Analysis of the lack of motivational strategies in the practice of speaking in english class in 3rd year students of the InstItute Fernando Salazar in nagarote during the Second SemeSter oF 2010

In this research problem we try to explain in a clear and organized way the study about the lack of motivation of speaking in the classroom, a topic that my partner and I selected with mutual agreement. The objective of this research problem is to determinate possible causes and consequences about the lack of motivation in the practice of the speaking of English in class and develops some principle strategies that help the students to practicing English. Right now in the educational system of the country one can hear a lot regarding motivation and the lack of motivation of the students in the different levels of study. In our case we decided to do this research in order to be able to know more deeply the main causes that originate from lack of motivation and the problems that the students face in the learning process, mainly in the English class where we find a great apathy and difficulty in the practice of speaking for the students. Also, one can find the different efforts that the school puts forth because it is a institute of learning and it wants to that the participation from the parents in the education of their sons or daughters could be more successful. The theme of motivation is considered a fundamental part of the educational process in order for the students to achieve better learning and if we put in practice the strategies that we found they will help the educational system of the Fernando Salazar Institute

Effects of intake of different concentrations of carbohydrate on performance cycle ergometer: preliminary study

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónDe acuerdo al papel de los carbohidratos en el ejercicio físico prolongado e intenso, se investigan los efectos en la ingesta de soluciones de baja y alta concentración en carbohidratos comprobando si pueden proveer de más energía para mejorar el rendimiento. Se utilizaron tres tipos de soluciones en las mismas condiciones: placebo, baja y alta concentración de carbohidratos en tres sujetos con una prueba de intensidad máxima de 45 minutos en cicloergómetro. Los resultados mostraron que la suplementación de carbohidratos no mejora el rendimiento en un ejercicio durante 45 minutos de intensidad moderada-alta en cicloergómetro. No se encontraron cambios en el rendimiento durante los primeros diez minutos de ejercicio intenso, aunque sí se encontraron mejoras en algunas variables que influyen en el rendimiento, como el ritmo cardiaco, el mantenimiento de altos niveles de glucosa en sangre, una menor producción de lactato y una menor percepción del esfuerzo durante la actividad.AndalucíaES

Nickel(II), Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes of 9-[2- (Phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine (9,8aPMEA), the 8-Aza Derivative of the Antiviral Nucleotide Analogue 9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] adenine (PMEA). Quantification of Four Isomeric Species in Aqueous Solution

The acidity constants of the twofold protonated acyclic nucleotide analogue 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)- ethyl]-8-azaadenine, H2(9,8aPMEA)±, as well as the stability constants of the M(H;9,8aPMEA)+ and M(9,8aPMEA) complexes with the metal ions M2+ =Ni2+, Cu2+ or Zn2+, have been determined by potentiometric pH titrations in aqueous solution at I=0.1 M (NaNO3) and 25℃. The result for the release of the first proton from H2(9,8aPMEA)+ (pKa= 2.73), which originates from the (N1)H+ site, was confirmed by UV-spectrophotometric measurements. Application of previously determined straight-line plots of log KMM(R-PO3) versus PKH3(R-HPO3)' for simple phosph(on)ate ligands, R- PO-, where R represents a residue without an affinity for metal ions, proves that the primary binding site of 9,8aPMEA2- is the phosphonate group for all three metal ions studied. By stability constant comparisons with related ligands it is shown, in agreement with conclusions reached earlier for the Cu(PMEA) system [PMEA2-=dianion of 9-[2- (phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine], that in total four different isomers are in equilibrium with each other, i.e. (i) an open isomer with a sole phosphonate coordination, M(PA)op, where PA2-=PMEA2-or 9,8aPMEA2-, (ii) an isomer with a 5-membered chelate involving the ether oxygen, M(PA)cl/o, (iii) an isomer which contains 5- and 7-membered chelates formed by coordination of the phosphonate group, the ether oxygen and the N3 site of the adenine residue, M(PA)cl/O/N3, and finally (iv) a macrochelated isomer involving N7, M(PA)cl/]N7. The Cu2+ systems of PMEA2- and 9,8aPMEA2- behave quite alike; the formation degrees for Cu(PA)op, CuM(PA)cl/O, Cu(PA)cl/O/N3 and Cu(PA)cl/N3 are approximately 16, 32, 45 and 7%, respectively, which shows that Cu(PA)cl/N7 is a minority species. In the Ni2+ and Zn2+ systems the open isomer is the dominating one followed by M(PA)cl/O, but there are indications that the other two isomers also occur to some extent

