the utility of the transparency tool. Both tools can be used by city councils (for planning purposes) and by users interested to know more about the value of current open datasets (for information purposes).authorsversionpublishe

Hygrothermal durability of bond in FRP-strengthened masonry

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) are accepted as an efficient material for external strengthening of masonry structures. Previous researches have shown that the bond between FRP and the substrate plays an important role in the effectiveness of this strengthening technique. Extensive investigations have been devoted to the characterization of the short-term bond behavior, while its durability and long-term performance requires further studies. In this regard, a full experimental program for investigating the environmental durability of bond in FRP-strengthened masonry is crucial for understanding the degrading mechanisms. This paper presents the results of an experimental program aimed at investigating the hygrothermal durability of bond in FRP-strengthened bricks. Accelerated ageing tests were performed on the FRP-strengthened brick elements and the bond degradation was periodically investigated by visual inspection and by conventional single-lap shear bond tests. The changes in the properties of material constituents have also been monitored. The obtained results are presented and critically discussed.This work was developed within the framework of the RILEM Technical Committee "223-MSC: Masonry Strengthening with Composite Materials". The financial support from the project FP7-ENV-2009-1-244123-NIKER of the 7th Framework Program of the European Commission is gratefully acknowledged. The first author also acknowledges the financial support of the Portuguese Science Foundation (Fundacao de Ciencia e Tecnologia, FCT), through grant SFRH/BD/80697/2011

Avaliaçao do Sensor de Contratilidade Cardíaca em Sistema DDDR - Estudo Multicêntrico

Neste estudo empregou-se um sistema de estimulaçao DDDR, cujo indicador que controla o sensor é o estado contrátil do miocárdio. Foram 85 pacientes portadores de doença no sistema de conduçao cardíaca distribuídos por 15 centros de implante no Brasil. Utilizando um parâmetro do próprio controle cardíaco vascular (contratilidade cardíaca obtida pela medida da impedância intracardíaca unipolar), a adaptaçao da frequência cardíaca é realizada num sistema de malha fechada, possibilitando teoricamente um ajuste a todas as necessidades fisiológicas. O objetivo principal foi avaliar a resposta de freqüência do marcapasso em situaçoes de esforço físico e mental, tanto em ambulatório (teste de esforço e estresse mental), como em atividades diárias do paciente. A programaçao e a calibraçao do sistema foram realizadas 30 dias após o implante (tempo de maturaçao da interface coraçao-eletrodo). Além das avaliaçoes dos limiares de estimulaçao e sensibilidade atriais e ventriculares, foram realizados testes de estresse mental (matemático e de percepçao) e teste ergométrico, monitorizados com histogramas de freqüência gravados pelo próprio marcapasso. A média dos limiares agudos de estimulaçao foi de 0,76±0,40Volts e 0,52±0,35Volts, de sensibilidade foi 2,59±1,49mV e 11,79±4,92mV e a da impedância foi 567±119 Ohms e 628±139 Ohms, para átrios e ventrículos, respectivamente. A média dos limiares crônicos de estimulaçao foi 1,34±0,64Volts e 1,10±0,57Volts e a dos de sensibilidade foi 2,82±1,79mV e 6,62±1,36mV respectivamente para átrios e ventrículos. A freqüência cardíaca variou de 5 a 160% nas atividades físicas e de 3 a 79% nas atividades mentais, com elevaçao apropriada logo no início da atividade. Conclui-se pela excelente performance do sensor estudado, permitindo uma adaptaçao de freqüência muito semelhante à do sistema nervoso autonômico de indivíduos normais

Avaliaçao do Sensor de Contratilidade Cardíaca em Sistema DDDR - Estudo Multicêntrico

Neste estudo empregou-se um sistema de estimulaçao DDDR, cujo indicador que controla o sensor é o estado contrátil do miocárdio. Foram 85 pacientes portadores de doença no sistema de conduçao cardíaca distribuídos por 15 centros de implante no Brasil. Utilizando um parâmetro do próprio controle cardíaco vascular (contratilidade cardíaca obtida pela medida da impedância intracardíaca unipolar), a adaptaçao da frequência cardíaca é realizada num sistema de malha fechada, possibilitando teoricamente um ajuste a todas as necessidades fisiológicas. O objetivo principal foi avaliar a resposta de freqüência do marcapasso em situaçoes de esforço físico e mental, tanto em ambulatório (teste de esforço e estresse mental), como em atividades diárias do paciente. A programaçao e a calibraçao do sistema foram realizadas 30 dias após o implante (tempo de maturaçao da interface coraçao-eletrodo). Além das avaliaçoes dos limiares de estimulaçao e sensibilidade atriais e ventriculares, foram realizados testes de estresse mental (matemático e de percepçao) e teste ergométrico, monitorizados com histogramas de freqüência gravados pelo próprio marcapasso. A média dos limiares agudos de estimulaçao foi de 0,76±0,40Volts e 0,52±0,35Volts, de sensibilidade foi 2,59±1,49mV e 11,79±4,92mV e a da impedância foi 567±119 Ohms e 628±139 Ohms, para átrios e ventrículos, respectivamente. A média dos limiares crônicos de estimulaçao foi 1,34±0,64Volts e 1,10±0,57Volts e a dos de sensibilidade foi 2,82±1,79mV e 6,62±1,36mV respectivamente para átrios e ventrículos. A freqüência cardíaca variou de 5 a 160% nas atividades físicas e de 3 a 79% nas atividades mentais, com elevaçao apropriada logo no início da atividade. Conclui-se pela excelente performance do sensor estudado, permitindo uma adaptaçao de freqüência muito semelhante à do sistema nervoso autonômico de indivíduos normais

