1,817 research outputs found
Institutional Embeddedness of Local Willingness to Pay for Environmental Services: Evidence From Matiguás, Nicaragua
The concept of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) has gained increasing popularity in the conservation literature as it offers the potential to reconcile opposing social and ecological objectives by paying land owners for the positive environmental externalities they generate on their land. Based on extensive fieldwork in Matiguás, Nicaragua, this paper aims to complement the literature on locally-financed PES schemes in agricultural watersheds. Using both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, it inquires into the under-researched demand-side potential by assessing local willingness to pay (WTP) for water and watershed services in an upstream-downstream setting. Our results show a significant WTP for improved water services and a clear local consciousness about upstream-downstream interdependencies, suggesting potential for a ‘Coasean’ water-related PES scheme. Contrary to expectations, the feasibility of such a locally-financed PES system is however undermined by prevailing local perceptions of agricultural externalities and entitlements, questioning the fairness of such payments. Also low levels of mutual trust seem to undermine the credibility of the PES framework. The viability and acceptance of locally-financed PES mechanisms will thus also depend on the prior social production of cognitive synergies and improved collective action.Payments for Environmental Services; Watershed; Willingness to pay; Fairness; Externalities; Institutions
Investigating Fatigue Performance on the Foamed Asphalt Specimens Generated Using Different Foam Properties
An evaluation of fatigue resistance for foamed asphalt mixture is very demanding since the binder is not continuously distributed on the aggregate surface and this mixtures contains water, the content of which dramatically affects the mechanical properties. This paper discusses the results of laboratory fatigue testingon the foamed asphalt mixtures in which the specimens are generated using three different foamed bitumen properties. Foamed bitumen as the binder was produced at three different foaming water content (FWC) at a temperature of 180oC using a 70/100 pen. The aggregates were mechanically mixed with foamed bitumen using a Hobart mixer. The resulting mixtures were then compacted using a gyratory compactor to generatespecimen with diameter of 100 mm. The specimens were fatigue tested at various stress levels at a temperature of 20oC following a curing period of 3 days at 40oC. Overall, fatigue performance of foamed asphalt can be identified based upon both stress and strain for mixtures produced at FWC 1%, 5%, and 10%
Teaching Social Say: Analysis of a Social Government Technique
El artículo analiza las políticas docentes, entendidas como un instrumental metodológico, para abordar las tecnologías de formación y modificación de prácticas que permiten el despliegue del decir verdad y del gobierno social de la pedagogía. Se parte, desde una perspectiva genealógica y analítica, de las superficies de emergencia, las instancias de delimitación y de especificación de los saberes docentes en su discontinuidad, sistematicidad y exterioridad con el objetivo de comprender el haz de relaciones del poder pedagógico. Se argumenta que la docencia es una técnica de gobierno que produce y modifica sujetos: desde la enseñanza, como experiencia gregaria de recogimiento y de conversión religiosa mediante las prácticas de análisis de la conciencia, del examen, de la culpa y de la confesión a través de la inscripción y exteriorización de la verdad del sujeto para la salvación; desde la educación, mediadora entre el sujeto y la sociedad para la normalización del individuo, apoyada por la vigilancia, el examen y la identificación; desde el decir de la gestión, como práctica de gerenciamiento, de control de sí y de los otros por la demanda de las competencias, pero también, decir subjetivo de éticas y estéticas de la diferencia.The article analyzes teaching policies understood as a methodological instrument to address information technologies and modification of practices which allow the deployment of truth and social government of pedagogy. The analysis is conducted from a genealogical and analytical perspective of emergency surfaces, delimitation and specification instances of the teaching knowledge in relation to its discontinuity, systematization, and exteriority with the purpose of understanding the number of relations of the pedagogic power. It is alleged that teaching is a governmental technique intended to produce and modify individuals: from the teaching itself, as a gregarious experience of meditation and religious conversion through analysis of consciousness, test, guilt, and confession through the inscription and exteriorization of the individual’s truth for salvation; from the education, a mediator between individual and society for the individual’s standardization, supported by supervision, test, and identification; from the management, as a managing practice to control the individual and the others for the demand of competences and the subjective opinion on ethics and aesthetics of differences
Estimating the mass of CMEs from the analysis of EUV dimmings
Context. Reliable estimates of the mass of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are required to quantify their energy and predict how they affect space weather. When a CME propagates near the observer's line of sight, these tasks involve considerable errors, which motivated us to develop alternative means for estimating the CME mass. Aims. We aim at further developing and testing a method that allows estimating the mass of CMEs that propagate approximately along the observer's line of sight. Methods. We analyzed the temporal evolution of the mass of 32 white-light CMEs propagating across heliocentric heights of 2.5-15 R, in combination with that of the mass evacuated from the associated low coronal dimming regions. The mass of the white-light CMEs was determined through existing methods, while the mass evacuated by each CME in the low corona was estimated using a recently developed technique that analyzes the dimming in extreme-UV (EUV) images. The combined white-light and EUV analyses allow the quantification of an empirical function that describes the evolution of CME mass with height. Results. The analysis of 32 events yielded reliable estimates of the masses of front-side CMEs. We quantified the success of the method by calculating the relative error with respect to the mass of CMEs determined from white-light STEREO data, where the CMEs propagate close to the plane of sky. The median for the relative error in absolute values is ≈30%; 75% of the events in our sample have an absolute relative error smaller than 51%. The sources of uncertainty include the lack of knowledge of piled-up material, subsequent additional mass supply from the dimming region, and limitations in the mass-loss estimation from EUV data. The proposed method does not rely on assumptions of CME size or distance to the observer's plane of sky and is solely based on the determination of the mass that is evacuated in the low corona. It therefore represents a valuable tool for estimating the mass of Earth-directed events.Fil: López, F. M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Cremades Fernandez, Maria Hebe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Balmaceda, Laura Antonia. George Mason University; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Nuevo, Federico Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Vásquez, A. M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero; Argentin
Lecciones del Archipiélago Gulag
Reseña del siguiente libro:SOLZHENITSYN, Aleksandr (2007). El Archipiélago Gulag (Josep M. Güel y Enrique Fernández Vemet, trad.). Edición electrónica
Una propuesta neoinstitucional en la transacción a la democracia: El parlamentarismo como perspectiva integradora.
