Reception Test of Petals for the End Cap TEC+ of the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker

The silicon strip tracker of the CMS experiment has been completed and was inserted into the CMS detector in late 2007. The largest sub system of the tracker are its end caps, comprising two large end caps (TEC) each containing 3200 silicon strip modules. To ease construction, the end caps feature a modular design: groups of about 20 silicon modules are placed on sub-assemblies called petals and these self-contained elements are then mounted onto the TEC support structures. Each end cap consists of 144 such petals, which were built and fully qualified by several institutes across Europe. Fro

Integration of the End Cap TEC+ of the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker

The silicon strip tracker of the CMS experiment has been completed and inserted into the CMS detector in late 2007. The largest sub-system of the tracker is its end cap system, comprising two large end caps (TEC) each containing 3200 silicon strip modules. To ease construction, the end caps feature a modular design: groups of about 20 silicon modules are placed on sub-assemblies called petals and these self-contained elements are then mounted into the TEC support structures. Each end cap consists of 144 petals, and the insertion of these petals into the end cap structure is referred to as TEC integration. The two end caps were integrated independently in Aachen (TEC+) and at CERN (TEC--). This note deals with the integration of TEC+, describing procedures for end cap integration and for quality control during testing of integrated sections of the end cap and presenting results from the testing

Sex- and age-related differences in the management and outcomes of chronic heart failure: an analysis of patients from the ESC HFA EORP Heart Failure Long-Term Registry

Aims: This study aimed to assess age- and sex-related differences in management and 1-year risk for all-cause mortality and hospitalization in chronic heart failure (HF) patients. Methods and results: Of 16 354 patients included in the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry, 9428 chronic HF patients were analysed [median age: 66 years; 28.5% women; mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 37%]. Rates of use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) were high (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: 85.7%, 88.7% and 58.8%, respectively). Crude GDMT utilization rates were lower in women than in men (all differences: P\ua0 64 0.001), and GDMT use became lower with ageing in both sexes, at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Sex was not an independent predictor of GDMT prescription; however, age >75 years was a significant predictor of GDMT underutilization. Rates of all-cause mortality were lower in women than in men (7.1% vs. 8.7%; P\ua0=\ua00.015), as were rates of all-cause hospitalization (21.9% vs. 27.3%; P\ua075 years. Conclusions: There was a decline in GDMT use with advanced age in both sexes. Sex was not an independent predictor of GDMT or adverse outcomes. However, age >75 years independently predicted lower GDMT use and higher all-cause mortality in patients with LVEF 6445%

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

The PM2.5 Fine Particle Background Network of the German Meteorological Service-First Results

Since 2009, the measurement of the background concentration of the fine particle fraction has been a part of the climate-monitoring program of the German Meteorological Service (DWD). These particles are of high health relevance as a critical air pollutant affecting processes like the scattering and absorption of solar radiation and influencing cloud formation and visibility. At 12 weather stations, the coarse (2.5 to 10 l m) and the fine particle fractions (PM2.5) are measured by means of passive and active samplers. First results are presented for the mass concentrations of coarse and fine particles as well as for the black carbon (BC) content and the concentration of certain inorganic ions of fine particles. There is not only a seasonal correlation between the fraction of fine and coarse particles, but also a correlation with the location (urban background or rural background). With the help of light microscopy, coarse particles can be differentiated for a geogenic (predominantly wind blown mineral and sea salt particles of natural origin and road abrasion) and for an anthropogenic opaque component (combustion residues, e.g. fly ash and non-exhaust vehicle emissions, e.g. abrasion particles of brakes and tires). Measuring the fine fraction and the coarse fraction separately instead of PM10 allows for a better source allocation and thus is a more appropriate method for the improvement of the air quality in, e.g. low emission zones

Development of meteorological parameters and total ozone during the total solar eclipse of August 11, 1999