El proceso constructivo del colegio de San Pablo en Granada. Análisis y divulgación mediante modelado 3D

[EN] The aim of this article is to facilitate the understanding of the historical phases of the complex construction process at the College of San Pablo, initiated in 1556 and in progress to this day, through three-dimensional virtual reconstructions, obtained from two-dimensional graphichypotheses as well as from the laser scanner survey of the part corresponding to the old Jesuit schools, in order to preserve its original architectural configuration almost intact.It is a building of great relevance for the city of Granada, being known as Jesuit College, University, and Law School, which throughout its history has undergone different transformations. The methodology used to obtain the main phases of the historical-construction process has been based on the collection and analysis of primary and secondary sources. The realization of virtual reconstructions, using 3D modelling and subsequent rendering has proven to be an efficient instrument of conceptual recreation of the spaces and shapes of the architectural complex, due to its great utility in future interventions in the building in addition to its ability to disseminate among the scientific community.[ES] El objetivo de este artículo es facilitar la comprensión de las fases históricas del complejo proceso constructivo del colegio de San Pablo, iniciado en 1556 hasta la actualidad, mediante reconstrucciones virtuales tridimensionales, obtenidas a partir de hipótesis gráficas bidimensionales y del levantamiento con escáner láser de la parte correspondiente a las antiguas escuelas jesuitas, por conservar casi intacta su configuración arquitectónica original.Se trata de un edificio de gran relevancia para la ciudad de Granada –colegio jesuita, universidad, facultad de Derecho–, que a lo largo de su historia ha sufrido diferentes transformaciones. La metodología utilizada para la obtención de las principales fases del proceso histórico-constructivo se ha basado en la recopilación y análisis de las fuentes primarias y secundarias, mientras que la realización de las reconstrucciones virtuales, mediante modelado 3D y su posterior renderización, ha resultado un eficaz instrumento de recreación conceptual de los espacios y formas del conjunto arquitectónico, por su gran utilidad en futuras intervenciones en el edificio y por su capacidad de divulgación a la comunidad científica. Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica y en la Ingeniería. Universidad de GranadaVílchez Lara, MDC.; Gómez-Blanco Pontes, AJ.; Fernández Casas, JM. (2021). Construction process of the College of San Pablo in Granada. Analysis and dissemination through 3D modelling. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 26(42):102-113. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2021.12313OJS102113264

Quantification of isomeric equilibria formed by metal ion complexes of 8-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine (8,8aPMEA) and 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine (9,8aPMEA). Derivatives of the antiviral nucleotide analogue 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA)

