UAVs mission planning with imposition of flight level through fast marching square

Many proposed activities to be carried out by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in urban environments require a control over the altitude for different purposes. Energy saving and minimization of costs are some of these objectives. This work presents a method to impose a flight level in a mission planning carried out by a UAV in a 3D urban environment. The planning avoids all obstacles encountered in the environment and maintains a fixed flight level in the majority of the trajectory. The method used as planner is the Fast Marching Square (FM2) method, which includes two adjustment parameters. Depending on the values of these parameters, it is possible to introduce into the planning an altitude constraint, as well as to modify the smoothness of the trajectory and the safety margins from the obstacles. Several simulated experiments have been carried out in different situations obtaining very good results.The research leading to these results has received funding from the RoboCity2030-III-CM project (Robótica aplicada a la mejora de la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos, fase III; S2013/MIT-2748), funded by Programas de Actividades I+D en la Comunidad de Madrid and cofunded by Structural Funds of the EU

La experiencia vital como marco de referencia de las concepciones sobre el Derecho y la Justicia. Figuras ejemplares de la Filosofía del Derecho

El artículo resume el proyecto de innovación educativa llevado a cabo en el área de Filosofía del Derecho durante el curso académico 2017/2018. Un proyecto con el que se pretendió complementar la enseñanza-aprendizaje poniendo el foco en los sujetos concretos, en las "figuras ejemplares" que han articulado la Filosofía del Derecho como disciplina. Esta primera edición del proyecto estuvo dedicada a las figuras de Cicerón, Francisco de Vitoria, Bartolomé de las Casas, Ginés de Sepúlveda y Gustav Radbruch.Unidad de Innovación Docente, Universidad de CádizEl texto del artículo comprende tres páginas y un anexo con el modelo de encuesta aplicada a los/as alumnos/as

Real-time surveillance systems: Applicability for the control of influenza in acute care

Producción CientíficaThe high morbidity and mortality caused by influenza viruses translate into a great impact on specialized health care. Apart from the annual vaccination, the relevance of other measures to prevent and control this infection is unknown. The objective of our research was to determine the importance of a real-time surveillance system to establish early extended transmission precautions

Chondroid Tumors: Review of Salient Imaging Features and Update on the WHO Classification

Chondrogenic tumors are typically well recognized on radiographs, but differentiation between benign and malignant cartilaginous lesions can be difficult both for the radiologist and for the pathologist. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, radiological and histological findings. While treatment of benign lesions does not require surgery, the only curative treatment for chondrosarcoma is resection. This article (1) emphasizes the update of the WHO classification and its diagnostic and clinical effects; (2) describes the imaging features of the various types of cartilaginous tumors, highlighting findings that can help differentiate benign from malignant lesions; (3) presents differential diagnoses; and (4) provides pathologic correlation. We attempt to offer valuable clues in the approach to this vast entit

Oxygen Saturation on Admission Is a Predictive Biomarker for PD-L1 Expression on Circulating Monocytes and Impaired Immune Response in Patients With Sepsis

Sepsis is a pathology in which patients suffer from a proinflammatory response and a dysregulated immune response, including T cell exhaustion. A number of therapeutic strategies to treat human sepsis, which are different from antimicrobial and fluid resuscitation treatments, have failed in clinical trials, and solid biomarkers for sepsis are still lacking. Herein, we classified 85 patients with sepsis into two groups according to their blood oxygen saturation (SaO2): group I (SaO2 ≤ 92%, n = 42) and group II (SaO2 > 92%, n = 43). Blood samples were taken before any treatment, and the immune response after ex vivo LPS challenge was analyzed, as well as basal expression of PD-L1 on monocytes and levels of sPD-L1 in sera. The patients were followed up for 1 month. Taking into account reinfection and exitus frequency, a significantly poorer evolution was observed in patients from group I. The analysis of HLA-DR expression on monocytes, T cell proliferation and cytokine profile after ex vivo LPS stimulation confirmed an impaired immune response in group I. In addition, these patients showed both, high levels of PD-L1 on monocytes and sPD-L1 in serum, resulting in a down-regulation of the adaptive response. A blocking assay using an anti-PD-1 antibody reverted the impaired response. Our data indicated that SaO2 levels on admission have emerged as a potential signature for immune status, including PD-L1 expression. An anti-PD-1 therapy could restore the T cell response in hypoxemic sepsis patients with SaO2 ≤ 92% and high PD-L1 levels

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Los contratos sobre el buque en Derecho Español. Análisis práctico

