Homojen Olmayan Elastik Konik Bir Kabuğun Üniform Olmayan Yanal Dış Basınç Yükü Etkisi Altında Stabilitesi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2008Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2008Bu çalışmada homojen olmayan elastik kesik konik bir kabuğun uniform olmayan yanal basınç yükü etkisi altında stabilitesi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, basit mesnetli homojen olmayan elastik malzemelerden oluşan konik kabukların temel bağıntıları çıkarılmış, değiştirilmiş Donnell tipi stabilite ve deformasyon uygunluk denklemleri elde edilmiş ve bu denklemlere Galerkin yöntemi uygulanarak uniform olmayan yanal basınç yükü için analitik ifade elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen ifade çevresel dalga sayısına göre minimize edilerek uniform olmayan kritik yanal basınç yükünün minimum değeri bulunmuştur. Son olarak da hesaplar yapılarak, koni parametrelerinin ve homojen olmamanın kuvvet fonksiyonu şeklinde değişiminin kritik yanal basınç yükü değerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen ifadeler üzerine yapılan sayısal sonuçlar kaynaklardaki sonuçlarla karşılaştırılarak doğruluğu saptanmıştır.In this study, stability of a non-homogeneous elastic truncated conical shell under non-uniform lateral pressure is studied. Firstly, fundamental relations of conical shells made of nonhomogeneous elastic materials are expressed and modified Donnell type stability and compatibility equations are obtained. Then, applying Galerkin method to these equations, an analytical expression for non-uniform lateral pressure is get. Minimizing the obtained expression according to the circumferential wave number, minimum value of the non-uniform critical lateral pressure is found. Finally, making computations, the effects of the variations of conical shell parameters and non-homogeneity as power functions to the critical lateral pressure values are examined. Obtained results are compared with those in the literature and the validity of the study is established

Anti-CD45RC antibody immunotherapy prevents and treats experimental autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis- ectodermal dystrophy syndrome

Targeted monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies show great promise for the treatment of transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases by inducing more specific immunomodulatory effects than broadly immunosuppressive drugs routinely used. We recently described the therapeutic advantage of targeting CD45RC, expressed at high levels by conventional T (Tconv) cells (CD45RC(hi)), their precursors, and terminally differentiated T (TEMRA) cells, but not by regulatory T cells (Tregs; CD45RC(lo/-)). We demonstrated efficacy of anti-CD45RC mAb treatment in transplantation, but its potential has not been examined in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare genetic syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations of autoimmune regulator (AIRE), a key central tolerance mediator, leading to abnormal autoreactive T cell responses and autoantibody production. Herein, we show that, in a rat model of APECED syndrome, anti-CD45RC mAb was effective for both prevention and treatment of autoimmune manifestations and inhibited autoantibody development. Anti-CD45RC mAb intervention depleted CD45RC(hi) T cells, inhibited CD45RC(hi) B cells, and restored the Treg/Tconv cell ratio and the altered Treg transcriptomic profile. In APECED patients, CD45RC was significantly increased in peripheral blood T cells, and lesioned organs from APECED patients were infiltrated by CD45RC(hi) cells. Our observations highlight the potential role for CD45RC(hi) cells in the pathogenesis of experimental and human APECED syndrome and the potential of anti-CD45RC antibody treatment.Peer reviewe

Lentiviral Vectors That Express UGT1A1 in Liver and Contain Mir-142 Target Sequences Normalize Hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn Rats

Background & AimsCrigler–Najjar type 1 (CN-I) is an inherited liver disease caused by an absence of bilirubin–uridine 5′-diphosphate–glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) activity. It results in life-threatening levels of unconjugated bilirubin, and therapeutic options are limited. We used adult Gunn rats (an animal model of the disease) to evaluate the efficiency of lentiviral-based gene therapy to express UGT1A1 in liver. Methods Gunn rats were given intraportal injections of VSVG-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors that encode UGT1A1 under the control of a liver-specific transthyretin promoter (mTTR.hUGT1A1); this vector does not contain target sequences for miR-142, a microRNA that is expressed specifically in hematopoietic cells. Rats were also injected with the vector mTTR.hUGT1A1.142T, which contains 4 copies of the miR-142 target sequences; its messenger RNA should be degraded in antigen-presenting cells. Bilirubinemia was monitored, and the presence of transduced hepatocytes was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Vector expression was tested in vitro in rat hematopoietic cells. Results In Gunn rats, bilirubin levels normalized 2 weeks after administration of mTTR.hUGT1A1. However, hyperbilirubinemia resumed 8 weeks after vector administration, concomitant with the induction of an immune response. In contrast, in rats injected with mTTR-UGT1A1.142T, bilirubin levels normalized for up to 6 months and transduced cells were not eliminated. Conclusions Lentiviral vectors that express UGT1A1 reduce hyperbilirubinemia in immunocompetent Gunn rats for at least 6 months. The immune response against virally expressed UGT1A1 can be circumvented by inclusion of miR-142 target sequences, which reduce vector expression in antigen-presenting cells. This lentiviral-based gene therapy approach might be developed to treat patients with CN-I

