GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED CONVERSION RATIO (FCR) OF HYBRID FINGERLINGS (CATLA CATLA X LABEO ROHITA) FED ON COTTONSEED MEAL, SUNFLOWER MEAL AND BONE MEAL

An experiment was conducted in six glass aquaria to study the growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of hybrid fingerlings (Catla catla x Labeo rohita) fed on sunflower meal, cottonseed meal and bone meal. Two replicates for each ingredient were followed. The feed was supplied at the rate of 4% of wet body weight of fingerlings twice a day. The hybrid (Catla catla x Labeo rohita) fingerlings gained highest body weight (1.62 ± 0.0 g) on sunflower meal, followed by cottonseed meal (1.61 ± 0.01 g) and bone meal (1.52 ± 0.0 g). The total length obtained by hybrid fish was 6.35 ± 0.05 cm on sunflower meal, 6.12 ± 0.05 cm on cottonseed meal and 5.85 ± 0.05 cm on bone meal. The overall mean values of FCR were lower (better) on sunflower meal (1.78 ± 0.05), followed by cottonseed meal (2.17 ± 0.01) and bone meal (2.46 ± 0.01). Thus, The sunflower meal and cottonseed meal, on the basis of growth performance and better FCR, can be included in the feed formulation for hybrid fingerlings

Hybridization and its application in aquaculture

Inter‐specific hybrids are usually formed by mating two different species in the same genus. They have been produced to increase growth rate, improve production performance, transfer desirable traits, reduce unwanted reproduction, combine other valuable traits such as good flesh quality, disease resistance and increase environmental tolerances, better feed conversion, and increase harvesting rate in culture systems. Hybrids play a significant role in helping to increase aquaculture production of several species of freshwater and marine fishes – for example, hybrid catfish in Thailand, hybrid striped bass in the USA, hybrid tilapia in Israel, and hybrid characids in Venezuela. As the domestication of fish species increases, the possibilities to increase production through appropriate hybridization techniques are ongoing, with a view to produce new hybrid fishes, especially in culture systems where sterile fish may be preferred because of the concern that fish may escape into the open freshwater, marine and coastal environment. Intentional or accidental hybridization can lead to unexpected results in hybrid progeny, such as reduced viability and growth performances, loss of color pattern and flesh quality, and it also raises risks for maintenance of genetic integrity. Appropriate knowledge on the genetic constitution of the brood stock, proper brood stock management, and monitoring of the viability and fertility of the progeny of brood fishes, is thus very crucial before initiating hybridization experiments. In addition, some non‐generic factors, such as weather conditions, culture systems, seasons, and stresses associated with selecting, collecting, handling, breeding and rearing of brood stock and progeny, may influence hybridization success in a wide variety of freshwater and marine fin fishes to a greater extent

Aggression, Body Esteem and Self-Esteem among College Students: Exploring the Influence of Gender

OBJECTIVES: Finding out the role of gender in aggression, self-esteem, and body esteem was the purpose of this study. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional research design was used. Different universities in Peshawar were visited, and 300 students were selected as a sample (N=300), which consisted of both boys (N=150) and girls (N=150) from the age-group 17-22 years. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data, and the measuring tools used were Rosenberg Self-Esteem, Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Body-Esteem Questionnaire. RESULTS: Although the research didn’t prove any difference in gender roles regarding self-esteem, it was revealed that boys are more aggressive as compared to girls. Furthermore, a correlation between self-esteem, body-esteem, and aggression was reported. CONCLUSION: The study gave the conclusion that gender has a role in levels of aggression found in students; however, both boys and girls are equally affected regarding self-esteem and body-esteem. &nbsp

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FEED CONVERSION RATIO (FCR) IN HYBRID FISH (CATLA CATLA X LABEO ROHITA) FED ON WHEAT BRAN, RICE BROKEN AND BLOOD MEAL

Growth performance and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of wheat bran, rice broken and blood meal were evaluated in hybrid fish Catla catla x Labeo rohita. Two replicates for each treatment (ingredient) were followed. The feed was supplied at the rate of 4% of wet body weight of fish fingerlings twice a day. The fish gained higher body weight (1.60 ± 0.14g) on wheat bran, followed by rice broken (1.51 ± 0.07g) and blood meal (1.24 ± 0.09g). The body weight of fish on wheat bran and rice broken was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those fed blood meal, while the difference between the former two groups was non significant. The total length obtained by the fish averaged 5.06 ± 0.03, 5.05 ± 0.09 and 4.96 ± 0.32 cm on wheat bran, rice broken and blood meal, respectively, the difference being non significant. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was highest (poorest) on blood meal (1.68 ± 0.96), followed by that of rice broken (1.64 ± 0.64) and wheat bran (1.59 ± 0.71). The FCR value for wheat bran was significantly better than that for rice broken and blood meal. It was concluded that efficacy of wheat bran was better for the growth of hybrid fish and this supported the inclusion of this ingredient in the diet of hybrids