Store cotton before ginning?

Cover title.Includes bibliographical references

Assembling, storing and ginning cotton in the Mississippi Delta

The Agricultural Experiment Stations of Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, Tennessee, and Texas, cooperating.Includes bibliographical references

Mechanical stripping vs. mechanical picking of cotton

Cover title

Evaluación de la eficiencia biológica de CUSTOM NC®, Micos Plag®, Nano Steel®, Paecilomyces® Versus Vydate® 24 SL, en el control de los fitonemátodos Radophulus spp, Helicotylenchus spp, Criconemoide spp y Pratylenchus spp que afectan el cultivo de plátano (Musa paradisiaca L.)”.

La investigación se realizó en la provincia de Chiriquí, distrito de Alanje, Corregimiento de Nuevo Méjico, en la finca San Isidro, propiedad del Ingeniero Gustavo Gómez. Esta finca tiene coordenadas 8°25'20.2"N 82°44'35.5"W, con una temperatura ambiental promedio anual de 27°C y a una altura de 40 msnm. Cuenta con un Ph en el suelo de 5.9, con textura franco arenoso, donde se registra una precipitación anual de 2 411 mm. Este trabajo de investigación se inició el 17 de abril de 2019 y concluyó el 3 de julio de 2019. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA), para evaluar seis (6) tratamientos con seis (6) repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron: T1: Mico-plag WP; T2: Vydate 24 SL; T3: CustomBio NC (H+B); T4: Nano-Steel 10% SL; T5: B. subtilis, P. fluorescens + Lecanicillium lecanii, Ponchonia chlamydosporia; T6: Testigo. Se tomaron los datos, uno a los cero (0) días de la aplicación y posteriormente a los 30 días y finalmente a los 45 días de haber aplicado los tratamientos. Estas muestras fueron procesadas por el método de tamizado, centrifugación y flotación en azúcar para extraer los fitonemátodos y cuantificar las poblaciones existentes de Radophulus spp, Helicotylenchus spp, Criconemoide spp y Pratylenchus spp, en las muestras procesadas. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue evaluar la eficiencia de nematicidas biológicos (CUSTOM NC®, MICOS PLAG®, NANO STEEL®, PAECILOMYCES®), versus nematicidas químico (VYDATE® 24 SL), para el control de la población de Radophulus spp, Helicotylenchus spp, Criconemoide spp y Pratylenchus spp. vii Luego de la obtención de los datos, se les realizaron un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) con el sistema estadístico SAS. USA 2008. La prueba de medias de Tukey indicó desde el punto de vista estadístico que entre los tratamientos sí existe diferencia significativa y como resultado el tratamiento que mostró mejor control fue:Vydate® 24 SL y (B. subtilis, P. fluorescens + Lecanicillium lecanii, Pachonia chlamydosporia y Paecilomyces lilacinus)

Use of biochar as peat substitute for growing substrates of Euphorbia × lomi potted plants

Biochar from conifers wood was used in soilless culture as growing substrate alternative to peat for ornamental crops. Potted plants of Euphorbia × lomi Rauh cv. 'Ilaria' were grown with different mixtures (v:v) of brown peat and biochar in order to evaluate main physical and chemical characteristics of this biomaterial as well as its effect on plant growth, ornamental characteristics and nutrients uptake. Biochar addition to peat increased pH, EC and K content of the growing substrates, as well as air content and bulk density. Biochar content of substrates significantly affected plant growth and biomass partitioning: higher number of shoots and leaves, leaf area and leaf dry weight were recorded in plants grown in 40% peat-60% biochar, with respect to plants grown in 100% peat and secondarily in 100% biochar. Leaf chlorophyll content was higher in plants grown in 60% and 80% biochar, while biomass water use efficiency was higher with 60% biochar. Plant uptake of K and Ca increased as biochar content of the substrates increased. Hence, a growing substrate containing 40% brown peat and 60% conifers wood biochar was identified as the more suitable mixture allowing to have a high-quality production of Euphorbia × lomi potted plants

KLRF1, a novel marker of CD56bright NK cells, predicts improved survival for patients with locally advanced bladder cancer

