NEW SOCIAL RISKS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AREA

New social risks are key factors for social cohesion of local community and society. Currently new social risks which are caused by changes in a society appears more frequently than efore. While previously the groups of underprivileged were counted in endangered groups, now middle class can be affected as well. This report shows a spatial distribution of these risks. How to obtain this result is shown on a concrete example of the city of Ostrava. This report seeks to establish future influence of industrial city cohesion. Mainly processes of industrialization and desindustrialization are examined in a detail especially their effect to demo-social structure of the city. Results are based on the research of the project named „Industrial society in postindustrial city“ under which were large sociological research of Ostrava and long term monitoring of statistical indicators realised. All the social problems lead to disability to keep housing. Social risk distribution is surveyed in a context of large area, specifically in the Moravian-Silesian Region, where a centre of the agglomeration is just city of Ostrava.

Constitutional Rights in a Common Law World: The Reconstruction of North Carolina Legal Culture, 1865-1874

The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which were ratified in the aftermath of the Civil War, abolished slavery, established national citizenship and made equality before the law a constitutional requirement. These national constitutional amendments brought revolutionary change to America's foundational law, but it was up to state and local legal actors to incorporate this change into the law that governed the everyday lives of Americans. The literature of Reconstruction legal history tends to place federal law, federal courts and federal legal actors at the center of the story. But in the nineteenth century, the federal judicial system was limited in its institutional capacity and its jurisdictional authority. State courts, on the other hand, were ubiquitous and possessed of expansive jurisdictional authority to hear cases arising under both state and federal law. Before the end of the nineteenth century, most Americans could spend their entire lives without encountering the federal legal system. On the other hand, county courts and the common law legal culture in which they existed were an integral part of their daily lives. This dissertation focuses on the state of North Carolina, examining how the state's legal actors articulated the meaning of freedom and incorporated it into their common law legal culture during Reconstruction. Engaging with recent literature that reconsiders the importance of the common as an ideology and mode of governance, this dissertation argues that the common law conceptualization of rights stood in contrast to the abstract, individual rights embodied in the U.S. Constitution. Common law rights were contextual, relational, and hierarchical. Further, common law principles centered around creating and maintaining good social order rather than protecting individual rights. Because the common law dominated nineteenth century legal culture, North Carolina legal actors could not simply impose the principles of the newly amended U.S. Constitution onto the existing legal order. Rather, to ensure their lasting legitimacy they had to integrate those principles into the existing common law legal culture. The process of integration began even before North Carolina ratified the Thirteenth Amendment. At the end of the war, Union army General John M. Schofield oversaw the administration of justice and the implementation of freedom in North Carolina through military commission proceedings over civilians. Even in these military tribunals the common law provided a common language and ideology through which northern military officials, North Carolinian citizens and North Carolina lawyers could contest the precise meaning of freedom. Once civilian courts resumed their authority, North Carolinians continued throughout Reconstruction to refine the meaning of freedom and to incorporate the new constitutional values in the language of the common law. By focusing on the local implementation of constitutional change, this dissertation sheds light on how Americans experienced emancipation and freedom in their everyday lives. However, uncovering the common law context in which it developed aids our understanding of nineteenth century constitutional doctrine as well

Računanje vrijednosti DNK dokaza

DNK analiza je postala općeprihvaćena u većini pravnih sustava te ima nezamjenjivu ulogu u forenzici. Upravo tom metodom rasvijetljeni su brojni sudsko medicinski slučajevi. Prilikom suđenja za zločin u kojemu se razmatra DNK dokaz, nije dovoljna samo činjenica da se profil s mjesta događaja i profil osumnjičenika podudaraju. Potrebno je iznijeti i vrijednost tog dokaza kako bi se utvrdilo koliko je taj dokaz vjerodostojan i koristan. Računajući vrijednosti dokaza potrebno je paziti na nekoliko stvari. Potrebno je paziti radi li se o nekoj specifičnoj subpopulaciji ili općoj populaciji. Vrijednost dokaza veća je ako zanemarimo činjenicu da osumnjičeni i počinitelj pripadaju određenoj subpopulaciji. Još veći utjecaj na vrijednost dokaza ima činjenica da osumnjičeni pojedinac ima srodnika u populaciji. Zanemarujući tu činjenicu, vrijednost dokaza je nepošteno prikazana u korist tužiteljstva. Kod analize miješanih tragova, također se mora paziti kojoj populaciji pripadaju kontri- butori u mješavini: pripadaju li općoj populaciji ili nekoj specifičnoj subpopulaciji. Ako se nalazi u nekoj specifičnoj subpopulaciji, vrijednost dokaza se smanjuje. Uzevši u obzir sve činjenice, tek tada dokaz može pravovaljano biti prikazan na sudu.DNA analysis has become widely accepted in most legal systems and has an irreplaceable role in forensics. By using precisely this method numerous forensic cases have been elucidated. During the trial for the crime in which DNA evidence is considered, it is not sucient that the prole of the event and the prole of the suspect make a match. It is necessary to bring the value of that evidence to determine if the evidence is reliable and useful. While considering the value of evidence it is necessary to pay attention to several things. We should take into consideration whether it is a specic subpopulation or the general population. The value of the evidence is greater if we ignore the fact that the suspect and oender belong to a specic subpopulation. An even greater impact on the value of the evidence has the fact that the suspect has a relative. By ignoring that fact, the value of the evidence is unfairly presented in favour of the prosecution. While analysing mixed traces, we also must pay attention to which population do contri- butors in the mixture belong: whether they belong to the general population or some specic subpopulation. If it is in some specic subpopulation, the value of the evidence reduces. Only after considering all the facts evidence can validly be presented in court. 2

