198 research outputs found
Itinerant-electron Ferromagnetism in W(Nb)O3-d
The crystal structure and the magnetic properties of the W1-xNbxO3-d,
(x<0.03) system have been investigated. In contrast to the orthorhombic
diamagnetic WO3, the material with x=0.01 is paramagnetic down to 5 K.
Introducing of 2.5 at. % of Nb into WO3 leads to a tetragonal structure and to
a weak itinerant ferromagnetic ordering below TC= 225 K. The saturation
magnetic moment at 5 K is 1.07*10-3 mB, whereas the paramagnetic effective
moment is 0.06 mB per mole. This high ratio indicates itinerant ferromagnetism
in W0.975Nb0.025O3-d.Comment: accepted to Physica
A Unit-Decade Compatibility Effect in German Number Words
Photograph taken by Salt Lake Tribune staf
Moral Foundations of Dietary Behavior and its Linkage to Sustainability and Feminism
Received 23 February 2022. Accepted 13 September 2022. Published online 10 October 2022.In the current article, we explore and compare the moral-foundationsprofile of vegetarians, vegans, and meat eaters and investigate how it is related to real-world behavior. Results of two surveys demonstrate a link between eating behavior, moral foundations, environmental behavior, and feminist ideals. We demonstrate that vegans place greater value on individualizing foundations (i.e., Harm and Fairness) and meat eaters on binding foundations (i.e., Authority and Loyalty), while vegetarians fall in between these poles. In addition, we observed that in other behavioral domains requiring moral assessment (e.g., sustainable behavior, fair trade shopping), people act in accordance with the moral foundations matching their dietary choice as well. We propose that the psychological basis of diet choice is embedded in the broader framework of moral foundations theory and that eating behavior is not a psychologically encapsulated domain but intertwined with other domains of moral behavior
Transformation of in-plane in at fixed oxygen content
This paper reveals the origin of variation in the magnitude and temperature
dependence of the normal state resistivity frequently observed in different
YBCO single crystal or thin film samples with the same . We investigated
temperature dependence of resistivity in thin films
with 7- and 6.90, which were subjected to annealing in argon at
400-420 K (). Before annealing these films exhibited a non-linear
, with a flattening below 230 K, similar to and
observed in untwinned and twinned YBCO crystals, respectively.
For all films the annealing causes an increase of resistivity and a
transformation of from a non-linear dependence towards a more
linear one (less flattening). In films with 7- the increase of
resistivity is also associated with an increase in . We proposed the
model that provides an explanation of these phenomena in terms of thermally
activated redistribution of residual O(5) oxygens in the chain-layer of YBCO.
Good agreement between the experimental data for , where t is
the annealing time, and numerical calculations was obtained.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, submitted to PR
Quantum Mechanics of Multi-Prong Potentials
We describe the bound state and scattering properties of a quantum mechanical
particle in a scalar -prong potential. Such a study is of special interest
since these situations are intermediate between one and two dimensions. The
energy levels for the special case of identical prongs exhibit an
alternating pattern of non-degeneracy and fold degeneracy. It is shown
that the techniques of supersymmetric quantum mechanics can be used to generate
new solutions. Solutions for prongs of arbitrary lengths are developed.
Discussions of tunneling in -well potentials and of scattering for piecewise
constant potentials are given. Since our treatment is for general values of
, the results can be studied in the large limit. A somewhat surprising
result is that a free particle incident on an -prong vertex undergoes
continuously increased backscattering as the number of prongs is increased.Comment: 17 pages. LATEX. On request, TOP_DRAW files or hard copies available
for 7 figure
Biological weed control to relieve millions from ambrosia allergies in Europe
Invasive alien species (IAS) can substantially affect ecosystem services and human well-being. However, quantitative assessments of their impact on human health are rare, and the benefits of implementing sustainable IAS management likely to be underestimated. Here we report the effects of the allergenic plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia on public health in Europe and the potential impact of the accidentally introduced leaf beetle Ophraella communa on the number of patients and healthcare costs. We find that, prior to the establishment of O. communa, some 13.5 million persons suffered from Ambrosia-induced allergies in Europe, causing costs of Euro 7.4 billion annually. Our projections reveal that biological control of A. artemisiifolia will reduce the number of patients by approximately 2.3 million and the health costs by Euro 1.1 billion per year. Our conservative calculations indicate that the currently discussed economic costs of IAS underestimate the real costs and thus also the benefits from biological control
Transcriptional regulatory logic of the diurnal cycle in the mouse liver.
Many organisms exhibit temporal rhythms in gene expression that propel diurnal cycles in physiology. In the liver of mammals, these rhythms are controlled by transcription-translation feedback loops of the core circadian clock and by feeding-fasting cycles. To better understand the regulatory interplay between the circadian clock and feeding rhythms, we mapped DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) in the mouse liver during a diurnal cycle. The intensity of DNase I cleavages cycled at a substantial fraction of all DHSs, suggesting that DHSs harbor regulatory elements that control rhythmic transcription. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq), we found that hypersensitivity cycled in phase with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) loading and H3K27ac histone marks. We then combined the DHSs with temporal Pol II profiles in wild-type (WT) and Bmal1-/- livers to computationally identify transcription factors through which the core clock and feeding-fasting cycles control diurnal rhythms in transcription. While a similar number of mRNAs accumulated rhythmically in Bmal1-/- compared to WT livers, the amplitudes in Bmal1-/- were generally lower. The residual rhythms in Bmal1-/- reflected transcriptional regulators mediating feeding-fasting responses as well as responses to rhythmic systemic signals. Finally, the analysis of DNase I cuts at nucleotide resolution showed dynamically changing footprints consistent with dynamic binding of CLOCK:BMAL1 complexes. Structural modeling suggested that these footprints are driven by a transient heterotetramer binding configuration at peak activity. Together, our temporal DNase I mappings allowed us to decipher the global regulation of diurnal transcription rhythms in the mouse liver
MondoA regulates gene expression in cholesterol biosynthesis-associated pathways required for zebrafish epiboly
The glucose-sensing Mondo pathway regulates expression of metabolic genes in mammals. Here, we characterized its function in the zebrafish and revealed an unexpected role of this pathway in vertebrate embryonic development. We showed that knockdown of mondoa impaired the early morphogenetic movement of epiboly in zebrafish embryos and caused microtubule defects. Expression of genes in the terpenoid backbone and sterol biosynthesis pathways upstream of pregnenolone synthesis was coordinately downregulated in these embryos, including the most downregulated gene nsdhl. Loss of Nsdhl function likewise impaired epiboly, similar to MondoA loss of function. Both epiboly and microtubule defects were partially restored by pregnenolone treatment. Maternal-zygotic mutants of mondoa showed perturbed epiboly with low penetrance and compensatory changes in the expression of terpenoid/sterol/steroid metabolism genes. Collectively, our results show a novel role for MondoA in the regulation of early vertebrate development, connecting glucose, cholesterol and steroid hormone metabolism with early embryonic cell movements
A Fermi Surface study of BaKBiO
We present all electron computations of the 3D Fermi surfaces (FS's) in
BaKBiO for a number of different compositions based on the
selfconsistent Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent-potential-approximation
(KKR-CPA) approach for incorporating the effects of Ba/K substitution. By
assuming a simple cubic structure throughout the composition range, the
evolution of the nesting and other features of the FS of the underlying
pristine phase is correlated with the onset of various structural transitions
with K doping. A parameterized scheme for obtaining an accurate 3D map of the
FS in BaKBiO for an arbitrary doping level is developed. We
remark on the puzzling differences between the phase diagrams of
BaKBiO and BaPbBiO by comparing aspects
of their electronic structures and those of the end compounds BaBiO,
KBiO and BaPbO. Our theoretically predicted FS's in the cubic phase are
relevant for analyzing high-resolution Compton scattering and
positron-annihilation experiments sensitive to the electron momentum density,
and are thus amenable to substantial experimental verification.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
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