Utopía del fin de la utopía

La utopía como imagen o proyecto de un futuro mejor que se contrapone al presente real y la utopía como presencia efectiva de la conciencia de los hombres que inspira sus actos no puede nunca extinguirse. Se extinguirá con ella la posibilidad del hombre de incidir en el curso de la historia

Expectativas de los alumnos de Ciencias Empresariales de la Universidad Hispalense: Una aproximación empírica

En el presente estudio hemos pretendido conocer las expectativas laborales de los estudiantes de Ciencias Empresariales (estudios superiores y de grado medio) una vez que éstos terminen sus respectivos estudios universitarios. A partir de aquí, fijamos a su vez una serie de subobjetivos que quedaron enmarcados en la siguiente jerarquía: comparar los resultados entre los dos centros universitarios, y, poner en relación la opinión de nuestros alumnos con la expresada en otros estudios anteriormente desarrollados, sobre el empresariado de la Comunidad Autónoma Andaluza. Para el cumplimiento de los objetivos anteriormente citados hemos desarrolado una investigación en los dos centros en los que se imparten estudios de Ciencias Empresariales

Cambios en la enseñanza de administración de empresas

Los cambios en la enseñanza de administración de empresas se están produciendo de un modo disperso e irregular, originados más por la aparición de iniciativas individuales que por procesos institucionales programados. El origen de estos movimientos docentes sin orientación, se encuentra en la carencia de un modelo de enseñanza asentado y bien definido. Por ello, la comunicación define las dimensiones básicas del modelo de docencia en el campo de la administración de empresas. Las dimensiones consideradas son: Conocimientos; Capacidades; Habilidades; Actitudes y Valores. La comunicación, desarrolla las dimensiones y su medición para definir la estructura de la enseñanza de las asignaturas que actualmente se imparten en la Universidad. Las diversas materias emplean combinaciones particulares de las cuatro dimensiones, estableciendo equilibrios diferentes, lo que finalmente produce estructuras distintas que conviven dentro de un programa curricular. Para el análisis, empleamos como método de investigación el método del caso, realizando un análisis transversal

Gestión de calidad total y actividades de I+D en empresas españolas

In the past three years it is been started a wave of interest in the TQM implementation in the R&D department. The outcomes of differents researches show that the quality management it is not only possible in the environment of these units, but it also helps to increase the value and the efficiency of its management. For that, the research and the development must have been planned with a complete comprenssion of the customers’s expectations. It is for that reason because of the management and the degree of functioning of R&D units in the big Spanish enterprises, according to the principles of the total quality management, is became the aim of our research.Dans les trois dernières années a surgi un grand intérêt dans l'implantation de TQM dans les départements de R&D. Les résultats de plusieurs investigations montrent que la gestion de la qualité est possible dans le cadre de cettes unités, et en plus aide à augmenter la valeur et l’efficience dans sa gestion. La TQM augmente les opportunités de bien faire les choses dès la première fois et pour toujours. C’est pour céla que la recherche et le développement doivent avoir été planifiés avec la compréhension total des expectatives des clients. Pour cette raison, l'objectif de notre recherche consiste à étudier la gestion et le degré de fonctionnement des unités de R&D dans les grandes entreprises espagnoles d’après les principes de la philosophie de la gestión de la qualité total

Propuesta de herramienta de gestión para el reordenamiento territorial de Joyocoto