Prólogo / José Luis Gabaldón García (pp. 9-13). -- Introducción (pp. 15-18). -- El contrato de construcción naval: aspectos prácticos / Gonzalo Alvar Ezquerra (pp. 19-37). -- El contrato de compraventa / Carlos López-Quiroga, Luz Martínez de Azcoitia y José Sánchez-Fayos Martín-Peña (pp. 39-58). -- El contrato de arrendamiento de buque / Rodolfo González Lebrero (pp. 59-75). -- El contrato de fletamento por tiempo / José María Alcántara González (pp. 77-102). -- El contrato de fletamento por viaje: contenido obligacional / Juan Pablo Rodríguez Delgado (pp. 103-144). -- El contrato de transporte marítimo en régimen de conocimiento de embarque / Javier del Corte (pp. 145-186). -- Los documentos de transporte / Carlos Llorente (pp. 187-205). -- Contratos de utilización del buque para fines distintos del transporte de mercancías / José Manuel G. Pellicer (pp. 207-221). -- El contrato de arrendamiento náutico / León von Ondarza (pp. 223-244). -- El contrato de pasaje marítimo / Hannah de Bustos, Antonio Quirós de Sas y Julio López Quiroga (pp. 245-260). -- Los contratos de gestión naval para la dotación del buque / Bernardo Ruiz Lima (pp. 261-279). -- El contrato de gestión naval / Víctor Mata Garrido (pp. 281-302). -- El contrato de consignación de buques /Jesús Barbadillo Eyzaguirre (pp. 303-323). -- El contrato de manipulación portuaria / Carlos Pérez (pp. 325-338). -- El contrato de practicaje / Alicia Velasco Nates (pp. 339-356). -- Los contratos de mediación en la explotación del buque / Carmen Codes Cid y Martín Prieto Sulleiro (pp. 357-372). -- El contrato de remolque / Ana Sánchez Horneros (pp. 373- 392). -- El contrato de remolque / Jaime de Castro (pp. 393-412). -- El contrato de salvamento / Luis Souto (pp. 413-430). -- El contrato de remoción de restos / Verónica Meana (pp. 431-446). -- El contrato de clasificación del buque / Jaime Rodrigo de Larrucea (pp. 447-463). -- El seguro de casco y máquina / Carlos Cerdá Donat y Diego de San Simón Palacios (pp. 465-491). -- Los clubes de protección e indemnización (P&I) / Miguel Caballero (pp. 493-504). -- El seguro de protección e indemnización (P&I) / Jaime Albors (pp. 505-524). -- El seguro del acreedor hipotecario / Luis F. Gómez de Mariaca Fernández (pp. 525-540)

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Impacto de la transmisión nosocomial del virus de la gripe en un hospital de agudos

ABSTRACT Background: The increase in morbidity and mortality associated the influenza virus infections represents an important global challenge, with particular relevance within health institutions. The aim of the study was to highlight the impact, repercussions and characteristics of the nosocomial transmission of influenza virus. Methods: A sample of 286 hospitalized patients in a third-level hospital with confirmed influenza (virus RNA in respiratory specimens) is included. The study design was observational, through the collection of positive microbiological results from the 2016-2017 season. A comparative statistical analysis was carried out between cases of community-acquired influenza and hospital-acquired cases. Results: 14.3% of the total sample (41 cases) was considered of nosocomial origin. Significant differences were observed in the percentage of vaccinated between hospital-acquired (34.1%) and community-acquired (50.2%); and in the number of days of hospitalization after diagnosis between both groups. The attack rate was 0.66%. Conclusions: The nosocomial acquisition of the influenza virus resulted in a greater severity of the process and in the increase of days of hospital stay. Strict adherence to control measures and epidemiological surveillance of influenza cases has allowed to reduce the attack rate.RESUMEN Fundamentos: El incremento de la morbimortalidad asociado a la infección por el virus de la gripe supone un importante reto a nivel mundial, con especial relevancia dentro de las instituciones sanitarias. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el impacto, repercusiones y características de la transmisión nosocomial del virus de la gripe. Métodos: Se incluyó una muestra de 286 pacientes hospitalizados en un centro de tercer nivel con gripe con firmada (ARN del virus en muestras respiratorias). El di seño del estudio fue observacional, mediante recogida de los resultados microbiológicos positivos de la temporada de gripe 2016-2017. Se realizó un análisis estadístico comparativo entre los casos de gripe comunitaria y los casos nosocomiales. Resultados: El 14.3% del total de la muestra (41 casos) se consideró de origen nosocomial. Se observaron diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de vacunados entre los casos de infección nosocomial (34,1%) y comunitaria (50,2%), y en el número de días de ingreso tras diagnóstico (12 ±22 días para los casos nosocomiales y 6 ±8 días para los comunitarios). La tasa de ataque fue del 0,66%. Conclusiones: La adquisición nosocomial del virus de la gripe se tradujo en una mayor gravedad del cuadro y en el incremento de los días de estancia hospitalaria. El estricto cumplimiento de las medidas de control y vigilancia epidemiológica de los casos de gripe ha permitido lograr una tasa de ataque reducida

Layer-dependence of macroscopic and atomic magnetic correlations in Co/Pd multilayers

The development of multilayered materials with engineered magnetic properties compels a deep knowledge of physical properties at the atomic scale. The magnetic anisotropy is a key property in these materials. This work accounts for the magnetic anisotropy energy and its correlation with atomic properties of Co/Pd multilayers with the number of Co/Pd repetitions. Magnetometry measurements confirm stronger perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energies as the number of repetitions increases up to 40. However, the intrinsic anisotropy, related to the Co–Pd orbital hybridization and spin–orbit coupling, saturates at 15 repetitions. This finding is supported by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism analysis that reveals a direct correlation of the atomic Co and Pd orbital magnetic moments and the effective anisotropy of the system. The proximity effect that accounts for the Pd induced magnetization, along with the increasing Co moment, provides a suitable mechanism for the observed anisotropy energy layer dependence.This work received funding from the MINECO-AEI FIS2016-76058, UE FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”; the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant No. 734801, and the Basque Country Grant Nos. IT1162-19 and PIBA 2018-11. UPV/EHU authors are thankful for the technical and human support provided by the laser facility, x-ray service, electron microscopy, and magnetic measurement units of SGIker UPV/EHU. We acknowledge the access to BL29 at ALBA synchrotron light facility via official Proposal No. 2015091407. M.V. acknowledges funding via MINECO [Grant No. FIS2016-78591-C3-2-R (AEI/FEDER, UE)]. IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges the support from the “Severo Ochoa” Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, Grant No. SEV-2016-0686). R.M. acknowledges enlightening discussions with Dr. Arturo Ponce-Pedraza (UTSA) on TEM.Peer reviewe