During the total eclipse of August 11, 1999 frequent showers occurred due to a unstable stratification of the air mass. At different observation sites, meteorological effects from the eclipse (99.4% coverage at Hohenpeißenberg) and from showers were superimposed making it partly difficult to unambiguously interpret the observations. The weather radar at Hohenpeißenberg observatory provided a general overview of the distribution of clouds and precipitation in this area (200 km diameter). From the Garching site in the zone of totality (100%) temperature and wind data taken on a 50 m mast were evaluated. By selecting periods with relatively low cloud cover it was possible to approximately follow the development of the vertical temperature and wind profiles during the eclipse. The minimum temperature at Hohenpeißenberg (about 450 m above the altitude of Garching) during the eclipse was comparable to that during the previous night, the corresponding value measured at Garching remained about 2 K above the minimum observed during clear sky conditions in the previous night. Showers before, during or after the eclipse may have induced vertical exchange of air parcels. Temperatures during a shower change towards the same direction at all altitudes, thus no inversion forms. Additionally, air parcels with relatively lower concentrations of trace constituents were transported down from aloft for time periods of 1015 minutes. These mixing processes significantly determined the temporal variations of various trace substances measured during the eclipse. Total ozone measurements at Hohenpeißenberg were performed with both DOBSON and BREWER spectrophotometers and at another site within the zone of totality by using a portable Microtops II filter instrument. Different results were obtained for both sites. These differences can be to a large extend, but not exclusively, attributed to eclipse induced shifts (limb darkening and straylight effects in the atmosphere) in the wavelength pairs used to calculate total ozone. However, there also appeared to be real fluctuations in total ozone during the reemerging phase of the sun which may be related to eclipse induced gravity waves

Boundary layer photochemistry during a total solar eclipse

Simultaneous measurements of radiation, photolysis frequencies, O3, CO, OH, PAN and NOx species were carried out in the boundary layer, along with pertinent meteorological parameters, under total solar eclipse conditions. This experiment performed at about 34 solar zenith angle and noontime conditions thus provided a case study about the interactions between radiation and photochemistry under fast ''day-night'' and ''night-day'' transitions, at high solar elevation. The results reveal a close correlation of photolysis frequencies jO(1D) and jNO2with the UV radiation flux. All three parameters show, due to the decreasing fraction of direct radiation at shorter wavelengths, much weaker cloud shading effects than global solar radiation. NO and OH concentrations decrease to essentially zero during totality. Subsequently, NO and OH concentrations increased almost symmetrically to their decrease preceding totality. The NO/NO2 ratio was proportional to jNO2over 30 min before and after totality indicating that the partitioning of NOx species is determined by jNO2. Simple box model simulations show the effect of reduced solar radiation on the photochemical production of O3 and PAN. WÄhrend der totalen Sonnenfinsternis am 11. August 1999 wurden simultane und kontinuierliche Messungen von O3, CO, OH, PAN and NOx, Strahlung, Photolysefrequenzen und relevanten meteorologischen Parametern durchgefÜhrt. Dieses Experiment, durchgefÜhrt etwa am Mittag, bei 34 Zenithwinkel der Sonne, ermöglichte die Untersuchung der Interaktion von Strahlung und Photochemie fÜr schnelle Tag-Nacht und Nacht-Tag-ÜbergÄnge bei hohem Sonnenstand. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine enge Korrelation der Photolysefrequenzen jO(1D) und jNO2 mit dem UV-Strahlungsfluss. Alle drei Parameter zeigen, wegen des abnehmenden Anteils direkter Sonnenstrahlung bei kurzen WellenlÄngen, erheblich geringere AbschwÄchung durch Wolken als die Globalstrahlung. NO und OH gehen wÄhrend der Verdunkelungsphase auf Null herunter. Danach steigen NO und OH nahezu symmetrisch zum vorherigen Abfall wieder an. Das NO/NO2-VerhÄltnis war 30 min vor bis 30 min nach der TotalitÄt proportional zu jNO2 und zeigte damit, dass die Partitionierung von NOx durch jNO2 bestimmt wurde. Mit einem einfachen Boxmodell wurde der Effekt der reduzierten Sonnenstrahlung auf die photochemische Produktion von O3 und PAN berechnet