México enfrenta actualmente un proceso en la consolidación de su democracia, aun después de la transición democrática, han surgido nuevos problemas en la definición del sistema político que tiene que ver en la manera en que se ejerce el poder, en cómo se distribuye y sobre todo como se regula mediante la ley.
En los últimos años se ha experimentado un cambio radical en la política del país, pasando de un régimen autoritario con una sociedad poco participativa y sumisa a la autoridad presidencial a un régimen democrático, competitivo y plural en el cual la sociedad hace entrever cada vez más sus necesidades y para ello se muestra más participativa y critica ante la política nacional. Esto ha traído consigo nuevas dificultades para el gobierno y en la inclusión de las diferentes demandas sociales e individuales, algunos de estos problemas tienen origen en el sistema presidencial mexicano, aún vigente desde 1917 pero que ahora funciona bajo un contexto democrático que supone la existencia de frenos, contrapesos y la generación de acuerdos para hacer funcional al gobierno y al sistema mismo
SPRAY CONE ANGLES GENERATED BY A DUAL CENTRIFUGAL INJECTOR
A dual pressure swirl injector is characterized by two independent concentric chambers which can provide independent rotational levels to a single liquid or two different liquids. This paper compares theoretical, semi-empirical and experimental results concerning the spray cone angles formed by injection of water, ethanol and biodiesel through a dual pressure swirl injector. Data are obtained for injection of the same liquid through the primary and secondary chambers and for injection of ethanol in the primary chamber and biodiesel through the secondary chamber of the injector. Experimental data are obtained using photographic techniques and are analyzed by an image processing software developed in Matlab language
Social impact analysis of products under a holistic approach: A case study in the meat product supply chain
Social impact assessment of products can be approached through different methodologies that need to be adapted to the particularities and features of the studied subject. Thus, the Social Life Cycle Assessment methodology can be used to assess different innovative practices of product manufacturing, under a circular economy approach, by identifying potential positive as well as negative impacts along products’ life cycle. This paper presents the results of the Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment of a reference product from the Spanish meat industry using existing and new innovative methods of social impact analysis. Worker discrimination, health and safety for workers, consumers and local community were identified as the social aspects with relevant significance into the business or for the influence on customer’s perception of the products studied. Therefore, results can represent a reference scenario for the future assessment of innovative solutions in the Spanish meet sector. Despite the scarce use of Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment, this case study is a good example of how this innovative kind of assessment can be helpful for companies to identify their weak and strong social performance areas and design strategies to improve in Social Responsibility Management. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Three-dimensional track reconstruction for directional Dark Matter detection
Directional detection of Dark Matter is a promising search strategy. However,
to perform such detection, a given set of parameters has to be retrieved from
the recoiling tracks : direction, sense and position in the detector volume. In
order to optimize the track reconstruction and to fully exploit the data of
forthcoming directional detectors, we present a likelihood method dedicated to
3D track reconstruction. This new analysis method is applied to the MIMAC
detector. It requires a full simulation of track measurements in order to
compare real tracks to simulated ones. We conclude that a good spatial
resolution can be achieved, i.e. sub-mm in the anode plane and cm along the
drift axis. This opens the possibility to perform a fiducialization of
directional detectors. The angular resolution is shown to range between
20 to 80, depending on the recoil energy, which is however
enough to achieve a high significance discovery of Dark Matter. On the
contrary, we show that sense recognition capability of directional detectors
depends strongly on the recoil energy and the drift distance, with small
efficiency values (50%-70%). We suggest not to consider this information either
for exclusion or discovery of Dark Matter for recoils below 100 keV and then to
focus on axial directional data.Comment: 27 pages, 20 figure
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