A Qualitative Study of an Interprofessional Collaborative Practicum Cohort

Interprofessional education (IPE) occurs “when students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes” (WHO, 2010). While IPE with a healthcare focus has been around for years, literature regarding IPE in the school setting involving speech-language pathology (SLP) and special education (SPED) is sparse. Online database searches using the key words “interprofessional education,” “interprofessional collaboration,” “special education,” and “speech-language pathology” yield only a few studies. • In the Special Education and Communication Disorders department at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, aninterprofessional practicum experience was developed to address the need for more research and to teach collaboration to future school-based professionals

U.S. beef trade in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement : analysis of relevant markets and potential scenarios

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement is a comprehensive regional free trade agreement negotiated by twelve countries around the Pacific Rim covering issues from agriculture to services to intellectual property. The US beef industry has long been supporters of free trade and believes there is much to gain from a comprehensive agreement reduces tariff and non-tariff trade barriers within this region. This research seeks to lay a foundation by analyzing current beef import and export volumes between the US and key players in the TPP Agreement down to the six and nine digit tariff level in order to better understand the intricacies of beef trade in the Pacific region. In addition, the current tariff and non-tariff trade barriers between TPP countries in relation to beef along with existing free trade agreements is outlined in specific detail. This research utilizes a linked US beef and international trade model to simulate effects on the US beef industry on both a full and partial tariff elimination scenario as well as a scenario with and without improved SPS measures resulting from a potential TPP Agreement. This research was conducted before the TPP Agreement was finalized and was designed to build a foundation for analysis of beef trade in a final TPP agreement

On the solvability of some discontinuous functional impulsive problems

This paper deals with impulsive problems consisting of second order differential equation with impulsive effects depending implicitly on the solution and with rather general nonlocal boundary conditions. The arguments are based on the lower and upper solutions method and a fixed point theorem

Relaxation dynamics of carbon nanotubes of enriched chiralities

In our work we combined experimental and theoretical investigations of the relaxation dynamics of the single wall carbon nanotubes (SW-CNTs) in solution samples with enriched chiralities of (7,5) and (7,6) species. In two-color pump-probe studies we observe three-exponential decay in the differential transmission spectra in the range of few picoseconds, tens of picoseconds, and hundreds of picoseconds. Decay curves are very similar for both SW-CNT chiralities under resonant excitation and probing of excited and ground state transition energies, respectively. Both types of tubes exhibit no changes in decay for the different excitation energies in the range ±50meV around the excited state. By tuning the probe pulse towards energies higher then ground state (up to +350meV) we observe acceleration of the first decay component from 5.8ps down to 1.6ps. Our experimental results are supported by time resolved microscopic calculations based on carbon nanotube Bloch equations proving the fast decay component behavior being dominated through scattering with acoustic phonons

Colloidal dual-band gap cell for photocatalytic hydrogen generation

We report that the internal quantum efficiency for hydrogen generation in spherical, Pt-decorated CdS nanocrystals can be tuned by quantum confinement, resulting in higher efficiencies for smaller than for larger nanocrystals (17.3% for 2.8 nm and 11.4% for 4.6 nm diameter nanocrystals). We attribute this to a larger driving force for electron and hole transfer in the smaller nanocrystals. The larger internal quantum efficiency in smaller nanocrystals enables a novel colloidal dual-band gap cell utilising differently sized nanocrystals and showing larger external quantum efficiencies than cells with only one size of nanocrystals (9.4% for 2.8 nm particles only and 14.7% for 2.8 nm and 4.6 nm nanocrystals). This represents a proof-of-principle for future colloidal tandem cell