Hayvan besleme ve yem endüstrisinde biyoteknolojiden yararlanma olanakları

In recent years, biotechnology has become one of the most important phenomenons that will affect the future of mankind. Biotechnology is the use of biological organism, systems and events at the production and service areas. The aim of biotechnology in animal nutrition, to improve feedstaff production and sources and to increase evaluation of feed at the animal digestive tract. In this study, the products which are obtained by biotechnological methods such as probiotics, enzymes, ionophores, protected proteins and aminoacids and hormones were investigated and publications about the use of the products at animal nutrition were reviewed. The probiotics have special role with respect to preventing undesired microorganisms. On the other hand, when they added to the feeds, their positive effects on the feed consumption, live weight, yield and animal health have been found. Enzymes are commonly used in monogastric animals and poultry compound feeds. Poultry feed predominantly is composed of plant material, mainly cereals and vegetable proteins which contain non starchVIII polysaccharides. These feeds can not be fully digested by poultry animals. Therefore, enzyme is added to improve the nutrient availability of the feed components. External enzymes either added to cattle diets to prevent endogenic enzymes in the digestive tract. Ionophores, are used commonly for improving the feed efficiency and weight gain in ruminant nutrition. Ionophores are used for prevent coccidiosis, also it improves feed consumption and weight gain in poultry. On the other hand the products such as hormones are commonly used as growth promoters in ruminant and poultry compound feeds. Keywords: Biotechnology, Probiotic, Ionophore, Protected Protein and Amino Acid, Enzym.Son yıllarda biyoteknoloji kısa sürede insanlığın geleceğini etkileyecek en önemli olgulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Biyoteknoloji, biyolojik organizmaların, sistemlerin veya olayların, üretim ve hizmet sahalarında kullanıma aktarılmasıdır. Hayvan beslemede biyoteknoloji çalışmalarının amacı; yem maddesi üretiminin ve yem değerinin artırılması, yeni yem kaynaklarının bulunması ve yemlerin hayvan organizmasında daha iyi değerlendirilmesidir. Bu tezde, hayvan beslemede kullanılan ve biyoteknolojik yöntemlerle elde edilen probiyotikler, enzimler, iyonoforlar, korunmuş protein ve aminoasitler ve hormonlar gibi ürünler ele alınmış ve bu ürünlerin hayvan beslemede kullanımı üzerine yapılan çalışmalar biraraya getirilmiştir. Probiyotikler, arzu edilmeyen mikroorganizmaların gelişmelerini engellemesi açısından önem taşır. Ayrıca yemlere ilave edildiğinde canlı ağırlık, yem tüketimi, çeşitli verimler ve sağlık üzerineVI olumlu itkileri görülmüştür. Enzimler, monogastrik ve kümes hayvanlarının karma yemlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kanatlı yemlerinin büyük çoğunluğunu oluşturan tahıllar ve bitkisel protein yemleri, içerdikleri nişasta tabiatında olmayan polisakkaritleri nedeniyle tam olarak sindirilemezler. Bu nedenle sindirimi artırmak amacıyla yemlere enzim ilavesi yapılmaktadır. Ruminant rasyonlarma enzim ilavesi ise daha çok sindirim sisteminde mevcut enzimlerin güvence altına alınmasına yönelik olmaktadır. İyonoforlar, ruminant beslenmesinde canlı ağırlık artışı ve yemden yararlanmayı iyileştirmek amacıyla yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. İyonoforlar kanatlılarda koksidiyozu önlemek amacıyla kullanılmakta, canlı ağırlık artışı ve yemden yararlanmayı iyileştirmektedir. Diğer yandan, biyoteknolojik yöntemlerle elde edilen hormonlar, gelişmeyi teşvik edici madde olarak ruminantlann ve kümes hayvanlarının karma yemlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır

Gender-related clinical and management differences in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Aim Gender-related differences have been described in the clinical characteristics and management of patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, published data are conflictive in this regard

Gender-related clinical and management differences in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Aim Gender-related differences have been described in the clinical characteristics and management of patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, published data are conflictive in this regard

Gender-related clinical and management differences in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

WOS: 000588830800001PubMed: 33063424Aim Gender-related differences have been described in the clinical characteristics and management of patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, published data are conflictive in this regard. Methods We investigated differences in clinical and management variables between male and female patients from the ATA study, a prospective, multicentre, observational study that included 1462 outpatients with chronic HFrEF between January and June 2019. Results Study population was predominantly male (70.1%). in comparison to men, women with chronic HFrEF were older (66 +/- 11 years vs 69 +/- 12 years, P < .001), suffered more hospitalisations and presented more frequently with NYHA class III or IV symptoms. Ischaemic heart disease was more frequent in men, whereas anaemia, thyroid disease and depression were more frequent in women. No difference was seen between genders in the use rate of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, or ivabradine, or in the proportion of patients achieving target doses of these drugs. Regarding device therapies, men were more often treated with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and women received more cardiac resynchronisation therapy. Conclusion in summary, although management seemed to be equivalent between genders, women tended to present with more symptoms, require hospitalisation more frequently and have different comorbidities than men. These results highlight the importance of gender-related differences in HFrEF and call for further research to clarify the causes of these disparities. Gender-specific recommendations should be included in future guidelines in HFrEF

Adherence to guideline-directed medical and device Therapy in outpAtients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: The ATA study