The urban growth of Guaranda has led to the loss of agricultural areas in surfaces and limits, affecting the production and supply of food, reaching the point of not guaranteeing the food security determined by the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, for which it is necessary to implement technical tools that allow soil management and consequently preserve agricultural development, in this sense Joyocoto-Guaranda is located within an agricultural area, this being its main economic activity, that is, agricultural production, therefore, it is essential to establish and establish a management tool, as well as its factors, characterization of the process, from the perspective of the territorial reorganization of Joyocoto, consequently, an explanatory methodology of qualitative and quantitative approach is presented with a descriptive research design. In this order of ideas, the study population corresponds to Joyocoto with 856 inhabitants and an approximate number of 214 houses, belonging to the province of Bolívar and specifically Joyocoto, which consists of 717 plots that represent a study area of ​​1284697.5 hectares. , which consist of a characterization of properties by areas, finding properties smaller than 200 m2, from 201 to 300 m2, 301 to 400 m2 and, properties greater than 400 m2, who have suffered divisions into orchards and family lots, within From the year 2013 to the year 2022, as a fundamental aspect for the collection of information, an archival review was carried out in the Municipality of Guaranda and directly in the Land Management Unit.El crecimiento urbano de Guaranda ha llevado a la pérdida de áreas agrícolas en su periferia y límites, afectando la producción y abastecimiento de alimentos, llegando a no garantizar la seguridad alimentaria que determina la Constitución de la República del Ecuador,  por lo que es necesario implementar herramientas técnicas que permitan una gestión de los suelos y desarrollo agrícola, en este sentido Joyocoto-Guaranda se encuentra dentro de una zona agrícola siendo esta su principal actividad económica, por lo tanto, es fundamental fijar y establecer una herramienta de gestión; así como sus factores y caracterización del proceso, desde la óptica del  reordenamiento territorial de Joyocoto, consecuentemente, se presenta una metodología explicativa de enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo con un diseño de investigación descriptiva. En este orden de ideas la población de estudio corresponde a Joyocoto con 856 habitantes y, un número aproximado de 214 viviendas, perteneciente a la provincia de Bolívar, cantón Guaranda con un total de 717 lotes que representan un área de estudio de 1284697.5 metros cuadrados, los cuales constan de una caracterización de predios por áreas, encontrándonos con predios menores a 200 m2, de 201 a 300 m2, de 301 a 400 m2 y, predios mayores a 400 m2, quienes han sufrido fraccionamientos a los huertos y lotes familiares, desde el año 2013 hasta el año 2022. Como aspecto fundamental para la recolección de información se realizó una revisión archivística al Municipio de Guaranda y directamente a la Unidad de Ordenamiento Territorial de la Dirección de Planificación

Aspectos fundamentales en la transmisión de la propiedad y el control en la empresa familiar: la efectividad de la sucesión

“El problema de las empresas familiares no está tanto en su nacimiento como en su desarrollo y continuidad” (Gallo, 1998, p. 13). Entre las principales causas de este fenómeno sobresalen las relacionadas con la sucesión. Y es que, cómo mantener el negocio en la familia y la familia en el negocio no es una cuestión fácil de resolver. A pesar de la importancia que reviste para la empresa familiar esta transmisión efectiva de la propiedad y el control a lo largo de las distintas generaciones, los trabajos que consideran como unidad de investigación la sucesión en la empresa familiar son aún escasos, constituyendo éste un tema de reciente actualidad. Por ambas razones hemos consideramos necesario y pertinente emprender una línea de investigación en la que se profundice en todo lo concerniente a la sucesión en la empresa familiar, constituyendo el presente trabajo, uno de los primeros resultados obtenidos."The problem of the family enterprises is not in its birth, is in its development and continuity" (Gallo, 1998, p. 13). The succession is between the principal reasons of this phenomenon. How to support the business in the family and the family in the business is not a question easy to solve. In spite of the importance that it has for the family enterprise this effective transmission of the property and the control along the different generations, the works that consider the succession to be a unit of investigation in the family enterprise are still scanty, constituting this one a topic of recent current importance. For both reasons we have consider necessarily and pertinent to tackle a line of investigation in which it is deepened in everything relating to the succession in the family enterprise, constituting the present work, one of the first obtained results

Impact of a multifaceted intervention to improve antibiotic prescribing: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial

Objectives: This study sought to assess the effectiveness and return on investment (ROI) of a multifaceted intervention aimed at improving antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections in primary care. Design: Large-sized, two-arm, open-label, pragmatic, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Setting: All primary care physicians working for the Spanish National Health Service (NHS) in Galicia (region in north-west Spain). Participants: The seven spatial clusters were distributed by unequal randomisation (3:4) of the intervention and control groups. A total of 1217 physicians (1.30 million patients) were recruited from intervention clusters and 1393 physicians (1.46 million patients) from control clusters. Interventions: One-hour educational outreach visits tailored to training needs identified in a previous study; an online course integrated in practice accreditation; and a clinical decision support system. Main outcome measures: Changes in the ESAC (European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption) quality indicators for outpatient antibiotic use. We used generalised linear mixed and conducted a ROI analysis to ascertain the overall cost savings. Results: Median follow-up was 19 months. The adjusted effect on overall antibiotic prescribing attributable to the intervention was − 4.2% (95% CI: − 5.3% to − 3.2%), with this being more pronounced for penicillins − 6.5 (95% CI: − 7.9% to − 5.2%) and for the ratio of consumption of broad- to narrow-spectrum penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides − 9.0% (95% CI: − 14.0 to − 4.1%). The cost of the intervention was €87 per physician. Direct savings per physician attributable to the reduction in antibiotic prescriptions was €311 for the NHS and €573 for patient contributions, with an ROI of €2.57 and €5.59 respectively. Conclusions: Interventions designed on the basis of gaps in physicians’ knowledge of and attitudes to misprescription can improve antibiotic prescribing and yield important direct cost savings. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN24158380. Registered 5 February 2009. © 2020, The Author(s).This work was supported in part by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCII) (PI081239, PI09/90609, PI19/01006) Spanish State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2012–2016 and 2017–2020, co-financed by The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Mutua Madrileña insurance company.publishe

