Formula of success : the Singapore Airlines story.

The world airline industry is a highly competitive, albeit lucrative, arena. In this environment, Singapore SIA has emerged as one of the role models of airline success story in recent aviation history. The research looks at the business environment in which the airline operates -in terms of the available opportunities and threats. SIA's impressive profitability record and the success factors that relate to her sustained profitability.Master of Business Administratio

Development of Nonstoichiometric CuInS₂ as a Light-Harvesting Photoanode and Catalytic Photocathode in a Sensitized Solar Cell

A simple one-pot approach was developed to obtain nonstoichiometric CuInS₂ nanocrystals. Using this approach, both In-rich and Cu-rich CuInS₂ nanocrystals could be reliably synthesized by tuning stoichiometric combinations of [Cu]/[In] precursor constituents. By designing Cu-rich CuInS₂ heteronanostructures to serve as counter electrodes, quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) equipped with In-rich CuInS₂ and CdS cosensitizers delivered a power conversion efficiency of 2.37%, which is significantly more efficient than conventional Pt counter electrodes. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report utilizing nonstoichiometric CuInS₂ nanocrystals as a photon-harvesting sensitizer comprised of a photoanode and photocathode in QDSSCs; also unique to this report, these nonstoichiometric CuInS₂ nanocrystals were formed by simply changing the cationic molar ratios without complicated precursor preparation. Impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization indicated that these Cu-rich CuInS₂ heteronanostructures had electrocatalytic activities (used for reducing S^2–/S_<i>n</i>^2–) that were superior to a Pt catalyst. Moreover, we demonstrated that Cu-rich CuInS₂ heteronanostructures were also useful counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells, and this finding revealed a promising conversion efficiency of 6.11%, which was ∼96% of the efficiency in a cell with a Pt-based counter electrode (6.32%)