Background Bladder tumor-infiltrating CD56bright NK cells are more tumor cytotoxic than their CD56dim counterparts. Identification of NK cell subsets is labor-intensive and has limited utility in the clinical setting. Here, we sought to identify a surrogate marker of bladder CD56bright NK cells and to test its prognostic significance. Methods CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells were characterized with the multiparametric flow (n = 20) and mass cytometry (n = 21) in human bladder tumors. Transcriptome data from bladder tumors (n = 351) profiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. The expression levels of individual markers in intratumoral CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells were visualized in tSNE plots. Expressions of activation markers were also compared between Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily F Member 1 (KLRF1)+ and KLRF1− NK cells. Results Intratumoral CD56bright NK cells displayed a more activated phenotype compared to the CD56dim subset. Multiple intratumoral cell types expressed CD56, including bladder tumor cells and nonspecific intratumoral CD56 expression was associated with worse patient survival. Thus, an alternative to CD56 as a marker of CD56bright NK cells was sought. The activation receptor KLRF1 was significantly increased on CD56bright but not on CD56dim NK cells. Intratumoral KLRF1+ NK cells were more activated and expressed higher levels of activation molecules compared with KLRF1− NK cells, analogous to the distinct effector function of NK cells across CD56 expression. High intratumoral KLRF1 was associated with improved recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.53, p = 0.01), cancer-specific survival (HR 0.47, p = 0.02), and overall survival (HR 0.54, p = 0.02) on multivariable analyses that adjusted for clinical and pathologic variables. Conclusions KLRF1 is a promising prognostic marker in bladder cancer and may guide treatment decisions upon validation

Religion and HIV in Tanzania: Influence of Religious Beliefs on HIV stigma, Disclosure, and Treatment Attitudes.

Religion shapes everyday beliefs and activities, but few studies have examined its associations with attitudes about HIV. This exploratory study in Tanzania probed associations between religious beliefs and HIV stigma, disclosure, and attitudes toward antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. A self-administered survey was distributed to a convenience sample of parishioners (n = 438) attending Catholic, Lutheran, and Pentecostal churches in both urban and rural areas. The survey included questions about religious beliefs, opinions about HIV, and knowledge and attitudes about ARVs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess how religion was associated with perceptions about HIV, HIV treatment, and people living with HIV/AIDS. Results indicate that shame-related HIV stigma is strongly associated with religious beliefs such as the belief that HIV is a punishment from God (p < 0.01) or that people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have not followed the Word of God (p < 0.001). Most participants (84.2%) said that they would disclose their HIV status to their pastor or congregation if they became infected. Although the majority of respondents (80.8%) believed that prayer could cure HIV, almost all (93.7%) said that they would begin ARV treatment if they became HIV-infected. The multivariate analysis found that respondents' hypothetical willingness to begin ARV treatme was not significantly associated with the belief that prayer could cure HIV or with other religious factors. Refusal of ARV treatment was instead correlated with lack of secondary schooling and lack of knowledge about ARVs. The decision to start ARVs hinged primarily on education-level and knowledge about ARVs rather than on religious factors. Research results highlight the influence of religious beliefs on HIV-related stigma and willingness to disclose, and should help to inform HIV-education outreach for religious groups

Interaction of HLA Class II rs9272219 and TMPO rs17028450 (Arg690Cys) Variants Affects Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Susceptibility in an Admixed Mexican Population

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, more prevalent in individuals of non-European ancestry. Few studies have analyzed genetic risk factors in NMOSD, and HLA class II gene variation has been associated NMOSD risk in various populations including Mexicans. Thymopoietin (TMPO) has not been tested as a candidate gene for NMOSD or other autoimmune disease, however, experimental evidence suggests this gene may be involved in negative selection of autoreactive T cells and autoimmunity. We thus investigated whether the missense TMPO variant rs17028450 (Arg630Cys, frequent in Latin America) is associated with NMOSD, and whether this variant shows an interaction with HLA-class II rs9272219, previously associated with NMOSD risk. A total of 119 Mexican NMOSD patients, 1208 controls and 357 Native Mexican individuals were included. The HLA rs9272219 "T" risk allele frequency ranged from 21 to 68%, while the rs17028450 "T" minor allele frequency was as high as 18% in Native Mexican groups. Both rs9272219 and rs17028450 were significantly associated with NMOSD risk under additive models (OR = 2.48; p = 8 × 10(-10) and OR = 1.59; p = 0.0075, respectively), and a significant interaction between both variants was identified with logistic regression models (p = 0.048). Individuals bearing both risk alleles had an estimated 3.9-fold increased risk of NMOSD. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting an association of TMPO gene variation with an autoimmune disorder and the interaction of specific susceptibility gene variants, that may contribute to the genetic architecture of NMOSD in admixed Latin American populations