Expanding horizons of cross-linguistic research on reading: The Multilingual Eye-movement Corpus (MECO)

Scientific studies of language behavior need to grapple with a large diversity of languages in the world and, for reading, a further variability in writing systems. Yet, the ability to form meaningful theories of reading is contingent on the availability of cross-linguistic behavioral data. This paper offers new insights into aspects of reading behavior that are shared and those that vary systematically across languages through an investigation of eye-tracking data from 13 languages recorded during text reading. We begin with reporting a bibliometric analysis of eye-tracking studies showing that the current empirical base is insufficient for cross-linguistic comparisons. We respond to this empirical lacuna by presenting the Multilingual Eye-Movement Corpus (MECO), the product of an international multi-lab collaboration. We examine which behavioral indices differentiate between reading in written languages, and which measures are stable across languages. One of the findings is that readers of different languages vary considerably in their skipping rate (i.e., the likelihood of not fixating on a word even once) and that this variability is explained by cross-linguistic differences in word length distributions. In contrast, if readers do not skip a word, they tend to spend a similar average time viewing it. We outline the implications of these findings for theories of reading. We also describe prospective uses of the publicly available MECO data, and its further development plans

Text reading in English as a second language: Evidence from the Multilingual Eye-Movements Corpus

Research into second language (L2) reading is an exponentially growing field. Yet, it still has a relatively short supply of comparable, ecologically valid data from readers representing a variety of first languages (L1). This article addresses this need by presenting a new data resource called MECO L2 (Multilingual Eye Movements Corpus), a rich behavioral eye-tracking record of text reading in English as an L2 among 543 university student speakers of 12 different L1s. MECO L2 includes a test battery of component skills of reading and allows for a comparison of the participants' reading performance in their L1 and L2. This data resource enables innovative large-scale cross-sample analyses of predictors of L2 reading fluency and comprehension. We first introduce the design and structure of the MECO L2 resource, along with reliability estimates and basic descriptive analyses. Then, we illustrate the utility of MECO L2 by quantifying contributions of four sources to variability in L2 reading proficiency proposed in prior literature: reading fluency and comprehension in L1, proficiency in L2 component skills of reading, extralinguistic factors, and the L1 of the readers. Major findings included (a) a fundamental contrast between the determinants of L2 reading fluency versus comprehension accuracy, and (b) high within-participant consistency in the real-time strategy of reading in L1 and L2. We conclude by reviewing the implications of these findings to theories of L2 acquisition and outline further directions in which the new data resource may support L2 reading research

Effects of cilazapril on blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular functions

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cilazapril o blood pressure (BP), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and LV systolic and diastolic functions in patients with mild to moderate hypertension and echocardiographically confirmed LVH. Previously untreated 10 male and 16 female patients, aged between 42-64 years (mean 56 ± 4) were given cilazapril 2.5-5 mg once daily for 6 months. BP and heart rate were evaluated monthly, while ECG, chest x-ray, blood chemistry and M-mode, 2D, color-coded Doppler echocardiograms were evaluated before treatment and on the 1, 2, 3rd and 6th months of therapy. Seventeen patients (64%) needed 5 mg/day cilazapril for BP control. Cilazapril treatment reduced resting systolic and diastolic BP (p < 0.05). LV mass index also decreased significantly (173 ± 24 vs 136 ± 18, p < 0.01). The deceleration time of mitral peak early velocity, isovolumic relaxation time and E:A ratio reduced significantly after cilazapril treatment (p < 0.05). Side effects such as palpitation (2), cough (3) and facial edema (2) were observed in 7 (27%) patients and cessation of therapy was necessary in 2 (7%). In conclusion, long-term antihypertensive therapy with cilazapril controls blood pressure, concamitantly brings about LVH regression and improvement in diastolic function in patients with mild to moderate hypertension

Metastatic hypervascular lymph nodes in malignant glomus vagale tumor: Angiography findings

Malignant vagal paraganglioma is very uncommon and the diagnosis of malignancy is made on the basis of presence of distant metastasis rather than the histological findings. We report angiography findings of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in a case of malignant vagal paraganglioma. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved