Kematangan Beragama Nabi Muhammad Saw (Interkoneksi Hadis Akhlak Nabi Muhammad dengan Ilmu Psikologi Agama)

  Prophet Muhammad as the cover of the prophets has a noble character. Behind his moral glory as a prophet, he is also an ordinary human being like other humans. He also feels joy, sadness and other things that are felt by humans. One example that he is the same as other humans, he also made mistakes. The difference between him and other humans is that when he makes a mistake, he immediately gets a warning from Allah. The existence of the nature of basyariyyah in the Prophet Muhammad, made it possible for psychological research to be carried out on him. This study seeks to understand the hadiths about the morals of the Prophet Muhammad with a psychological approach. The purpose of this study is to find out the meaning of the hadith about the morals of the Prophet Muhammad in terms of the perspective of psychology, because so far sometimes the traditions related to the morals of the Prophet Muhammad are understood to be limited to the fiqh dimension.Nabi Muhammad sebagai penutup para nabi memiliki akhlak yang mulia. Dibalik kemuliaan akhlak beliau sebagai nabi, beliau juga adalah manusia biasa layaknya manusia yang lain. Beliau juga merasakan rasa gembira, rasa sedih dan hal-hal lainnya yang dirasakan oleh manusia. Salah satu contoh bahwa beliau sama dengan manusia lainnya, beliau juga melakukan kesalahan. Perbedaan beliau dengan manusia lainnya, ketika beliau melakukan kesalahan, maka beliau langsung mendapat teguran dari Allah. Adanya sifat basyariyyah di dalam diri Nabi Muhammad, memungkinkan untuk dilakukan penelitian psikologi terhadap beliau. penelitian ini berusaha memahami hadis-hadis tentang akhlak Nabi Muhammad dengan pendekatan ilmu psikologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui makna hadis tentang akhlak Nabi Muhammad ditinjau dari perspektif ilmu psikologi, karena selama ini terkadang hadis-hadis yang berkaitan dengan akhlak Nabi Muhammad dipahami terbatas pada dimensi fiqih saja

Penilaian Indikasi Geografis Pegunungan Hyang Argopuro dan Kesesuaian Lahannya untuk Budidaya Kopi

Kopi adalah salah satu komoditas pertanian yang menjadi produk unggulan di Kabupaten Bondowoso. Salah satunya adalah biji kopi yang dihasilkan oleh petani di Desa Tanah Wulan. Kopi yang dihasilkan oleh petani di Tanah Wulan memiliki rasa dan aroma yang khas karena dipengaruhi oleh kondisi geografis kebun kopi yang berada di lereng pegunungan Hyang Argopuro. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis karakteristik sumberdaya lahan pada lereng pegunungan Hyang Argopuro, khususnya di Desa Tanah Wulan dan membuat peta kesesuaian lahannya. Sumberdaya lahan tersebut berpengaruh terhadap cita rasa kopi, sementara pembuatan peta berpengaruh pada pengembangan kopi di masa datang. Penelitian ini penting untuk dilakukan agar produk kopi di Bondowoso mendapatkan sertifikat Indikasi Geografis sebagai bukti cita rasa produk kopi di lokasi penelitian. Selain itu, Indikasi Geografis tersebut juga bertujuan menunjukkan karakteristik sumberdaya lahan yang ada disana dan membedakannya dari lokasi-lokasi lain. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah GPS, set pengambilan tanah, software ArcGIS 10.4, sampel tanah, data curah hujan tahun 1999 – 2018, data DEM (Digital Elevation Modul), dan data suhu tahun 1999 – 2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis perkalian bobot kesesuaian lahan untuk komoditas kopi berdasarkan kriteria parameter dari Balai Penelitian Tanah dan World Agroforestry Center, kemudian dipetakan menggunakan software ArcGIS 10.4. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tanaman kopi Arabika di Desa Tanah Wulan terdapat 4,09 Ha atau 0,42% dari total area lahan yang masuk klasifikasi kelas S1 (sangat sesuai), 977,28 Ha atau 99,52% dari total area lahan yang masuk klasifikasi kelas S2 (cukup sesuai), dan 0,62 Ha atau 0,06% dari total area lahan yang masuk klasifikasi kelas S3 (sesuai marginal). Sedangkan untuk tanaman kopi Robusta terdapat 918,89 Ha atau 93,58% dari total area lahan yang masuk klasifikasi kelas S2 (cukup sesuai) dan 63,10 Ha atau 6,42% dari total area lahan yang masuk klasifikasi kelas S3 (sesuai marginal). Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pemberian irigasi yang baik, pembuatan terasiring, dan pemberian zat hara agar lahan yang ada bisa lebih sesuai untuk pengembangan tanaman kopi. Sementara itu, hasil penilaian indikasi geografisnya, yaitu wilayah tersebut memiliki ciri suhu 17 – 27 °C, ketinggian 300 – 1.700 mdpl, curah hujan tahunan 1.800 – 2.000 mm/tahun, lama bulan kering 2 bulan, tekstur tanah agak kasar (lempung berpasir), mengandung c-organik lebih dari 1,8% - 6%, dan kemiringan lereng 8 – 30%

Kerusuhan Sosial di Delta Brantas dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat Abad XI Masehi (Masa Pemerintahan Airlangga)

Studies on the history of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms have focused on the lives of kings and court nobles. Inscriptions as primary data of life at that time were more widely viewed as evidence of the strong legitimacy of kings and kingdoms over all aspects of people's lives. During the reign of King Airlangga, there are inscription sources that tell of several social activities in the Brantas Delta region. This is special information considering that the Brantas Delta area is an area that has important meaning for trading activities. By using historical research methods which include topics, source collection, leverage or criticism, interpretation or interpretation, and historiography based on the Kamalagyan Inscription and Simanglayang Inscription, a research was prepared which was intended to reconstruct the social events that occurred in the Brantas Delta and for people's lives during the reign of Airlangga. XI century AD. Social unrest in the midst of society causes unrest for the community. The river that was originally used as the center of civilization, even became a scourge for the community when the flood came. The flooding that continued during the construction of the embankment during the Airlangga period more than once indicated that several disasters had occurred repeatedly. embankments that are intentionally damaged by certain groups indicate the social condition of the community which is full of conflicts and problems. As a result, the life of the ancient Javanese people in the Brantas Delta was not as peaceful as imagined. The strategic location, close to a major port city, makes people's lives very hard. On the other hand, it is known that the rulers at that time had compiled various laws and regulations that could regulate territory. Keywords: Social Riots , Delta Brantas, Airlangg

Praktik Jual Beli Ikan Sistem Jizaf Dalam Perspektif Hadis: (Studi Kasus di Kaduara Barat Pamekasan)

Jizaf is buying and selling which is done by stacking goods without measuring, calculating and adding up the quantity. So it can cause uncertainty in the quantity. This article aims to understand the practice of buying and selling the pile system (jizaf) in Kaduara Barat Pamekasan. Based on this, there are two problems that are the main study in this research, namely: first, what is the practice of buying and selling fish using the jizaf system in Kaduara Barat Pamekasan. Second, what is the review of the hadith on the practice of buying and selling fish using the jizaf system in Kaduara Barat Pamekasan. This research is field research with a case study approach using qualitative methods. Primary data sources were obtained through interviews, secondary data came from literature review. Research result; (1) The practice of buying and selling jizaf in Kaduara Barat Pamekasan is carried out in several steps. First, the fishermen unload the fish, then transport them to land. Second, fishermen sort the fish. Third, the process of negotiating prices and payments. Fourth, the fishermen store the fish in boxes, and finally the contractor transports the boxes containing the fish. (2) Based on a review of the hadith, jizaf buying and selling transactions may be carried out provided they fulfill the legal requirements. Buying and selling fish using the jizaf system in Kaduara Barat Pamekasan in terms of harmony (contract, person with the contract, object and exchange value) has been fulfilled. However, in terms of the conditions for realizing harmony, there are things that are not appropriate. Namely, the object of the contract in the jizaf system fish buying and selling in Kaduara Barat Pamekasan contains elements that are not permitted, such as the occurrence of an element of fraud in the object of the goods being stacked. &nbsp

Amalan Khurafat Berkaitan Bayi Dalam Masyarakat Melayu Islam Melaka [Superstitious Practices Related to Babies In The Malay Muslim Community Of Malacca]

Islam sangat menitiberatkan perkara yang berkaitan dengan akidah dan syariah. Segala amalan dan kepercayaan yang tidak berdasarkan kepada sumber-sumber yang asal seperti Al-Quran, Hadith, Ijma' dan Qiyas adalah ditolak oleh Islam. Segala bentuk khurafat sama ada yang berbentuk amalan atau kepercayaan boleh membawa kepada syirik dan bertentangan dengan akidah dan syariah Islam. Namun sebahagian masyarakat masa kini masih mempercayai dan mengamalkannya dalam keadaan tertentu atas faktor tertentu. Kertas ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti amalan-amalan khurafat terhadap bayi yang masih dilakukan dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu di negeri Melaka. Selain itu ia akan menilai tahap kefahaman khurafat terhadap bayi dalam kalangan mereka. Responden kajian melibatkan 45 wanita Melayu di sebuah kampung di Melaka Tengah yang pernah berkahwin, hamil dan bersalin. Data dianalisis secara peratusan menggunakan perisian Microsoft Excel berdasarkan skala Likert 1-5. Dapatan menunjukkan terdapat 5 amalan khurafat tertinggi dan 2 amalan khurafat yang paling rendah pernah dilakukan oleh ibu hamil terhadap bayi semasa melayari tempoh mengandung, bersalin dan berpantang. Selain itu, kefahaman ibu hamil tentang amalan khurafat terhadap bayi berada pada tahap sederhana. Nilai min tertinggi iaitu 4.93 merujuk kepada responden memahami perbuatan khurafat terhadap bayi adalah termasuk di dalam dosa-dosa besar dan syirik kepada Allah manakala nilai min terendah iaitu 1.57 merujuk kepada pernyataan ‘saya memahami keseluruhan amalan khurafat terhadap bayi dan tidak pernah melakukannya’.Islam places great emphasis on matters related to faith and shariah. All practices and beliefs that are not based on original sources such as the Quran, Hadith, Ijma' and Qiyas are rejected by Islam. All forms of superstition, whether in the form of practice or belief, can lead to polytheism and are contrary to Islamic creed and shariah. However, some people today still believe and practice it in certain circumstances due to certain factors. This paper aims to identify the superstitious practices against babies that are still practiced among the Malay community in the state of Malacca. In addition, it will assess the level of understanding of superstitions against babies among them. The study respondents included 45 Malay women in a village in Central Melaka who had been married, pregnant and given birth. Data was analyzed as a percentage using Microsoft Excel software based on a Likert scale of 1-5. Findings show that there are 5 highest superstitious practices and 2 lowest superstitious practices ever performed by pregnant mothers towards babies during pregnancy, childbirth, and abstinence. In addition, pregnant women's understanding of superstitious practices against babies is at a moderate level. The highest mean value of 4.93 refers to respondents understanding that superstitious acts against babies are included in major sins and shirk to God while the lowest mean value of 1.57 refers to the statement 'I understand the entire practice of superstition against babies and have never done it'

Pengaruh BAP, IAA, dan Jenis Eksplan terhadap Efisiensi Regenerasi Tomat Fortuna 23

Penelitian bertujuan memperoleh protokol regenerasi yang efisien untuk transformasi genetik pada tanaman tomat Fortuna 23. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai Agustus 2021-Februari 2022, bertempat di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Jember. Penelitian terdiri dari dua rancangan percobaan yaitu menggunakan RAL faktorial 3 faktor (tahap induksi tunas) diulang sebanyak 3 kali dan RAL non faktorial (tahap induksi akar) diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Perlakuan yang diberikan untuk tahap induksi tunas adalah BAP (0, 1, 2, dan 3 mg L-1), IAA (0, 0.1, 0.2, dan 0.3 mg L-1), dan jenis eksplan (kotiledon, hipokotil, dan akar). Perlakuan yang diberikan untuk tahap induksi akar adalah NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5, dan 1 mg L-1). Pada tahap induksi tunas kombinasi perlakuan B2A3E1 (BAP 2 mg L-1 + IAA 0.3 mg L-1 + kotiledon) merupakan perlakuan yang terbaik karena mampu menghasilkan jumlah tunas terbanyak (8 tunas), dengan awal muncul tunas 21 hari setelah induksi (HSI) dan awal muncul kalus 7 HSI. Pada tahap induksi akar perlakuan NAA 0.5 mg L-1 menghasilkan awal muncul akar tercepat (3 HSI), jumlah daun terbanyak (5 daun), dan jumlah akar terbanyak (26 akar). Kata kunci: induksi akar, induksi tunas, regenerasiThis study aimed to determine an efficient regeneration protocol for genetic transformation of tomato Fortuna 23. This study was conducted from August 2021 to February 2022 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember. The study consisted of 2 experimental designs, i.e, a completely randomized factorial design for shoot induction study with three factors and three replications and a completely randomized non-factorial design for root induction study with five replications. The treatments for shoot induction study were BAP (0, 1, 2, and 3 mg L-1), IAA (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg L-1), and types of explants (cotyledons, hypocotyls, and roots). The treatments for root induction study were NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg L-1). The combination treatment B2A3E1 (BAP 2 mg L-1 + IAA 0.3 mg L-1 + cotyledons) was the best treatment for shoot induction since it was able to produce the highest number of shoots (8 shoots), with shoots appearing fast (21 HSI) and callus appearing fast too (7 HSI). NAA 0.5 mg L-1 resulted in the fastest root emergence (3 HSI), the highest number of leaves (5 leaves), and the highest number of roots (26). Keywords: regeneration, root induction, shoot inductio

Analisis Efisiensi dan Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Usahatani Jagung (Zea Mays)

Usahatani merupakan cara-cara menentukan, mengorganisasikan, dan mengkoordinasi penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi seefektif dan seefisien mungkin sehingga usaha tersebut memberikan pendapatan semaksimal mungkin sehingga dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan input dan meningkatkan pendapatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Menganalisis efisiensi usahatani jagung, 2) Menganalisis faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usahatani jagung. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Sumurgayam Kecamatan Paciran Kabupaten Lamongan, Jawa Timur. Penentuan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling sejumlah 47 responden. Analisis data menggunakan analisis diskriptif, R/C ratio dan Fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Usahatani Jagung menguntungkan dan efisien, ditunjukkan oleh pendapatan petani Jagung sebesar Rp. 15.756.336/Ha/MT dan R/C ratio sebesar 3,4. 2) Faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi usahatani jagung adalah luas lahan, benih, pupuk meliputi (urea,phonska,kandang) sedangkan pestisida (gramasone, fenite) dan tenaga kerja tidak signifikan karena tidak mempengaruhi produksi jagung.Kata Kunci: efisiensi usahatani, peningkatan pendapatan

SIFAT DAN KEPRIBADIAN GURU PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN SURAT AL-MUDASSIR AYAT 1-7

The teacher is a noble profession. He has a role as a substitute for parents in Islam. The teacher is the successor to the struggle of the prophets. This noble position requires the nature of a personality that can be modeled by his students. This article contains a post about the nature and personality of the perspective of al-Qur'an teacher based on Al-Mudassir 1-7 Verses. This letter came down as an order to the prophet Muhammad to preach (educate) the people of Mecca at that time through the science of education, in the Surah Al-Mudassir 1-7 verses, there are six traits and personalities that must be possessed by a teacher to succeedsin carrying out his duties as an educator

Effect of quadratic residue diffuser (QRD) microwave energy on root-lesion nematode, Prathlenchus penetrans

In this study, quadratic residue diffuser (QRD) microwave energy was used to control nematode Pratylenchus penetrans in soil. Microwave energy is a physical method that has been used to manage nematodes. This approach provides rapid heat transfer to soil with no lingering residual effects. QRD microwave radiation at a frequency of 2450 MHz was used to irradiate sandy clay loam soil containing a nematode layer.The pot dimensions were 17 cm high, 10 cm diameter and exposure times used were 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 120 s. The soil water content was set at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%, respectively, based on dry mass. Total mortality was calculated at soil depths of 5, 10 and 15 cm. Microwave treatment time and soil water content significantly affected nematode mortality; also, longer exposure time and decreased soil moisture content resulted in an greater total mortality. However, 120 s radiation was demonstrated to be the most effective for killing nematodes at all soil water contents and soil depths.Keywords: Microwave energy, nematodes, pepper, Pratylenchus penetrans, physical control, quadratic residue diffuserAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(18), pp. 2471-247