Objective: Despite recommendations from heart failure guidelines on the use of pharmacologic and device therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), important inconsistencies in guideline adherence persist in practice. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to guideline-directed medical and device therapy for the treatment of patients with chronic HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ?40%). Methods: The Adherence to guideline-directed medical and device Therapy in outpAtients with HFrEF (ATA) study is a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted in 24 centers from January 2019 to June 2019. Results: The study included 1462 outpatients (male: 70.1%, mean age: 67±11 years, mean LVEF: 30%±6%) with chronic HFrEF. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and ivabradin were used in 78.2%, 90.2%, 55.4%, and 12.1% of patients, respectively. The proportion of patients receiving target doses of medical treatments was 24.6% for RAS inhibitors, 9.9% for beta-blockers, and 10.5% for MRAs. Among patients who met the criteria for implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), only 16.9% of patients received an ICD (167 of 983) and 34% (95 of 279) of patients underwent CRT (95 of 279). Conclusion: The ATA study shows that most HFrEF outpatients receive RAS inhibitors and beta-blockers but not MRAs or ivabradin when the medical reasons for nonuse, such as drug intolerance or contraindications, are taken into account. In addition, most eligible patients with HFrEF do not receive target doses of pharmacological treatments or guideline-recommended device therapy. (Anatol J Cardiol 2020; 24: 32-40) Keywords: adherence, chronic heart failure, device therapy, guidelines, pharmacological treatment, outpatient

Adherence to guideline-directed medical and device Therapy in outpAtients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: The ATA study

Objective: Despite recommendations from heart failure guidelines on the use of pharmacologic and device therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), important inconsistencies in guideline adherence persist in practice. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to guideline-directed medical and device therapy for the treatment of patients with chronic HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction <= 40%)

Adherence to guideline-directed medical and device Therapy in outpAtients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the ATA study

Objective: Despite recommendations from heart failure guidelines on the use of pharmacologic and device therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), important inconsistencies in guideline adherence persist in practice. The aim of this study was to assess ad-herence to guideline-directed medical and device therapy for the treatment of patients with chronic HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ?40%).Methods: The Adherence to guideline-directed medical and device Therapy in outpAtients with HFrEF (ATA) study is a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted in 24 centers from January 2019 to June 2019.Results: The study included 1462 outpatients (male: 70.1%, mean age: 67±11 years, mean LVEF: 30%±6%) with chronic HFrEF. Renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and ivabradin were used in 78.2%, 90.2%, 55.4%, and 12.1% of patients, respectively. The proportion of patients receiving target doses of medical treatments was 24.6% for RAS inhibitors, 9.9% for beta-blockers, and 10.5% for MRAs. Among patients who met the criteria for implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchro-nization therapy (CRT), only 16.9% of patients received an ICD (167 of 983) and 34% (95 of 279) of patients underwent CRT (95 of 279).Conclusion: The ATA study shows that most HFrEF outpatients receive RAS inhibitors and beta-blockers but not MRAs or ivabradin when the medical reasons for nonuse, such as drug intolerance or contraindications, are taken into account. In addition, most eligible patients with HFrEF do not receive target doses of pharmacological treatments or guideline-recommended device therapy. (Anatol J Cardiol 2020; 24: 32-40

Early neonatal outcomes of very-low-birth-weight infants in Turkey: A prospective multicenter study of the Turkish Neonatal Society

Beken, Serdar/0000-0002-8609-2684; BAS, AHMET YAGMUR/0000-0002-1329-2167; Bulbul, Ali/0000-0002-3510-3056; Karatekin, Guner/0000-0001-7112-0323WOS: 000534242500056PubMed: 31851725Objective To investigate the early neonatal outcomes of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants discharged home from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Turkey. Material and methods A prospective cohort study was performed between April 1, 2016 and April 30, 2017. the study included VLBW infants admitted to level III NICUs. Perinatal and neonatal data of all infants born with a birth weight of.1500 g were collected for infants who survived. Results Data from 69 NICUs were obtained. the mean birth weight and gestational age were 1137 +/- 245 g and 29 +/- 2.4 weeks, respectively. During the study period, 78% of VLBW infants survived to discharge and 48% of survived infants had no major neonatal morbidity. VLBW infants who survived were evaluated in terms of major morbidities: bronchopulmonary dysplasia was detected in 23.7% of infants, necrotizing enterocolitis in 9.1%, blood culture proven late-onset sepsis (LOS) in 21.1%, blood culture negative LOS in 21.3%, severe intraventricular hemorrhage in 5.4% and severe retinopathy of prematurity in 11.1%. Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus was diagnosed in 24.8% of infants. Antenatal steroids were administered to 42.9% of mothers. Conclusion the present investigation is the first multicenter study to include epidemiological information on VLBW infants in Turkey. Morbidity rate in VLBW infants is a serious concern and higher than those in developed countries. Implementation of oxygen therapy with appropriate monitoring, better antenatal and neonatal care and control of sepsis may reduce the prevalence of neonatal morbidities. Therefore, monitoring standards of neonatal care and implementing quality improvement projects across the country are essential for improving neonatal outcomes in Turkish NICUs.Turkish Neonatal Society [2-2016]; Turkish Neonatal SocietyThis study was supported by the Turkish Neonatal Society, http://www.neonatology.org.tr, number 2-2016, received by AYB. Turkish Neonatal Society funded the study's online registry system. the funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript