Numerical approximation to a solution of the modified regularized long wave equation using quintic B splines

In this work, a numerical solution of the modified regularized long wave (MRLW) equation is obtained by the method based on collocation of quintic B-splines over the finite elements. A linear stability analysis shows that the numerical scheme based on Von Neumann approximation theory is unconditionally stable. Test problems including the solitary wave motion, the interaction of two and three solitary waves and the Maxwellian initial condition are solved to validate the proposed method by calculating error norms L2 and L∞ that are found to be marginally accurate and efficient. The three invariants of the motion have been calculated to determine the conservation properties of the scheme. The obtained results are compared with other earlier result

Solving fractional diffusion and fractional diffusion-wave equations by Petrov-Galerkin finite element method

In the last few years, it has become highly evident that fractional calculus has been widely used in several areas of science. Because of this fact, their numerical solutions also have become urgently important. In this manuscript, numerical solutions of both the fractional diffusion and fractional diffusion-wave equations have been obtained by a Petrov-Galerkin finite element method using quadratic B-spline base functions as trial functions and linear B-spline base functions as the test functions. In those equations, fractional derivatives are used in terms of the Caputo sense. While the L1 discretizaton formula has been applied to fractional diffusion equation, the L2 discretizaton formula has been applied to the fractional diffusion-wave equation. Finally, the error norms L2 and L∞ have been calculated for testing the accuracy of the proposed scheme.Publisher's Versio

Numerical solutions of the MRLW equation by cubic B-spline Galerkin finite element method

In this paper, a numerical solution of the modified regularized long wave (MRLW) equation has been obtained by a numerical technique based on a lumped Galerkin method using cubic B-spline finite elements. Solitary wave motion, interaction of two and three solitary waves have been studied to validate the proposed method. The three invariants ( 1 2 3 I ,I ,I ) of the motion have been calculated to determine the conservation properties of the scheme. Error norms L2 and L∞ have been used to measure the differences between the exact and numerical solutions. Also, a linear stability analysis of the scheme is proposed

Effect of the presence of pneumonia on noninvasive ventilation success in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cases with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure

Aim: To investigate the effect of the presence of pneumonia on the success of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cases with acute respiratory failure. Materials and methods: Sixty patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COPD exacerbation were included. The patients were divided into 2 groups as those with pneumonia (Group 1) and without pneumonia (Group 2). According to initial pH values, cases were also divided into 3 subgroups based on pH values. C-reactive protein (CRP), APACHE II scores, requirement of endotracheal intubation, mortality, and duration of ICU and hospital stay were also recorded. Results: NIMV success was found to be 85.5% in Group 1 and 51.1% in Group 2. Endotracheal intubation rates were higher in Group 2 (P = 0.008). NIMV failure was 70.1% in Group 2 and 10% in Group 1 in patients with severe acidosis. The APACHE II scores and CRP levels were significantly higher and independent risk factors in patients with NIMV failure (P < 0.002, P < 0.001). A significant difference was not found between groups in terms of duration of hospital and ICU stays and mortality. Conclusion: The presence of pneumonia in COPD cases is a factor that reduces NIMV success, but this does not affect mortality and the duration of ICU and hospital stay

Invertebrate infestation in green turtle (Chelonia mydas (linnaeus, 1758)) and loggerhead turtle (caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758)) nests on Alata beach, Mersin, Turkey

Invertebrate infestation in sea turtle nests (Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas) was recorded for the first time for Alata beach, Mersin, Turkey. A total of 121 green and 32 loggerhead nests were recorded and 34 (22.22%) of these were examined in terms of the invertebrate faunal composition. The specimens found in the nests were identified to order, family, or genus levels and they were represented as 5 orders. These invertebrate groups are Pimelia sp. larvae (Tenebrionidae; Coleoptera), Elater sp. larvae (Elateridae; Coleoptera), Scarabaeidae larvae (Coleoptera), Muscidae (Diptera), Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta), Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera), and Cyrptostigmata (Acari). © TÜBİTAK

Acyclic partitioning of large directed acyclic graphs

We investigate the problem of partitioning the vertices of a directed acyclic graph into a given number of parts. The objective function is to minimize the number or the total weight of the edges having end points in different parts, which is also known as edge cut. The standard load balancing constraint of having an equitable partition of the vertices among the parts should be met. Furthermore, the partition is required to be acyclic, i.e., the inter-part edges between the vertices from different parts should preserve an acyclic dependency structure among the parts. In this work, we adopt the multilevel approach with coarsening, initial partitioning, and refinement phases for acyclic partitioning of directed acyclic graphs. We focus on two-way partitioning (sometimes called bisection), as this scheme can be used in a recursive way for multi-way partitioning. To ensure the acyclicity of the partition at all times, we propose novel and efficient coarsening and refinement heuristics. The quality of the computed acyclic partitions is assessed by computing the edge cut. We also propose effective ways to use the standard undirected graph partitioning methods in our multilevel scheme. We perform a large set of experiments on a dataset consisting of (i) graphs coming from an application and (ii) some others corresponding to matrices from a public collection. We report improvements, on average, around 59% compared to the current state of the art

Molecular Mechanisms of Distinct Diseases

Molecular medicine describes molecular structures and mechanisms and this chapter focuses on molecular and genetics errors of diseases. Diseases can be classified into deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases, infectious diseases and physiological diseases and to get a glimpse of the mechanisms the chapter covers the most common disease of each class

Evaluation of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease: Preliminary results from the Turk-UIP study

OBJECTIVE: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is important among fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD). This study aimed to evaluate the rate of IPF in patients with fibrotic ILD and to determine the clinical-laboratory features of patients with and without IPF that would provide the differential diagnosis of IPF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included the patients with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern or possible UIP pattern on thorax high-resolution computed tomography, and/or UIP pattern, probable UIP or possible UIP pattern at lung biopsy according to the 2011 ATS/ERSARS/ALAT guidelines. Demographics and clinical and radiological data of the patients were recorded. All data recorded by researchers was evaluated by radiology and the clinical decision board. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients (253 men, 83 women, age 65.8 +/- 9.0 years) were evaluated. Of the patients with sufficient data for diag-nosis (n=300), the diagnosis was IPF in 121 (40.3%), unclassified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 50 (16.7%), combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in 40 (13.3%), and lung involvement of connective tissue disease (CTD) in 16 (5.3%). When 29 patients with definite IPF features were added to the patients with CPFE, the total number of IPF patients reached 150 (50%). Rate of male sex (p<0.001), smoking history (p<0.001), and the presence of clubbing (p=0.001) were significantly high in patients with IPE None of the women <50 years and none of the men <50 years of age without a smoking history were diagnosed with IPE Presence of at least 1 of the symptoms suggestive of CTD, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and antinuclear antibody (FANA) positivity rates were significantly higher in the non-IPF group (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: The rate of IPF among patients with fibrotic ILD was 50%. In the differential diagnosis of IPF, sex, smoking habits, and the presence of clubbing are important. The presence of symptoms related to CTD, ESR elevation, and EANA positivity reduce the likelihood of IPF

First-line treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer

Fluoropyrimidine+cisplatin/oxaliplatin+trastuzumab therapy is recommended for the first-line treatment of HER2-positive metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. However, there is no comprehensive study on which platinum-based treatment should be preferred. This study aimed to compare the treatment response and survival characteristics of patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer who received fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin (mFOLFOX)+trastuzumab or cisplatin and fluorouracil (CF)+trastuzumab as first-line therapy. It was a multicenter, retrospective study of the Turkish Oncology Group, which included 243 patients from 21 oncology centers. There were 113 patients in the mFOLFOX+trastuzumab arm and 130 patients in the CF+trastuzumab arm. The median age was 62 years in the mFOLFOX+trastuzumab arm and 61 years in the CF+trastuzumab arm (P = 0.495). 81.4% of patients in the mFOLFOX+trastuzumab arm and 83.1% in the CF+trastuzumab arm had gastric tumor localization (P = 0.735). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly higher in the mFOLFOX+trastuzumab arm (9.4 months vs. 7.3 months, P = 0.024). The median overall survival (OS) was similar in both groups (18.4 months vs. 15.1 months, P = 0.640). Maintenance trastuzumab was continued after chemotherapy in 101 patients. In this subgroup, the median OS was 23.3 months and the median PFS was 13.3 months. In conclusion, mFOLFOX+trastuzumab is similar to CF+trastuzumab in terms of the median OS, but it is more effective in terms of the median PFS in the first-line treatment of HER2-positive metastatic gastric and GEJ cancer. The choice of treatment should be made by considering the prominent toxicity findings of the chemotherapy regimens

Huzeyfe bin El-Yeman'ın hayatı ve rivayet ettiği hadislerin muhtevası

Bu yüksek lisans tezi üç bölüm ve sonuçtan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın gayesi Hz. Muhammed'in önemli bir sahabesi olan Huzeyfe bin el-Yeman'ın hayatını ve rivayet ettiği hadislerin muhtevasını ortaya koymaktır. Huzeyfe, birçok karakteristik özelliklere sahip olan önemli bir alimdir. En önemli özelliklerinden biri de Hz. Peygamber'in sırdaşı olan bir sahabi olmasıdır. Hicri birinci asırda doğan ve Hz. Ali'nin hilafetinin 40. gününe kadar yaşayan Huzeyfe, Allah yolunda savaşması, katipliği, sırdaşlığı ve idareciliğiyle temayüz etmiştir. Tezimizi hazırlarken mümkün mertebe başta tabakat kitapları (İbn Sa'd, Hayreddin ez-Zirikli) olmak üzere, Kutubü's-Sitte yanında Ahmed b. Hanbel'in Müsned'ine ve İmam-ı Malik'in Muvatta'sına müracaat ettik. Birinci Bölüm'de ilk olarak onun hayatı ve Hz. Peygamber döneminde katıldığı savaşları, O'nun yanındaki özel durumu, dört halife döneminde yapmış olduğu hizmetler üzerinde durduk. İkinci Bölüm'de Huzeyfe'nin hadis rivayetindeki yeri ve önemini ortaya koymaya çalıştık. Bu bölümde özellikle az hadis rivayet etmeye gayret göstermesi, rivayet ettiği hadislerin sayısı ve konuları üzerinde durduk. Bunların yanısıra Kur'an-ı Kerim'in çoğaltılıp, çeşitli İslam merkezlerine gönderilmesinde rolünün olduğunu tespit etmeye çalıştık. Üçüncü Bölüm'de ise; Şia'nın Huzeyfe'ye bakışını, onun fıkhi ve tasavvufi yönünü ele aldık. Birçok sufi tarafından İslam tasavvufunun öncülerinden biri olarak görülmüştür. Huzeyfe bin el-Yeman; gerek hayatı, gerekse rivayet ettiği hadisleri göz önünde bulundurduğumuzda , onun sahabiler arasında önemli bir yere sahip olduğunu gördük.\ud This master thesis includes the three chapters and a conclusion. Its aim is to investigate the life of Huzeyfe bin el-Yeman, a prominent companion of the Prophet Muhammad, and the contents of the Hadiths narrated by him. Huzeyfe is a distinguished scholar who had many characterictic abilities. One of the most important of them is being an intimate friend of the Prophet. Huzeyfe, who was born on the first year of the Hegra and who lived until the chaliphate of Hz. Ali, is known for his heroic fighting in tihe way of Allah, his ability of perfect secretaryship, his intimate, friendship and his just administration. In the preparation of this thesis, we tried to use the type of the main tabakat books such as those of İbni Sad and Hayreddin Zirikli. Besides these, we consusted the other reference books and main hadith collections like the Kütüb-ü Sitte collection and the Müsned of Ahmed b. Hanbel and the Muvatta of İmam-ı Malik. In the first chapter, we firstly paid attention to his life and the wars that he participated in the time of the Prophet. After that, his important place before the Prophet and his activities düring the four chalifs were examined. In the second chapter, we tried to work out the place and importance of Huzeyfe in the narration of the Hadith. In this chapter, especially his attempts not to narrate many hadiths, the number and the contents of the hadiths narrated by him were reseached in some detail. Apart from these, his role in the reproduction of the copies of the Qur'an and in the dispacth of them into several cities was also recorded. In the third chapter, the views of Şii ulamas on Huzeyfe and his attitudes towards the judicial and mistical subjects were studied in some detail. In fact, he was regarded by many sufis as one of the early pioneers of the muslim mistical way of behavior. We can conclude that Huzeyfe is a prominent and distinguished companion of the Prophet Muhammad, especially for being an intimate friend of Him and for his activities and way of thoughts