Civil Indian Policy and aboriginal-white relations in nineteenth century Canada: a cultural genocide?

This dissertation examines the development of Indian Policy by the British Imperial Government in North America following its transition from the military to the civil branch of government. Through detailed analysis of primary and secondary material it will argue that there was a determined effort by the Church and State to destroy, in whole or in part, the social, political, spiritual, and other cultural traditions of the indigenous peoples in Canada. The dissertation will contextualise the Victorian ideology of superiority, and will provide a fresh outlook on the aboriginal-white relationship as it developed in the settlement era of Canadian expansion. The dissertation’s overall argument is that the culturally destructive intentions of Eurocentric policy makers and evangelisers should be seen as a kind of “cultural genocide”, because they imposed measures to dismantle forms of indigenous culture, with the intent of transferring or assimilating the physical person, as an individual, into the settler society. The dissertation explores different forms of genocide from the definition ratified at the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1948 which focused solely on physical destruction. These forms of cultural destruction include political, spiritual, and economic genocide. The dissertation develops the argument that cultural genocide was limited to article 3 (e), and should include other aspects of destruction that undermined First Nations’ traditions, such as: forms of government, gender roles, economic pursuits, ceremonies, and spiritual beliefs. An introduction contextualizes Eurocentricism, the ideology of superiority based upon European socio-political and religious belief, and the changing white perception of aboriginals from warrior to “expensive social nuisance”. A chapter on the Church-State effort to civilize the ‘Indian’ reveals how philanthropic measures intended to assist indigenous people were ultimately hindered by the assumption of Victorian superiority. Two further chapters – one an in-depth analysis on ‘Indian’ legislation, the other on historic treaties– highlight that economic prerogatives for a coast-to-coast settler society undermined Native sovereignty. The dissertation concludes that the Aboriginal-white relationship deteriorated as a result of the Civil Indian Policy; Indigenous people became wards of the State, were reduced spiritually and morally to a sub-human status; and were economically demoted to a peasant class that barely survived maybe

Proterozoic Bushveld-Vredefort catastrophe: Possible causes and consequences

Bushveld Complex and Vredefort Dome are unique features, formed in close proximity during the same time interval, approximately 2 Ga. Both show evidence of catastrophic events in the shallow marine environment of the otherwise stable Kaapvaal Craton. Explanation by multiple impacts of an asteroid, brecciated by an inter-asteroidal collision and disintegrating in Earth's gravity field is supported by pseudotachylite, shatter cones, coesite, and stishovite at Vredefort but these shock phenomena were not found in the Bushveld Complex. The Bushveld Complex was formerly interpreted as a lopolith, a view incompatible with gravity, electrical resistivity, magnetic, and seismic-reflection data. It is outlined by five inward-dipping lobes of layered ultramafic-mafic plutonic rocks that partly coalesce to form a basin-like feature 400 km in diameter and 65,000 sq. km. in area, equivalent to a small lunar mare. The Bushveld Complex is orders of magnitudes larger than other proposed terrestrial impact structures and differs from them in important ways. Its principal members, in order of age, are Rooiberg Felsite, RLS, and Lebowa Granite. The Bushveld-Vredefort events occurred during the interval from neutral or reducing atmosphere to oxidizing atmosphere. This transition is usually related to the evolution of photosynthesizing organisms. If the impact hypothesis for Bushveld-Vredefort can be confirmed, it may represent a global catastrophe sufficient to contribute to environmental changes favoring aerobic photosynthesizing eukaryotes over anaerobic prokaryotes

On the role of lyrics in the music-exercise performance relationship

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in Psychology of Sport and Exercise. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2013 Elsevier Ltd.Objectives - To examine the role of lyrics on a range of psychological, psychophysical, and physiological variables during submaximal cycling ergometry. Design - Within-subject counterbalanced design. Method - Twenty-five participants performed three 6-min cycling trials at a power output corresponding to 75% of their maximum heart rate under conditions of music with lyrics, same music without lyrics, and a no-music control. Cycling cadence, heart rate, and perceived exertion were recorded at 2-min intervals during each trial. Positive and negative affect was assessed before and after each trial. Results - Participants cycled at a higher cadence towards the end of the cycling trials under music with lyrics. Main effects were found for perceived exertion and heart rate, both of which increased from min 2 through to min 6, and for affect: positive affect increased and negative affect decreased from pre- to post-trials. Conclusions - Participants pedalled faster in both music conditions (with and without lyrics) while perceived exertion and heart rate did not differ. The inclusion of lyrics influenced cycling cadence only at min 6 and had no effect on the remaining dependent variables throughout the duration of the cycling trials. The impact of lyrical content in the music–exercise performance relationship warrants further attention in order for us to better understand its role

Cyber Threat Reports 20 Dec 2016 - 15 Jan 2017

Army Cyber Institute Cyber Threat Report Tech Trends: Stories and Highlights Android tops 2016 vulnerability list, with 523 bugs. FBI probes FDIC hack linked to China\u27s military. Criminals pose as job applicants to infect networks. Russia to convicted criminal hackers Work with us or jail! Hackers could turn your smart meter into a bomb

Cyber Threat Reports 16 May - 05 June 2017

Army Cyber Institute Cyber Threat Report Tech Trends: Stories and Highlights The Cost of IoT Hacks: 13% of revenue for smaller firms. Massive security breach at prominent Los Angeles clinic puts thousands at risk. The WannaCry Effect: Users Abandon Windows XP En-Masse. OneLogin Affected by Data Breach, Attacker May have Decrypted Data. How Terrorists Slip Beheading Videos Past YouTube\u27s Censors

Cyber Threat Reports 21 Mar - 27 Mar 2017

Army Cyber Institute Cyber Threat Report Tech Trends: Stories and Highlights AV firms do need to strop breaking HTTPS. 21% of Websites still use insecure SHA-1 certificates. Why printers still pose a security threat. Another Challenge for IoT: Open Backdoors. DDoS Protection: 14 unique ways to protect your organization