Current State of Pasture Vegetation of the Arid Zone (On the Example of Key Rural Municipalities of the Republic of Kalmykia)

The article presents the results of field observations over 2012–2018 carried out by the Department of Environmental Research of the Institute for Complex Studies of Arid Territories. The work includes materials on the climatic review and the original results of geobotanical investigation of 5 farms in rural municipalities of the Republic of Kalmykia (RK) over the period of the study. We used materials of a large geobotanical survey of YUZHNIIGIPROZEM Company (1991–1995) and materials of earth remote sensing (by Landsat satellite). According to the studies, the period from 2012 to 2018 demonstrates a general trend of climate warming throughout the territory of Kalmykia accompanied by a decrease in precipitation and an increase in extreme droughts in the summer. Geoecological monitoring of pastures at five key sites of the RK revealed that in the dry steppe zone (Manych municipality) and in the semi-desert zone (Khanatinsky municipality), deterioration of pastures is observed; in the desert zone (Adykovskoye municipality), significant degradation processes were identified associated with strong anthropogenic impact and fires, manifested in the loss of valuable food crops (wormwood) and increased influence of cereal crops. Floristic and phytocenotic analyzes revealed an increase in the number of plant species in the weed and ruderal groups

Results of animal studies suggest a nonlinear dose-response relationship for benzene effects.

Considering the very large industrial usage of benzene, studies in risk assessment aimed at the evaluation of carcinogenic risk at low levels of exposure are important. Animal data can offer indications about what could happen in humans and provide more diverse information than epidemiological data with respect to dose-response consideration. We have considered experiments investigating metabolism, short-term genotoxicity tests, DNA adduct formation, and carcinogenicity long-term tests. According to the different experiments, a saturation of benzene metabolism and benzene effects in terms of genotoxicity seems evident above 30 to 100 ppm. Below 30 to 60 ppm the initiating effect of benzene seems to be linear for a large interval of dosages, at least judging from DNA adduct formation. Potential lack of a promoting effect of benzene (below 10 ppm) could generate a sublinear response at nontoxic levels of exposure. This possibility was suggested by epidemiological data in humans and is not confirmed or excluded by our observations with animals

Magnetic nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

Background Nanoparticle‐based magnetic contrast agents have opened the potential for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to be used for early non‐invasive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Current methods for clinical diagnosis in the early stages of the disease, such as Positron Emission Tomography imaging of amyloid build‐up, are limited by their availability and cost. The aim of this research is to develop a novel non‐toxic amyloid targeted nanoparticle which can successfully permeate the blood brain barrier and bind amyloid plaques resulting in enhanced contrast in the MR image and improved diagnostic sensitivity. Methods Targeted iron nanoparticles were assessed using a U‐251 cell line to determine their in vitro toxicity. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the movement of the nanoparticles within the cell and in vitro binding to amyloid fibrils. APPSwe/PSEN1 mice were treated with increasing doses of targeted and non‐targeted nanoparticles to evaluate acute in vivo toxicity, in addition to nanoparticle biodistribution and MRI contrast enhancement. Results The novel targeted nanoparticles have demonstrated no significant in vitro toxicity and electron microscopy results show their movement through the endocytic cycle within the cell, demonstrating an effective degradation and clearance pathway (Figure). No acute toxicity was observed in the animal model. In addition, immunohistochemistry demonstrated nanoparticles to co‐localise with plaques on ex vivo brain sections. Conclusion The present work shows promising preliminary results in the development of a targeted non‐invasive method of early AD diagnosis using contrast enhanced MRI

