14 research outputs found

    Ancient and modern DNA reveal dynamics of domestication and cross-continental dispersal of the dromedary

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    Dromedaries have been fundamental to the development of human societies in arid landscapes and for long-distance trade across hostile hot terrains for 3,000 y. Today they continue to be an important livestock resource in marginal agro-ecological zones. However, the history of dromedary domestication and the influence of ancient trading networks on their genetic structure have remained elusive. We combined ancient DNA sequences of wild and early-domesticated dromedary samples from arid regions with nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial genotype information from 1,083 extant animals collected across the species’ range. We observe little phylogeographic signal in the modern population, indicative of extensive gene flow and virtually affecting all regions except East Africa, where dromedary populations have remained relatively isolated. In agreement with archaeological findings, we identify wild dromedaries from the southeast Arabian Peninsula among the founders of the domestic dromedary gene pool. Approximate Bayesian computations further support the “restocking from the wild” hypothesis, with an initial domestication followed by introgression from individuals from wild, now-extinct populations. Compared with other livestock, which show a long history of gene flow with their wild ancestors, we find a high initial diversity relative to the native distribution of the wild ancestor on the Arabian Peninsula and to the brief coexistence of early-domesticated and wild individuals. This study also demonstrates the potential to retrieve ancient DNA sequences from osseous remains excavated in hot and dry desert environments

    Die neolithischen Ufersiedlungen von Twann. Band 18: Die Feuersteinartefakte der Cortaillod-Schichten

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    Die durch die Projektierung der Nationalstrasse N5 ausgelöste Grossgrabung der jungsteinzeitlichen Siedlung von Twann fand zwischen 1974 und 1976 statt. Der vorliegende Band 18 der 20-teiligen Reihe umfasst die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen der 2516 cortaillodzeitlichen Feuersteinartefakte. Anhand der Gruppierung des umfangreichen Fundbestandes nach Herstellungstechniken und Rohmaterial wird eine umfassende Chronotypologie vorgelegt

    Forschungsprobleme der ArchÀozoologie auf der Iberischen Halbinsel

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    Fish exploitation at Bronze Age harbour sites in the Arabian Gulf area

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    Some 60 000 finds offish bones from Bronze-Age harbour sites on the Arabian shores of the Irano-Arabian Gulf were evaluated with regard to their contribution to the understanding of the role of fisheries within the subsistence activities of the inhabitants. Fishing grounds and potential technologies - as reflected in the spectra offish species - were analysed. Both coastal and open waters were exploited at all sites, the catches usually reflecting an opportunistic approach rather than selective fishing techniques. At the evaluated sites neither tunas at the upper end of the size spectrum nor sardines or other small fish were of any economic importance. On the whole the contribution offish to human nutrition at all sites was very important, although detailed quantifications are impossible due to differential taphonomic loss offish bones versus the remains of other leftovers of Bronze-Age food.Environ 60 000 fragments d'ossements de poissons ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s, provenant de gisements de l'Ăąge du Bronze localisĂ©s sur la cĂŽte arabe du golfe Arabo-Persique afin d'apprĂ©cier le rĂŽle de la pĂȘche dans les activitĂ©s liĂ©es Ă  la subsistance des habitants. L 'Ă©tude des milieux marins exploitĂ©s et des techniques de capture s 'est faite Ă  partir de l'analyse des spectres des espĂšces de poissons retrouvĂ©s. Dans tous les sites, les zones littorales et les zones pĂ©lagiques ont Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ©es. Les captures tĂ©moignent plutĂŽt d'une approche opportuniste que d'une technique de pĂȘche sĂ©lective. Les sites passĂ©s en revue montrent que ni les thons Ă  l'extrĂ©mitĂ© supĂ©rieure du spectre, ni les sardines ou autres petits poissons n 'ont jouĂ© un rĂŽle Ă©conomique important. Toutefois, la contribution de la pĂȘche pour la nutrition humaine Ă©tait partout trĂšs importante. Il reste malheureusement impossible de quantifier cette importance par rapport aux autres restes alimentaires de l 'Ăąge du Bronze car des facteurs taphonomiques diffĂ©rentiels ont affectĂ© ceux-ci.Uerpmann Margarethe, Uerpmann Hans-Peter. Fish exploitation at Bronze Age harbour sites in the Arabian Gulf area. In: PalĂ©orient, 2005, vol. 31, n°1. Anciennes exploitations des mers et des cours d'eau en Asie du Sud-Ouest. Approches environnementales. pp. 108-115

