Technocratic and Humanistic Trends in Education: New Tunes

Introduction. The fundamental difference between humanism and technocracy is the attitude toward a human: For a humanist, s/he is the goal, for a technocrat (of any professional affiliation), s/he is a means. For education, this became especially evident when it was labelled as a service sector. The technocratic projects of schooland society in the twentieth century turned out to be unsustainable. Humanistic projects have always remained the examples of ‘abstract humanism’ in history. Humanistic concepts of education are based on the self-actualization of a person, technocratic ones (the second half of the twentieth century) are based on Skinner’sideas that are still popular among practical people. The reason for their survivability is the simplicity and accessibility as well as the success of information technology that contributed to a new wave of technocracy. Humanistic concepts are not so obvious but they have no alternative. Materials and methods. Humanistically oriented teachers, theoretical modelling, surveys, the methods of Cattell, Rosenzweig, and Fidler, the descriptive statistics and discriminant analysis. Results. The situation is ambivalent. Humanists never shied away from advanced technologies and rational justification of their actions, while technocrats still do not always mask the anti-human nature of their position. Nevertheless, the problems of falsification and imitation of education noted by researchers as well as the charm of modern technologies are significant, and this veil hides (for many) the anti-humanity of technocracy. Our approach allows us to remain a humanist under the circumstances. Conclusion. Technology has always been and remains only a tool in the hands of people. The main thing is what kind of the world image exists in their minds, what they are ready to do to achieve their goals. Scientists offer a new humanistic project with the use of the twenty-first-century technologies. This work is a fragment of such a project. The authors would like to see the real action on turning education into a true priority area on the part of the country’s leadership. Keywords: humanism, technocracy, modern education, information technolog

The Impact of Institutional Differences on Derivatives Usage

This paper examines the influence of institutional differences on risk management practices in the US andthe Netherlands. This comparison is interesting because the Dutch firms' institutional setting differs fromthe US setting with respect to shareholder orientation, international trade, disclosure regulation, andreliance on financial markets. In contrast with previous comparisons, we apply a matching and weightingstrategy that corrects for differences over industry and size classes across the Dutch and US samples.After these corrections, the remaining results can be attributed more directly to institutional differences.We find that due to the greater openness of the Netherlands, Dutch firms hedge more financialrisk, especially more currency risk, than US firms. Dutch firms, however, show a lower level of concernover derivatives usage, which is consistent with having less active minority shareholders and less strictdisclosure requirements than the US has. Dutch firms focus le ss on stabilizing accounting earnings withderivatives than US firms, which is likely attributable to the strong shareholder orientation in the USversus the stakeholder orientation in the Netherlands. Whereas Dutch firms tend to rely almostexclusively on OTC-transactions, US firms use exchange-traded derivatives and more counter-parties.This results in US firms imposing stricter requirements on counter-party rating for derivativestransactions. This distinction can be attributed to the differences in the financial environments betweenthe US and the Netherlands. These, and other results, strongly suggest that institutional differencesbetween the US and the Netherlands have an important impact on risk management practices andderivatives use across US and Dutch firms.hedging;risk management;derivatives;international finance

The Impact of Institutional Differences on Derivatives Usage: A Comparative Study of US and Dutch Firms

This paper tests the influence of institutional differences on risk management practices.Several survey studies have investigated derivatives usage for risk management purposes in the US (see, among others, Bodnar, Hayt, Marston and Smithson, 1995 and Bodnar, Hayt and Marston, 1996, 1998).In this paper, we compare derivative practices of US and Dutch firms.This comparison is interesting because the institutional setting for Dutch firms differs from the US setting with respect to shareholder orientation, international trade, disclosure regulation, and the reliance on financial markets.In a number of survey studies additional countries have been studied, such as New Zealand (Berkman, Bradbury and Magan, 1997), Sweden (Alkebäck and Hagelin, 1999) and Germany (Bodnar and Gebhardt, 1999).In contrast with these papers, we facilitate a comparison by applying a matching and a weighting strategy, which corrects for different distributions over industry and size classes in the Dutch and US samples.After these corrections, the remaining results can be attributed to institutional differences.We find that Dutch firms hedge more financial risk. Because of the greater openness of the Netherlands, Dutch firms experience far more foreign exchange exposure and hedge more currency risk.US firms have more concerns regarding derivative usage, which may be linked to the stricter disclosure requirements in the US.US firms also focus more on accounting earnings, which may be attributable to the shareholder orientation in the US versus the stakeholder orientation in the Netherlands.Whereas Dutch firms tend to rely on OTC-transactions, US firms use exchange-traded derivatives and therefore require a higher counter party rating for derivatives transactions. This distinction can be accredited to the differences in the financial environments between the US and the Netherlands.The aforementioned results indicate that institutional differences between the US and the Netherlands have a significant effect on the risk management practices and derivatives use of US and Dutch firms.risk management;hedging;derivatives