The acidity constants of the two-fold protonated acyclic 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine, H2(9,8aPMEA)±, and its 8-isomer, 8-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-8-azaadenine, H2(8,8aPMEA)±, both abbreviated as H2(PA)±, as well as the stability constants of their M(H;PA)+ and M(PA) complexes with the metal ions M2+=Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ or Cd2+, have been determined by potentiometric pH titrations in aqueous solution at I=0.1M (NaNO3) and 25°C. Application of previously determined straight-line plots of log% MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!TeX -- AMS-LaTeX! <![CDATA[% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSn0BKvguHDwzZbqefeKCPfgBGuLBPn % 2BKvginnfarmWu51MyVXgatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy % 0Hgip5wzaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8qrps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbb % f9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq % -He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeWaea % aakeaacaWGlbWaa0baaSqaaiaab2eacaqGOaGaaeOuaiaab2cacaqG % qbGaae4taWWaaSbaaeaacaqGZaaabeaaliaabMcaaeaacaqGnbaaaa % aa!4164! $$K_{{\text{M(R-PO}}_{\text{3}} {\text{)}}}^{\text{M}}$$ versus % MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!TeX -- AMS-LaTeX! <![CDATA[% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSn0BKvguHDwzZbqefeKCPfgBGuLBPn % 2BKvginnfarmWu51MyVXgatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy % 0Hgip5wzaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8qrps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbb % f9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq % -He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeWaea % aakeaacaqGWbGaam4samaaDaaaleaacaqGibGaaeikaiaabkfacaqG % TaGaaeiuaiaab+eammaaBaaabaGaae4maaqabaWccaqGPaaabaGaae % isaaaaaaa!424D! $${\text{p}}K_{{\text{H(R-PO}}_{\text{3}} {\text{)}}}^{\text{H}}$$ for simple phosph(on)ate ligands, % MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!TeX -- AMS-LaTeX! <![CDATA[% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSn0BKvguHDwzZbqefeKCPfgBGuLBPn % 2BKvginnfarmWu51MyVXgatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy % 0Hgip5wzaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8qrps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbb % f9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq % -He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeWaea % aakeaacaqGsbGaaeylaiaabcfacaqGpbWaa0baaSqaaiaaiodaaeaa % caaIYaGaeyOeI0caaaaa!3F15! $${\text{R-PO}}_3^{2-}$$, where R represents a residue without an affinity for metal ions, proves that for all M(PA) complexes a larger stability is observed than is expected for a sole phosphonate coordination of the metal ion. This increased stability is attributed to the formation of five-membered chelates involving the ether oxygen present in the aliphatic residue (% MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!TeX -- AMS-LaTeX! <![CDATA[% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSn0BKvguHDwzZbqefeKCPfgBGuLBPn % 2BKvginnfarmWu51MyVXgatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy % 0Hgip5wzaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8qrps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbb % f9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq % -He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeWaea % aakeaacaqGTaGaae4qaiaabIeadaWgaaWcbaGaaeOmaaqabaGccaqG % TaGaae4taiaab2cacaqGdbGaaeisamaaBaaaleaacaqGYaaabeaaki % aab2cacaqGqbGaae4tamaaDaaaleaacaqGZaaabaGaaeOmaiabgkHi % Taaaaaa!460C! $${\text{-CH}}_{\text{2}} {\text{-O-CH}}_{\text{2}} {\text{-PO}}_{\text{3}}^{{\text{2}}-}$$) of the ligands. The formation degrees of these chelates were calculated; they vary between about 13% for Ca(8,8aPMEA) and 71% for Cu(8,8aPMEA). The adenine residue has no influence on complex stability except in the Cu(9,8aPMEA) and Zn(9,8aPMEA) systems, where an additional stability increase attributable to the adenine residue is observed and equilibria between four different isomers exist. This means (1) an open isomer with a sole phosphonate coordination, M(PA)op, where PA2−=9,8aPMEA2−, (2) an isomer with a five-membered chelate involving the ether oxygen, M(PA)cl/O, (3) an isomer which contains five- and seven-membered chelates formed by coordination of the phosphonate group, the ether oxygen and the N3 site of the adenine residue, M(PA)cl/O/N3, and finally (4) a macrochelated isomer involving N7, M(PA)cl/N7. For Cu(9,8aPMEA) the formation degrees are 15, 30, 48 and 7% for Cu(PA)op, Cu(PA)cl/O, Cu(PA)cl/O/N3 and Cu(PA)cl/N7, respectively; this proves that the macrochelate involving N7 is a minority species. The situation for the Cu(PMEA) system, where PMEA2− represents the parent compound, i.e. the dianion of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine, is quite similar. The relationship between the antiviral activity of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates and the structures of the various complexes is discussed and an explanation is offered why 9,8aPMEA is biologically active but 8,8aPMEA is no