Isolation of Ovicidal Fungi from Fecal Samples of Captive Animals Maintained in a Zoological Park

There are certain saprophytic fungi in the soil able to develop an antagonistic effect against eggs of parasites. Some of these fungal species are ingested by animals during grazing, and survive in their feces after passing through the digestive tract. To identify and isolate ovicidal fungi in the feces of wild captive animals, a total of 60 fecal samples were taken from different wild animals kept captive in the Marcelle Natureza Zoological Park (Lugo, Spain). After the serial culture of the feces onto Petri dishes with different media, their parasicitide activity was assayed against eggs of trematodes (Calicophoron daubneyi) and ascarids (Parascaris equorum). Seven fungal genera were identified in the feces. Isolates from Fusarium, Lecanicillium, Mucor, Trichoderma, and Verticillium showed an ovicidal effect classified as type 3, because of their ability to adhere to the eggshell, penetrate, and damage permanently the inner embryo. Penicillium and Gliocladium developed a type 1 effect (hyphae attach to the eggshell but morphological damage was not provoked). These results provide very interesting and useful information about fungi susceptible for being used in biological control procedures against parasitesThis research was partly supported by the Research Projects AGL2012-34355 and CTM2015-65954-R (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain; FEDER). María S. Arias is recipient of a “Parga Pondal” postdoctoral research fellowship (Xunta de Galicia, Spain)S

Mutations in LRRK2 impair NF-κB pathway in iPSC-derived neurons

Background: Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) contribute to both familial and idiopathic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Neuroinflammation is a key event in neurodegeneration and aging, and there is mounting evidence of LRRK2 involvement in inflammatory pathways. In a previous study, we described an alteration of the inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts from PD patients expressing the G2019S and R1441G mutations in LRRK2. Methods: Taking advantage of cellular reprogramming, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines and neurons thereafter, harboring LRRK2G2019S and LRRK2R1441G mutations. We used gene silencing and functional reporter assays to characterize the effect of the mutations. We examined the temporal profile of TNF alpha-induced changes in proteins of the NF-kappa B pathway and optimized western blot analysis to capture alpha-synuclein dynamics. The effects of the mutations and interventions were analyzed by two-way ANOVA tests with respect to corresponding controls. Results: LRRK2 silencing decreased alpha-synuclein protein levels in mutated neurons and modified NF-kappa B transcriptional targets, such as PTGS2 (COX-2) and TNFAIP3 (A20). We next tested whether NF-kappa B and alpha-synuclein pathways converged and found that TNF alpha modulated alpha-synuclein levels, although we could not detect an effect of LRRK2 mutations, partly because of the individual variability. Nevertheless, we confirmed NF-kappa B dysregulation in mutated neurons, as shown by a protracted recovery of I kappa B alpha and a clear impairment in p65 nuclear translocation in the LRRK2 mutants. Conclusions: Altogether, our results show that LRRK2 mutations affect alpha-synuclein regulation and impair NF-kappa B canonical signaling in iPSC-derived neurons. TNFa modulated alpha-synuclein proteostasis but was not modified by the LRRK2 mutations in this paradigm. These results strengthen the link between LRRK2 and the innate immunity system underscoring the involvement of inflammatory pathways in the neurodegenerative process in PDThis study is funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias PI15/00486, the European Commission FP7 Health -278871, and the Joint Program in Neurodegenerative Diseases AC 14/0041 (DAMNDPATHS) to RSP