The Dynamics of Transmission and Spatial Distribution of Malaria in Riverside Areas of Porto Velho, Rondônia, in the Amazon Region of Brazil

The study area in Rondônia was the site of extensive malaria epidemic outbreaks in the 19th and 20th centuries related to environmental impacts, with large immigration flows. The present work analyzes the transmission dynamics of malaria in these areas to propose measures for avoiding epidemic outbreaks due to the construction of two Hydroelectric Power Plants. A population based baseline demographic census and a malaria prevalence follow up were performed in two river side localities in the suburbs of Porto Velho city and in its rural vicinity. The quantification and nature of malaria parasites in clinical patients and asymptomatic parasite carriers were performed using microscopic and Real Time PCR methodologies. Anopheles densities and their seasonal variation were done by monthly captures for defining HBR (hourly biting rate) values. Main results: (i) malaria among residents show the riverside profile, with population at risk represented by children and young adults; (ii) asymptomatic vivax and falciparum malaria parasite carriers correspond to around 15% of adults living in the area; (iii) vivax malaria relapses were responsible for 30% of clinical cases; (iv) malaria risk for the residents was evaluated as 20–25% for vivax and 5–7% for falciparum malaria; (v) anopheline densities shown outdoors HBR values 5 to 10 fold higher than indoors and reach 10.000 bites/person/year; (vi) very high incidence observed in one of the surveyed localities was explained by a micro epidemic outbreak affecting visitors and temporary residents. Temporary residents living in tents or shacks are accessible to outdoors transmission. Seasonal fishermen were the main group at risk in the study and were responsible for a 2.6 fold increase in the malaria incidence in the locality. This situation illustrates the danger of extensive epidemic outbreaks when thousands of workers and secondary immigrant population will arrive attracted by opportunities opened by the Hydroelectric Power Plants constructions

Genetic diversity in natural populations of Jacaranda decurrens Cham. determined using RAPD and AFLP markers

Jacaranda decurrens (Bignoniaceae) is an endemic species of the Cerrado with validated antitumoral activity. The genetic diversity of six populations of J. decurrens located in the State of São Paulo was determined in this study by using molecular markers for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Following optimization of the amplification reaction, 10 selected primers generated 78 reproducible RAPD fragments that were mostly (69.2%) polymorphic. Two hundred and five reproducible AFLP fragments were generated by using four selected primer combinations; 46.3% of these fragments were polymorphic, indicating a considerable level of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) using these two groups of markers indicated that variability was strongly structured amongst populations. The unweighted pair group method with arithmatic mean (UPGMA) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (RAPD -0.16, p = 0.2082; AFLP 0.37, p = 0.1006) between genetic matrices and geographic distances suggested that the population structure followed an island model in which a single population of infinite size gave rise to the current populations of J. decurrens, independently of their spatial position. The results of this study indicate that RAPD and AFLP markers were similarly efficient in measuring the genetic variability amongst natural populations of J. decurrens. These data may be useful for developing strategies for the preservation of this medicinal species in the Cerrado

A Viral Ubiquitin Ligase Has Substrate Preferential SUMO Targeted Ubiquitin Ligase Activity that Counteracts Intrinsic Antiviral Defence

Intrinsic antiviral resistance represents the first line of intracellular defence against virus infection. During herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection this response can lead to the repression of viral gene expression but is counteracted by the viral ubiquitin ligase ICP0. Here we address the mechanisms by which ICP0 overcomes this antiviral response. We report that ICP0 induces the widespread proteasome-dependent degradation of SUMO-conjugated proteins during infection and has properties related to those of cellular SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases (STUbLs). Mutation of putative SUMO interaction motifs within ICP0 not only affects its ability to degrade SUMO conjugates, but also its capacity to stimulate HSV-1 lytic infection and reactivation from quiescence. We demonstrate that in the absence of this viral countermeasure the SUMO conjugation pathway plays an important role in mediating intrinsic antiviral resistance and the repression of HSV-1 infection. Using PML as a model substrate, we found that whilst ICP0 preferentially targets SUMO-modified isoforms of PML for degradation, it also induces the degradation of PML isoform I in a SUMO modification-independent manner. PML was degraded by ICP0 more rapidly than the bulk of SUMO-modified proteins in general, implying that the identity of a SUMO-modified protein, as well as the presence of SUMO modification, is involved in ICP0 targeting. We conclude that ICP0 has dual targeting mechanisms involving both SUMO- and substrate-dependent targeting specificities in order to counteract intrinsic antiviral resistance to HSV-1 infection