    Forschungsprobleme der ArchÀozoologie auf der Iberischen Halbinsel

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    Animal economy during the Early Bronze Age in South-East Arabia

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    Animal remains from four Early Bronze Age sites in the UAE and Oman (Hili 8, Tell Abraq, Umm an-Nar and Maysar) are analysed with regard to the animal component of the economies represented. Archaeozoological information from sites at Ra’s al-Jinz and Ra’s al-Hadd (Oman) is used for comparison. The latter sites as well as Umm an-Nar are characterized by a very low contribution of domestic fauna to their subsistence economies. More than 90% (by bone weight) of the analysed faunal remains from these sites derive from marine animals (mostly dugong at Umm an-Nar and turtle at Ra’s al-Jinz). Tell Abraq is intermediate with a contribution of ca 50% from the domesticates, while at the inland sites (Hili 8 and Maysar) domestic fauna provided over 90% of the analysed finds. The wild fauna at all sites corresponds well to the respective environments. The domestic fauna is dominated by cattle at the sites in UAE, while in Oman, sheep and goats were more important. Among these, goat is better represented at all sites. Ass remains are present at all sites with the exception of Umm an-Nar. Most likely they represent domestic donkeys. Dromedary remains are frequent at Umm an-Nar, but are rare or absent at the other sites. There are no indications for domestication of this animal during the Early Bronze Age. Cattle seem to have been used as draught animals in agricultural communities (Hili 8), but potentially also for overland transportation of goods. However, there are no indications for an exchange system which delivered preserved products of marine animals (e.g. dried fish) into the hinterland.Les restes de faune de quatre sites des Émirats Arabes Unis et d’Oman datĂ©s du Bronze ancien (Hili 8, Tell Abraq, Umm an-Nar et Maysar) sont analysĂ©s en considĂ©rant les caractĂ©ristiques liĂ©es Ă  l’exploitation des animaux dans les Ă©conomies reprĂ©sentĂ©es. Les informations archĂ©ozoologiques des sites de Ra’s al-Jinz et de Raa’s al-Hadd (Oman) sont utilisĂ©es comme comparaison. Ces deux derniers sites, tout comme Umm an-Nar, sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par une faible contribution des animaux domestiques Ă  l’économie de subsistance. Plus de 90 % (d’aprĂšs le poids des restes osseux) des vestiges de faune analysĂ©s de ces sites proviennent de la faune marine (principalement le dugong Ă  Umm an-Nar et la tortue Ă  Ra’s al-Jinz). Tell Abraq prĂ©sente une situation intermĂ©diaire avec une contribution des animaux domestiques de 50 % environ, tandis que sur les sites de l’intĂ©rieur (Hili 8 et Maysar) les domestiques reprĂ©sentent 90 % des trouvailles analysĂ©es. La faune sauvage de tous les sites est en concordance avec leurs environnements respectifs. La faune domestique est dominĂ©e par les bovins sur les sites des Émirats, alors qu’en Oman, les moutons et les chĂšvres sont majoritaires. Sur tous les sites, les chĂšvres sont mieux reprĂ©sentĂ©es que les moutons. Les restes d’équidĂ©s sont prĂ©sents partout exceptĂ© Ă  Umm an-Nar. Il s’agit principalement d’ñnes domestiques. Les vestiges de dromadaires sont frĂ©quents Ă  Umm an-Nar, mais rares ou absents sur les autres sites. Il n’y a pas d’indication de la domestication de cet animal au cours de l’ñge du Bronze ancien. Les bovins domestiques semblent avoir Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour le trait dans les communautĂ©s agricoles (Hili 8), mais potentiellement aussi pour le transport de biens Ă  travers la rĂ©gion. Cependant, il n’y a pas d’indices d’un systĂšme d’échange qui aurait livrĂ© des produits animaux prĂ©parĂ©s en vue de la conservation (comme par exemple du poisson sĂ©chĂ©) dans l’arriĂšre-pays.Uerpmann Margarethe, Uerpmann Hans-Peter. Animal economy during the Early Bronze Age in South-East Arabia. In: Archaeozoology of the Near East VIII. Actes des huitiĂšmes Rencontres internationales d'ArchĂ©ozoologie de l'Asie du Sud-Ouest et des rĂ©gions adjacentes. Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e Jean Pouilloux, 2008. pp. 465-485. (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et de la MĂ©diterranĂ©e, 49
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