The Impact of Institutional Differences on Derivatives Usage:A Comparative Study of US and Dutch Firms

This paper tests the influence of institutional differences on risk management practices.Several survey studies have investigated derivatives usage for risk management purposes in the US (see, among others, Bodnar, Hayt, Marston and Smithson, 1995 and Bodnar, Hayt and Marston, 1996, 1998).In this paper, we compare derivative practices of US and Dutch firms.This comparison is interesting because the institutional setting for Dutch firms differs from the US setting with respect to shareholder orientation, international trade, disclosure regulation, and the reliance on financial markets.In a number of survey studies additional countries have been studied, such as New Zealand (Berkman, Bradbury and Magan, 1997), Sweden (Alkebäck and Hagelin, 1999) and Germany (Bodnar and Gebhardt, 1999).In contrast with these papers, we facilitate a comparison by applying a matching and a weighting strategy, which corrects for different distributions over industry and size classes in the Dutch and US samples.After these corrections, the remaining results can be attributed to institutional differences.We find that Dutch firms hedge more financial risk. Because of the greater openness of the Netherlands, Dutch firms experience far more foreign exchange exposure and hedge more currency risk.US firms have more concerns regarding derivative usage, which may be linked to the stricter disclosure requirements in the US.US firms also focus more on accounting earnings, which may be attributable to the shareholder orientation in the US versus the stakeholder orientation in the Netherlands.Whereas Dutch firms tend to rely on OTC-transactions, US firms use exchange-traded derivatives and therefore require a higher counter party rating for derivatives transactions. This distinction can be accredited to the differences in the financial environments between the US and the Netherlands.The aforementioned results indicate that institutional differences between the US and the Netherlands have a significant effect on the risk management practices and derivatives use of US and Dutch firms.

The Impact of Institutional Differences on Derivatives Usage

This paper examines the influence of institutional differences on risk management practices in the US and the Netherlands. This comparison is interesting because the Dutch firms' institutional setting differs from the US setting with respect to shareholder orientation, international trade, disclosure regulation, and reliance on financial markets. In contrast with previous comparisons, we apply a matching and weighting strategy that corrects for differences over industry and size classes across the Dutch and US samples. After these corrections, the remaining results can be attributed more directly to institutional differences. We find that due to the greater openness of the Netherlands, Dutch firms hedge more financial risk, especially more currency risk, than US firms. Dutch firms, however, show a lower level of concern over derivatives usage, which is consistent with having less active minority shareholders and less strict disclosure requirements than the US has. Dutch firms focus le ss on stabilizing accounting earnings with derivatives than US firms, which is likely attr

A photoelectron spectroscopy study of the electronic structure evolution in CuInSe2-related compounds at changing copper content

Evolution of the valence-band structure at gradually increasing copper content has been analysed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in In2Se3, CuIn5Se8, CuIn3Se5, and CuInSe2 single crystals. A comparison of these spectra with calculated total and angular-momentum resolved density-of-states (DOS) revealed the main trends of this evolution. The formation of the theoretically predicted gap between the bonding and non-bonding states has been observed in both experimental XPS spectra and theoretical DOS

High power gain for stimulated Raman amplification in CuAlS2

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The spontaneous Raman spectra of the chalcopyrite structure crystal CuAlS2, which is promising for nonlinear optical applications, has been investigated at 8 and 300 K. The main aim of this study is to compare the absolute spontaneous Raman scattering efficiency in CuAlS2 crystals with that of their isomorphous analog, zinc-blende structure GaP crystals, known as one of the most efficient materials for amplification. Observation of a high value of absolute scattering efficiency S/L d Omega (where S is the fraction of incident power that scatters into the solid angle d Omega and L is the optical path length with S/L d Omega=9.5X10(-5) cm(-1) sr(-1)), together with relatively narrow linewidth (Gamma=5.1 cm(-1), full width at half maximum at room temperature and Gamma=1.5 cm(-1) at 8 K for the strongest Gamma(1) phonon mode of CuAlS2 at 314 cm(-1)) indicate that CuAlS2 has the highest value of the stimulated Raman gain coefficient g(s)/I where I is the incident laser power density, The calculated value of this gain is g(s)/I=2.1X10(-6) cm(-1)/W at 300 K and 50X10(-6) cm/W, at 8 K for 514.5 nm laser excitation, and is larger than those for the appropriate vibrational modes of various materials (including GaP, LiNbO3, Ba2NbO5O15, CS2 and H-2) investigated so far. The calculations show that cw Raman oscillator operation in CuAlS2 is feasible with low power threshold of pump laser. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics

Thermal expansion anisotropy of CuIn11Se17 single crystals

Homogeneous single crystals of CuIn11S17 with 14 mm in diameter and 40 mm in length were grown by directional crystallization of the melt (vertical Bridgman method). The composition and structure of the obtained single crystals were determined by the X-ray microanalysis and the X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. It is shown that the obtained single crystals crystallize in a hexagonal structure. The anisotropy of thermal expansion was investigated for single crystals oriented parallel and perpendicular to the main crystal axis in the temperature range of 120–600 K. It was found that anomalies of thermal expansion are observed in the indicated single crystals oriented parallel to the main crystal axis

ІННОВАЦІЙНІ МЕТОДИ НАВЧАННЯ В МЕДИЧНИХ ВУЗАХ ПОЛЬЩІ

Ukraine’s accession to the Bologna Process is a systematic integration process of higher education into the European and world educational and scientific space. The current processes of globalization, which make the hard work of adapting the main trends of the Bologna process, still cause controversy among educators and young people. To fulfill these obligations, it would be reasonable and sensible to study and learn from the experience of European countries that have previously embarked on this journey. Poland is one such country. With a long history of higher education, Poland has a good reputation in Europe and the world. More and more foreign entrants are paying attention to it. After graduation, the graduate of the Faculty of Medicine is able to diagnose and identify the indications for medical procedures, to recognize life-threatening complications that require urgent medical assistance, to determine the plan of diagnostics and interpretation of their results, to implement proper and safe treatment and to predict its consequences. The prudence and pragmatism in the implementation of the main points of the Bologna Process indicate that Poland is going the right way, and that Ukraine might have something to borrow from it. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, it can be argued that the difficulties that Poland had in the path of integration into the European educational and scientific space were almost overcome. The exchange of experience would help Ukraine to painlessly and quickly approach the level of European countries.Приєднання України до Болонського процесу – це планомірний інтеграційний процес вищої школи до європейського і світового освітнього та наукового простору. Сучасні процеси глобалізації, що зумовлюють кропітку роботу з адаптації основних тенденцій Болонського процесу, викликають і досі суперечки серед працівників освіти та молоді. Для виконання цих зобов’язань досить розумно та доречно було б вивчити та перейняти досвід європейських країн, які вже раніше стали на цей шлях. Саме такою країною є Польща. Маючи довгу історію розвитку вищої освіти, Польща має гарну репутацію в Європі та світі. Усе більше іноземних абітурієнтів звертають на неї увагу. Випускник медичного факультету після завершення університету вміє встановити діагноз та визначити показання до медичних процедур, розпізнати небезпечні для життя ускладнення, що вимагають невідкладної медичної допомоги, визначити план діагностики та інтерпретації їх результатів, впровадити належне і безпечне лікування і спрогнозувати його наслідок. Зваженість та прагматизм в імплементації основних положень Болонського процесу свідчать про те, що Польща йде правильним шляхом, і Україна могла б дещо в неї запозичити. Виходячи з аналізу наукових джерел, можна стверджувати, що складнощі, які Польща мала на шляху інтеграції до європейського освітнього та науко­вого простору, майже подолані. Обмін досвідом допоміг би Україні безболісно і швидко наблизитися до рівня європейських країн