Quark transverse charge densities in the Δ(1232)\Delta(1232) from lattice QCD

We extend the formalism relating electromagnetic form factors to transverse quark charge densities in the light-front frame to the case of a spin-3/2 baryon and calculate these transverse densities for the $\Delta(1232)$ isobar using lattice QCD. The transverse charge densities for a transversely polarized spin-3/2 particle are characterized by monopole, dipole, quadrupole, and octupole patterns representing the structure beyond that of a pure point-like spin-3/2 particle. We present lattice QCD results for the $\Delta$-isobar electromagnetic form factors for pion masses down to approximatively 350 MeV for three cases: quenched QCD, two-degenerate flavors of dynamical Wilson quarks, and three flavors of quarks using a mixed action that combines domain wall valence quarks and dynamical staggered sea quarks. We extract transverse quark charge densities from these lattice results and find that the $\Delta$ is prolately deformed, as indicated by the fact that the quadrupole moment $G_{E2}(0$) is larger than the value -3 characterizing a point particle and the fact that the transverse charge density in a $\Delta^+$ of maximal transverse spin projection is elongated along the axis of the spin.Comment: 35 pages, 10 figure

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Level-set based algorithm for automatic feature extraction on 3D meshes: Application to crater detection on Mars

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