Operating System Influence on VLSI Radiation Resistance

The article presents a comparative analysis of radiation resistance levels of complex-functional VLSI when using an operating system (OS) for software development in comparison with the traditional approach based on a superloop. The applied OSs and objects of the research are presented. The features of the program code for functional control tests when using and not using OS are described. Algorithms of conducting experiments in the studies of absorbed dose affects and dose rate effects are presented. Comparisons were made of radiation resistance levels to total ionizing dose (TID) effects and dose rate effects in the presence and in the absence of OS. The obtained results of studies on TID effects demonstrate that the presence of OS can change the radiation resistance level up to ~30% both up and down compared to the traditional case in the absence of OS. Based on the results of dose rate effects studies, it was concluded that the use of OS can reduce the level of fault-tolerant operation by 43% compared to the case in the absence of OS. The results also show that the type of OS also affects the fault-tolerant operation level. Possible explanations of difference in radiation resistance levels are proposed. Directions for futher research are outlined

Можливості карбокситерапії при захворюваннях органів сечостатевої системи

Recently carboxytherapy has been widely used for the treatment of many diseases, and it is associated with the high efficiency and low cost. Carboxytherapy as the method of treatment has been used for 70 years in the international medical practice and more than 50 years in aesthetic medicine. Aim. To substantiate the use of carboxytherapy as an innovative method of treatment for diseases of the urogenital system organs.Materials and methods. The analysis of scientific sources concerning the treatment of sexual dysfunction, erosion of the cervix, menopause, vulvovaginal atrophy, initial stages of the stress urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, and impotence was performed.Results. It has been determined that various variants of carboxytherapy can be used to obtain the antihypoxic, reparative-regenerative, spasmolitic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant effects in clinical practice as a result of the treatment. Patients with different pathologies of the urogenital system noted improvement in functioning of urogenital organs, release of pain, decrease in inflammation, mood stability, and good mental and physical performance. Therefore, the quality of life has been improved.Conclusions. Thus, CO2 can be considered as a unique medicinal product, and carboxytherapy as an alternative treatment for many diseases. В последнее время карбокситерапия широко применяется для лечения многих заболеваний, что связано с высокоэффективностью и дешевизной данного метода. Карбокситерапия как метод лечения используется на протяжении 70 лет в мировой медицинской практике и более 50 лет в эстетической медицине.Цель работы. Обоснование применения инновационного метода лечения – карбокситерапии при заболеваниях органов мочеполовой системы.Материалы и методы. Анализ литературы проводили путем обработки научных статей относительно лечения сексуальной дисфункции, эрозии шейки матки, климакса, вульвовагинальной атрофии, начальных стадий стрессового недержания мочи, эректильной дисфункции, импотенции.Результаты. Установлено, что в клинической практике используются различные варианты карбокситерапии для получения антигипоксического, репаративно-регенеративного, спазмолитического, противовоспалительного, анальгезирующего и антиоксидантного эффектов. В результате лечения пациенты с различными патологиями органов мочеполовой системы отмечали улучшение самочувствия, улучшение функционирования этих органов, устранение боли, воспаления, повышение настроения, умственной и физической работоспособности, а следовательно и качества жизни.Выводы. Таким образом, можно считать СО2 уникальным лекарственным средством, а карбокситерапию альтернативным методом лечения при многих заболеваниях.Останнім часом карбокситерапія широко застосовується для лікування багатьох захворювань, що пов’язано з високоефективністю і дешевизною даного методу. Карбокситерапія як альтернативний метод лікування використовується впродовж 70 років у світовій медичній практиці і більше 50 років в естетичній медицині. Мета роботи. Обґрунтування застосування інноваційного методу лікування – карбокситерапії при захворюваннях органів сечостатевої системи.Матеріали та методи. Аналіз літератури проводили шляхом опрацювання наукових статей щодо лікування сексуальної дисфункції, ерозії шийки матки, клімаксу, вульвовагінальної атрофії, початкових стадій стресового нетримання сечі, еректильної дисфункції, імпотенції.Результати. Встановлено, що в клінічній практиці використовуються різні варіанти карбокситерапії для отримання антигіпоксичного, репаративно-регенеративного, спазмолітичного, протизапального, аналгезуючого та антиоксидантного ефектів. У результаті пацієнти з різними патологіями органів сечостатевої системи відзначають поліпшення самопочуття, покращення функціонування цих органів, усунення болю, запалення, підвищення настрою, розумової і фізичної працездатності, а в цілому і якості життя.Висновки. Таким чином, можна вважати СО2 унікальним лікарським засобом, а карбокситерапію альтернативним методом лікування при багатьох захворюваннях.

DYNAMICS OF THE VITALITY OF CENOPOPULATIONS OF HOLOSTEUM GLUTINOSUM (M. BIEB.) FISCH. & C.A. MEY. (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) IN THE ECOTONE SYSTEM “WATER-LAND” OF THE COAST OF THE CHOGRAI RESERVOIR

Background. The assessment of the structure of cenopopulations of early spring juveniles can be used during the organization of biological monitoring at the population level. Such information is also applicable in assessing the situation in coastal ecosystems, for forecasting and reducing the risk of their violations. Purpose. Analysis of the viability of Holosteum glutinosum cenopopulations to characterize their stability in plant communities of the “water-land” ecotone system of the coast of the Chograi reservoir. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the growing seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2021 in five coenopopulations of H. glutinosum growing in plant communities located in the structural blocks of the ecotone. The vital spectrum of populations was obtained by the method of Yu.A. Zlobin [3, 10, 18], the vital type - using the Q criterion [3], the vitality of populations – based on the analysis of the vital index IVC [3], the degree of prosperity or depression of populations - the IQ index [4]. Results. During the four-year study period, in 5 populations of H. glutinosum, regardless of their localization in the ecotone, the value of the Q index exceeds the frequency of individuals of the lowest class of vitality, therefore they are classified as the “thriving” vital type. The value of the vitality indices for the entire period of the study is greatest in the cenopopulation No. 1, located in the fluctuation block. The first peak of the increase in vitality occurred at coenopopulation No. 1 in the fluctuation, the second – at coenopopulation No. 4 in the marginal ecotone blocks. Conclusion. The coenopopulations of H. glutinosum in the ecotone had a vital type of “thriving”. Analysis of the dynamics of vitality in the coenopopulations of H. glutinosum revealed that the conditions prevailing in the communities of fluctuation and marginal ecotone blocks provide the greatest vitality of populations No. 1 and No. 4

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE SPECIFICITY OF IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VARIOUS OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

Experimental models of anthracosilicosis (AS) and fluoride intoxication. (FI) show that the inhalation of coal and. rock dust (CRD) results in an early anti-inflammatory cytokine response (IL-4, IL-10) and. activation of humoral immunity on the background of lower level of proinflammatory cytokines. Later stages of the CRD activity are characterized by inflammation and. immunodeficiency. FI start is accompanied, by an increase of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α). Anti-inflammatory protection is seen on the later stages (IL-10), immunoglobulin levels did. not change during 6 weeks of FI. Recommendations for the prevention of the anthracosilicosis and. fluoride intoxication given

Stress plays provoking role in hypertension-related stroke: Injuries of blood-brain barrier function

Chronic hypertension itself does not cause stroke but significantly decreases the resistant to stroke induced by stress due to exhausting of adaptive capacity of cerebral endothelium and decrease resistance of blood-brain barrier to stress

Isolation of Central Asian Subspecies of Tularemia Agent in the Altai Territory

Within the frames of activities attributed to the Reference Center for tularemia monitoring at SRC AMB, genetically identified are 4 isolates of Francisella tularensis , isolated in 2011 in the Altai Territory. These bacteria prove to be virulent for BALB/c mice, DCL being lower than 10 CFU. Using single-primer PCR-typing and MLVA assay distinguished have been the subspecies of the isolates. Three of them refer to the Central Asian subspecies, one – to the Holarctic, the former being isolated in the territory of the Russian Federation for the first time ever

The laser technologies of targeted opening of blood-brain barrier for drug brain delivery

Here we show the photodynamic treatmen